12 results on '"Turner, Edgar C."'
Search Results
2. Heatwave predicts a shady future for insects: impacts of an extreme weather event on a chalk grassland in Bedfordshire, UK
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Hayes, Matthew P., Ashe-Jepson, Esme, Hitchcock, Gwen E., Clark, Ryan, Hellon, Josh, Knock, Richard I., Bladon, Andrew J., and Turner, Edgar C.
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- 2024
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3. Oviposition behaviour and emergence through time of the small blue butterfly (Cupido minimus) in a nature reserve in Bedfordshire, UK
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Ashe-Jepson, Esme, Bladon, Andrew J., Herbert, Greg, Hitchcock, Gwen E., Knock, Richard, Lucas, Colin B. H., Luke, Sarah H., and Turner, Edgar C.
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- 2022
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4. Hot topics in butterfly research: Current knowledge and gaps in understanding of the impacts of temperature on butterflies.
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Ashe‐Jepson, Esme, Bru, Elisabeth, Connell, Eleanor, Dixit, Mahika K., Hargrave, Jack, Lavitt, Tate, Lam, Miranda, Prosser, Rosa, Roberts, Benjamin J., Thompson, Bradley, Bladon, Andrew J., and Turner, Edgar C.
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BUTTERFLIES ,DEVELOPING countries ,NUMBERS of species ,COLD-blooded animals ,FAMILY relations - Abstract
As small poikilotherms, insects are largely dependent on their environment for thermoregulation and so are particularly vulnerable to changing temperatures.Butterflies are a well‐studied group often used as models to investigate insect responses to temperature. However, little has been done to synthesise and present this large volume of literature in an accessible format, particularly with reference to knowledge gaps and areas rich in information. Using a systematic mapping method, we synthesised the last 40 years of research on the topic of butterfly responses to temperature.We identified and coded 451 research papers, in which butterfly species were studied 3198 times. We identified taxonomic groups, regions and experimental designs that were well or poorly represented.We found that there was a relatively good balance of representation across butterfly families in relation to the number of species within each family. The tropics were less frequently studied than temperate regions, and there were more studies reporting outcomes on adults than at any other life stage. Finally, in situ studies were more common than ex situ studies.Taken together, the higher representation of certain regions, life stages and approaches could lead to an incomplete understanding of the impacts of temperature on butterflies, potentially resulting in ill‐informed decisions.We make suggestions for how to resolve these discrepancies in representation, including calling for an increased focus on the tropics, the establishment of butterfly monitoring schemes in the global south, a greater focus on the effects of temperature on non‐adult life stages, an increase in experiments investigating fluctuating thermal regimes and the incorporation of more behavioural responses to temperature in future research. Only by addressing these disparities can we gain a complete understanding of how butterflies will respond to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Thermoregulatory ability and mechanism do not differ consistently between neotropical and temperate butterflies
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Laird-Hopkins, Benita C, Ashe-Jepson, Esme, Basset, Yves, Arizala Cobo, Stephany, Eberhardt, Lucy, Freiberga, Inga, Hellon, Josh, Hitchcock, Gwen E, Kleckova, Irena, Linke, Daniel, Lamarre, Greg PA, McFarlane, Alex, Savage, Amanda F, Turner, Edgar C, Zamora, Ana Cecilia, Sam, Katerina, Bladon, Andrew J, Laird-Hopkins, Benita C [0000-0003-0270-1241], Ashe-Jepson, Esme [0000-0003-3872-295X], Kleckova, Irena [0000-0002-9333-213X], Bladon, Andrew J [0000-0002-2677-1247], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Hot Temperature ,ecophysiology ,Temperature ,ectotherms ,behaviour ,tropics ,Cold Temperature ,Lepidoptera ,climate change ,Humans ,Animals ,insects ,Butterflies ,microclimate ,Body Temperature Regulation - Abstract
Climate change is a major threat to species worldwide, yet it remains uncertain whether tropical or temperate species are more vulnerable to changing temperatures. To further our understanding of this, we used a standardised field protocol to (1) study the buffering ability (ability to regulate body temperature relative to surrounding air temperature) of neotropical (Panama) and temperate (the United Kingdom, Czech Republic and Austria) butterflies at the assemblage and family level, (2) determine if any differences in buffering ability were driven by morphological characteristics and (3) used ecologically relevant temperature measurements to investigate how butterflies use microclimates and behaviour to thermoregulate. We hypothesised that temperate butterflies would be better at buffering than neotropical butterflies as temperate species naturally experience a wider range of temperatures than their tropical counterparts. Contrary to our hypothesis, at the assemblage level, neotropical species (especially Nymphalidae) were better at buffering than temperate species, driven primarily by neotropical individuals cooling themselves more at higher air temperatures. Morphology was the main driver of differences in buffering ability between neotropical and temperate species as opposed to the thermal environment butterflies experienced. Temperate butterflies used postural thermoregulation to raise their body temperature more than neotropical butterflies, probably as an adaptation to temperate climates, but the selection of microclimates did not differ between regions. Our findings demonstrate that butterfly species have unique thermoregulatory strategies driven by behaviour and morphology, and that neotropical species are not likely to be more inherently vulnerable to warming than temperate species.
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- 2023
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6. Oviposition behaviour and emergence through time of the small blue butterfly (Cupido minimus) in a nature reserve in Bedfordshire, UK
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Ashe-Jepson, Esme, Bladon, Andrew J, Herbert, Greg, Hitchcock, Gwen E, Knock, Richard, Lucas, Colin BH, Luke, Sarah H, Turner, Edgar C, Ashe-Jepson, Esme [0000-0003-3872-295X], Bladon, Andrew J [0000-0002-2677-1247], Hitchcock, Gwen E [0000-0002-0540-4202], Luke, Sarah H [0000-0002-8335-5960], Turner, Edgar C [0000-0003-2715-2234], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Bladon, Andrew [0000-0002-2677-1247], Luke, Sarah [0000-0002-8335-5960], and Turner, Edgar [0000-0003-2715-2234]
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Original Paper ,Conservation management ,Abundance ,Ecology ,FOS: Biological sciences ,Insect Science ,Temperature ,Climate change ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Butterflies ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Climate change affects butterflies in many ways, influencing the timing of emergence and reproduction, habitat preferences, and behaviour. The small blue (Cupido minimus Fuessley, 1775) is highly specialised in its host plant requirements, feeding on the seeds of a single species, kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria), on which the larvae occur singly to avoid cannibalism. The butterfly is likely to be vulnerable to temperature-related changes in oviposition, adult emergence, and host plant flowering times, and is, therefore, a good model species for investigating climate change-related impacts. Using 26 years of data from the national UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (1993-2019) from one nature reserve, and 4 years of targeted egg searches (2006, 2007, 2008, 2020) from three reserves in Bedfordshire, UK, we investigated the effects of local temperature on small blue emergence date and total abundance, whether flowerhead or local environmental characteristics predicted small blue oviposition behaviour, and whether this changed between years. Small blue adults emerged on earlier dates over time, and earlier in years with higher maximum February temperatures. Total adult abundance was not predicted by monthly temperatures or total abundance in the previous year. Oviposition behaviour was broadly consistent across years, with egg presence more likely and egg abundance higher on kidney vetch flowerheads that were taller than the surrounding vegetation, and surrounded by taller vegetation and fewer mature flowerheads. The effect of solar radiation differed between years, with a negative effect on the probability of egg presence in 2007 and 2008, but a positive effect in 2020. Egg abundance per flowerhead was highly variable between years, with 2006 having four times more eggs per flowerhead than other years. This was likely driven by high adult abundance in 2006, which could have increased competition for flowerheads. Implications for insect conservation: Our results indicate that management for greater availability of taller kidney vetch amongst taller vegetation would encourage small blue oviposition on a greater number of flowerheads, providing a possible means of reducing competition and increasing larval survival, and that this would be effective despite variation in adult abundance between years. The high level of competition we observed in the year with the highest adult abundance indicates that higher numbers of host plants should be encouraged to reduce competition and larval cannibalism in peak years, increasing the likelihood of long-term population persistence and growth. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10841-021-00360-5., SITA Trust Landfill Community, Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire Butterfly Conservation, Balfour Browne fund, Natural England, Isaac Newton Trust/Wellcome TrustISSF/University of Cambridge Joint Research Grants Scheme (RG89529)
- Published
- 2021
7. Thermoregulatory ability and mechanism do not differ consistently between neotropical and temperate butterflies.
- Author
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Laird‐Hopkins, Benita C., Ashe‐Jepson, Esme, Basset, Yves, Arizala Cobo, Stephany, Eberhardt, Lucy, Freiberga, Inga, Hellon, Josh, Hitchcock, Gwen E., Kleckova, Irena, Linke, Daniel, Lamarre, Greg P. A., McFarlane, Alex, Savage, Amanda F., Turner, Edgar C., Zamora, Ana Cecilia, Sam, Katerina, and Bladon, Andrew J.
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BODY temperature ,BUTTERFLIES ,ATMOSPHERIC temperature ,NYMPHALIDAE ,TEMPERATURE measurements ,TEMPERATE climate ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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8. Distributional Patterns of Epiphytic Ferns are Explained by the Presence of Cryptic Species
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Fayle, Tom M., Dumbrell, Alex J., Turner, Edgar C., and Foster, William A.
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- 2011
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9. Localised climate change defines ant communities in human‐modified tropical landscapes
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Boyle, Michael J. W., Bishop, Tom R., Luke, Sarah H., Van Breugel, Michiel, Evans, Theodore A., Pfeifer, Marion, Fayle, Tom M., Hardwick, Stephen R., Lane‐Shaw, Rachel Isolde, Yusah, Kalsum M., Ashford, Imogen C. R., Ashford, Oliver S., Garnett, Emma, Turner, Edgar C., Wilkinson, Clare L., Chung, Arthur Y. C., Ewers, Robert M., Boyle, Michael J. W. [0000-0002-9912-5182], Bishop, Tom R. [0000-0001-7061-556X], Fayle, Tom M. [0000-0002-1667-1189], Wilkinson, Clare L. [0000-0002-0022-2522], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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RESEARCH ARTICLE ,tropical forests ,climate change ,fragmentation ,land‐use change ,COMMUNITY ECOLOGY ,insects ,oil palm ,logging ,microclimate - Abstract
Funder: Sime Darby Foundation, Funder: Sir Philip Reckitt Educational Trust, Funder: Czech Science Foundation; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001824, Logging and habitat conversion create hotter microclimates in tropical forest landscapes, representing a powerful form of localised anthropogenic climate change. It is widely believed that these emergent conditions are responsible for driving changes in communities of organisms found in modified tropical forests, although the empirical evidence base for this is lacking. Here we investigated how interactions between the physiological traits of genera and the environmental temperatures they experience lead to functional and compositional changes in communities of ants, a key organism in tropical forest ecosystems. We found that the abundance and activity of ant genera along a gradient of forest disturbance in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, was defined by an interaction between their thermal tolerance (CTmax) and environmental temperature. In more disturbed, warmer habitats, genera with high CTmax had increased relative abundance and functional activity, and those with low CTmax had decreased relative abundance and functional activity. This interaction determined abundance changes between primary and logged forest that differed in daily maximum temperature by a modest 1.1°C, and strengthened as the change in microclimate increased with disturbance. Between habitats that differed by 5.6°C (primary forest to oil palm) and 4.5°C (logged forest to oil palm), a 1°C difference in CTmax among genera led to a 23% and 16% change in relative abundance, and a 22% and 17% difference in functional activity. CTmax was negatively correlated with body size and trophic position, with ants becoming significantly smaller and less predatory as microclimate temperatures increased. Our results provide evidence to support the widely held, but never directly tested, assumption that physiological tolerances underpin the influence of disturbance‐induced microclimate change on the abundance and function of invertebrates in tropical landscapes. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
- Published
- 2021
10. How butterflies keep their cool: Physical and ecological traits influence thermoregulatory ability and population trends.
- Author
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Bladon, Andrew J., Lewis, Matthew, Bladon, Eleanor K., Buckton, Sam J., Corbett, Stuart, Ewing, Steven R., Hayes, Matthew P., Hitchcock, Gwen E., Knock, Richard, Lucas, Colin, McVeigh, Adam, Menéndez, Rosa, Walker, Jonah M., Fayle, Tom M., Turner, Edgar C., and Zipkin, Elise
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BUTTERFLIES ,WILDLIFE conservation ,ATMOSPHERIC temperature ,ACQUISITION of data ,ABILITY - Abstract
Understanding which factors influence the ability of individuals to respond to changing temperatures is fundamental to species conservation under climate change.We investigated how a community of butterflies responded to fine‐scale changes in air temperature, and whether species‐specific responses were predicted by ecological or morphological traits.Using data collected across a UK reserve network, we investigated the ability of 29 butterfly species to buffer thoracic temperature against changes in air temperature. First, we tested whether differences were attributable to taxonomic family, morphology or habitat association. We then investigated the relative importance of two buffering mechanisms: behavioural thermoregulation versus fine‐scale microclimate selection. Finally, we tested whether species' responses to changing temperatures predicted their population trends from a UK‐wide dataset.We found significant interspecific variation in buffering ability, which varied between families and increased with wing length. We also found interspecific differences in the relative importance of the two buffering mechanisms, with species relying on microclimate selection suffering larger population declines over the last 40 years than those that could alter their temperature behaviourally.Our results highlight the importance of understanding how different species respond to fine‐scale temperature variation, and the value of taking microclimate into account in conservation management to ensure favourable conditions are maintained for temperature‐sensitive species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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11. Whole-ecosystem experimental manipulations of tropical forests.
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Fayle, Tom M., Turner, Edgar C., Basset, Yves, Ewers, Robert M., Reynolds, Glen, and Novotny, Vojtech
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TROPICAL forests , *SPECIES diversity , *ABIOTIC environment , *ECOLOGICAL restoration monitoring , *LOGGING , *CLIMATE change - Abstract
Tropical forests are highly diverse systems involving extraordinary numbers of interactions between species, with each species responding in a different way to the abiotic environment. Understanding how these systems function and predicting how they respond to anthropogenic global change is extremely challenging. We argue for the necessity of ‘whole-ecosystem’ experimental manipulations, in which the entire ecosystem is targeted, either to reveal the functioning of the system in its natural state or to understand responses to anthropogenic impacts. We survey the current range of whole-ecosystem manipulations, which include those targeting weather and climate, nutrients, biotic interactions, human impacts, and habitat restoration. Finally we describe the unique challenges and opportunities presented by such projects and suggest directions for future experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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12. How butterflies keep their cool: Physical and ecological traits influence thermoregulatory ability and population trends
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Colin Lucas, GE Hitchcock, RI Knock, Jonah M. Walker, Matt Lewis, Eleanor Bladon, Rosa Menéndez, Tom M. Fayle, Matthew P. Hayes, Steven R. Ewing, Stuart Corbett, Andrew J. Bladon, Adam McVeigh, Sam J. Buckton, Edgar C. Turner, Bladon, Andrew J [0000-0002-2677-1247], Lewis, Matthew [0000-0003-2244-4078], Bladon, Eleanor K [0000-0002-0466-0335], Ewing, Steven R [0000-0002-4599-100X], Hayes, Matthew P [0000-0001-5200-9259], Menéndez, Rosa [0000-0001-9997-5809], Walker, Jonah M [0000-0001-7355-3130], Fayle, Tom M [0000-0002-1667-1189], Turner, Edgar C [0000-0003-2715-2234], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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0106 biological sciences ,specialist ,Climate Change ,Population ,Microclimate ,Climate change ,Biology ,Generalist and specialist species ,behavioural thermoregulation ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,population trends ,Animals ,generalist ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ecosystem ,education.field_of_study ,butterflies ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Temperature ,Interspecific competition ,Behavioural thermoregulation ,Cold Temperature ,Habitat ,Butterfly ,Animal Science and Zoology ,microclimate ,Body Temperature Regulation - Abstract
Understanding which factors influence the ability of individuals to respond to changing temperatures is fundamental to species conservation under climate change.\ud \ud We investigated how a community of butterflies responded to fine-scale changes in air temperature, and whether species-specific responses were predicted by ecological or morphological traits.\ud \ud Using data collected across a UK reserve network, we investigated the ability of 29 butterfly species to buffer thoracic temperature against changes in air temperature. First, we tested whether differences were attributable to taxonomic family, morphology or habitat association. We then investigated the relative importance of two buffering mechanisms: behavioural thermoregulation versus fine-scale microclimate selection. Finally, we tested whether species' responses to changing temperatures predicted their population trends from a UK-wide dataset.\ud \ud We found significant interspecific variation in buffering ability, which varied between families and increased with wing length. We also found interspecific differences in the relative importance of the two buffering mechanisms, with species relying on microclimate selection suffering larger population declines over the last 40 years than those that could alter their temperature behaviourally.\ud \ud Our results highlight the importance of understanding how different species respond to fine-scale temperature variation, and the value of taking microclimate into account in conservation management to ensure favourable conditions are maintained for temperature-sensitive species.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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