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Based on 29 existing climate change integrated assessment models (IAM), this paper discusses the progress of integrated assessment models for climate policy with five key aspects in IAMs including model structure, uncertainty, equity, technical change and abatement mechanism. There are three main categories in IAMs including optimization models, computable general equilibrium (CGE) models and simulation models. In order to model the uncertainties in climate change, IAMs in the future need to answer questions such as the probability distribution of the effects of climate change, the degree to which human society is risk averse and the rate at which human society discounts future benefits and costs relative to those in the present. As for the intergenerational equity, prescriptionist supports the low discount rate and immediate actions in climate policies, while descriptionist supports the high discount rate and "step-by-step" actions in climate policies. As for the international equity, IAMs should place greater welfare weights on the low-income regions. IAMs have the tendency to make technical change endogenous by three approaches including direct price-induced, R&D-induced and learning-induced. As for the GHG emission reduction mechanism, most researchers who use the cost-benefit analysis consider that quantity-based mechanisms are more efficient than price-based mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has a large economic and demographic exposure to extreme events that is increasing rapidly due to its fast development, and climate change may further aggravate the situation. This paper investigates China's socioeconomic risk from extreme events under climate change over the next few decades with a focus on sub-national heterogeneity. The empirical relationships between socioeconomic damages and their determinants are identified using a hierarchical Bayesian approach, and are used to estimate future damages as well as associated uncertainty bounds given specified climate and development scenarios. Considering projected changes in exposure, we find that the southwest and central regions and Hainan Island of China are likely to have a larger percentage of population at risk, while most of the southwest and central regions could generally have higher economic losses. Finally, the analysis suggests that increasing income can significantly decrease the number of people affected by extremes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]