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In light of observed and projected climate changes, it is necessary to develop science-based methods and criteria to assess the need for preventive adaptation to the consequences of climate change and associated risks. The nature, the population, and the economy always respond to changing conditions, including climate changes, and adapt to them. However, the speed and effectiveness of such reactive adaptation may be insufficient. For this reason, planning adaptation measures and implementing preventive adaptation have become critical for the sustainable development of the economy, improving the quality of life of people, and preserving ecosystems. This paper proposes an approach to identifying the quantitative indicators of climate impact that show the need for preventive adaptation when they exceed threshold values. This approach can also be used in the development and implementation of adaptation plans for the sectors of the economy and the subjects of the Russian Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing number of dangerous weather events, an increase in their duration and amplitude of action leads to sharp fluctuations in agricultural production, thereby creating risks for sustainable development and ensuring food security of the country. The aim of the study is to analyze the peculiarities of the manifestation of hazardous weather phenomena in the regions of the Russian Federation with crop specialization and to substantiate the actual mechanisms of adaptation of regional agrosystems to the consequences of the transformation of natural and climatic conditions. The use of the author's methodology for assessing the level of influence of climatic risks on agricultural production made it possible to establish that the increase in the number of unfavorable meteorological phenomena and the degree of their impact occurs more intensively in the most productive regions of crop specialization. The differentiated impact of climate risks necessitates the creation of regional and sectoral models of adaptation of regional agrosystems, taking into account the peculiarities of natural-resource potential, changes in crop productivity in response to changes in climatic variables, the structure of crop producers in the region. Mechanisms and tools for adapting agricultural systems to the consequences of climate change for the regions involved in the study are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]