44,018 results
Search Results
252. Climatic changes and groundwater resources in Africa
- Author
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Anwar Al‐Gamal, Samir, Sokona, Youba, and Dodo, Abdel‐Kader
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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253. The past protecting the future : Locating climatically stable forests in West and Central Africa
- Author
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Leal, Miguel E.
- Published
- 2009
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- View/download PDF
254. An appraisal of measures to cope with climate change in the Baltic Sea
- Author
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Barbir, Jelena, Leal Filho, Walter, and Spiric, Jovanka
- Published
- 2009
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255. Heat strain and mortality effects of prolonged Central European heat wave : an example of June 2019 in Poland
- Author
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Anna Błażejczyk, Kaja Czarnecka, Krzysztof Błażejczyk, Piotr Wałach, and Robert Twardosz
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Hot Temperature ,extreme heat wave ,Atmospheric circulation ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Climate ,Overheating (economics) ,Heat strain ,Thermal energy storage ,Heat Stress Disorders ,heat-related mortality ,Meteorology ,Heat-related mortality ,heat strain ,Humans ,Weather ,Original Paper ,Ecology ,Human organism ,Advection ,Heat wave ,Total mortality ,Air temperature ,Climatology ,UTCI ,Environmental science ,Poland ,Extreme heat wave - Abstract
The occurrence of long-lasting severe heat stress, such as in July–August 2003, July 2010, or in April–May 2018 has been one of the biggest meteorological threats in Europe in recent years. The paper focuses on the biometeorological and mortality effects of the hot June that was observed in Central Europe in 2019. The basis of the study was hourly and daily Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) values at meteorological stations in Poland for June 2019. The average monthly air temperature and UTCI values from 1951 to 2018 were analysed as background. Grosswetterlagen calendar of atmospheric circulation was used to assess synoptic conditions of heat wave. Several heat strain measures were applied : net heat storage (S), modelled heart rate (HR), sultriness (HSI), and UTCI index. Actual total mortality (TM) and modelled strong heat-related mortality (SHRM) were taken as indicators of biometeorological consequences of the hot June in 2019. The results indicate that prolonged persistence of unusually warm weather in June 2019 was determined by the synoptic conditions occurring over the European region and causing advection of tropical air. They led to the emergence of heat waves causing 10% increase in TM and 5 times bigger SHRM then in preceding 10 years. Such increase in SHRM was an effect of overheating and overload of circulatory system of human organism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00484-021-02202-0.
- Published
- 2022
256. A remote sensing based monitoring system for discrimination between climate and human‐induced vegetation change in Central Asia
- Author
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Propastin, P.A., Kappas, M., and Muratova, N.R.
- Published
- 2008
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257. Modelling rapid climate changes and analysing their impacts
- Author
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Bekteshi, Sadik, Kabashi, Skender, Šlaus, Ivo, Zidanšek, Aleksander, Najdovski, Dimitrij, Professor. Ružinski, Nikola, Professor. Koprivanac, Natalija, Dr. Dobrović, Slaven, and Dr. Stefanović, Gordana
- Published
- 2008
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258. Regional hydroclimatic variability and Brazil's 2001 energy crisis
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Simoes, Silvio J. and Barros, Ana P.
- Published
- 2007
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259. Evapotranspiration: A scientometric analysis.
- Author
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de OLIVEIRA, Lorena Alves, CASAROLI, Derblai, ALVES JÚNIOR, José, and EVANGELISTA, Adão Wagner Pêgo
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EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ,SCIENTOMETRICS ,REMOTE sensing ,CLIMATOLOGY ,WATER management - Abstract
Copyright of Cientifica is the property of Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa e Extensao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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260. Including high frequency variability in coastal ocean acidification projections.
- Author
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Takeshita, Y., Frieder, C. A., Martz, T. R., Ballard, J. R., Feely, R. A., Kram, S., Nam, S., Navarro, M. O., Price, N. N., and Smith, J. E.
- Subjects
OCEAN acidification ,ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature ,CLIMATOLOGY ,CHEMICALS ,MARINE organisms - Abstract
Assessing the impacts of anthropogenic ocean acidification requires knowledge of present-day and future environmental conditions. Here, we present a simple model for upwelling margins that projects anthropogenic acidification trajectories by combining high-temporal resolution sensor data, hydrographic surveys for source water characterization, empirical relationships of the CO
2 system, and the atmospheric CO2 2 record. This model characterizes CO2 variability on timescales ranging from hours (e.g. tidal) to months (e.g. seasonal), bridging a critical knowledge gap in ocean acidification research. The amount of anthropogenic carbon in a given water mass is dependent on the age, therefore a density-age relationship was derived for the study region, and was combined with the 2013 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change CO2 emission scenarios to add density-dependent anthropogenic carbon to the sensor time series. The model was applied to time series from four autonomous pH sensors, each deployed in the surf zone, kelp forest, submarine canyon edge, and shelf break in the upper 100m of the Southern California Bight. All habitats were within 5 km of one another, and exhibited unique, habitat-specific CO2 variability signatures and acidification trajectories, demonstrating the importance of making projections in the context of habitat-specific CO2 2signatures. In general, both the mean and range of pCO2 increase in the future, with the greatest increases in both magnitude and range occurring in the deeper habitats due to reduced buffering capacity. On the other hand, the saturation state of aragonite (ΩAr ) decreased in both magnitude and range. This approach can be applied to the entire California Current System, and upwelling margins in general, where sensor and complementary hydrographic data are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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261. Spatial and temporal trends in summertime climate and water quality indicators in the coastal embayments of Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts.
- Author
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Rheuban, J. E., Williamson, S. C., Costa, J. E., Glover, D. M., Jakuba, R. W., McCorkle, D. C., Neill, C., Williams, T., and Doney, S. C.
- Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY ,ECOSYSTEMS ,BIOTIC communities ,EUTROPHICATION - Abstract
Degradation of coastal ecosystems by eutrophication is largely defined by nitrogen loading from land via surface and groundwater flows. However, indicators of water quality are highly variable due to a myriad of other drivers, including temperature and precipitation. To evaluate these drivers, we examined spatial and temporal trends in a 22 year record of summer water quality data from 122 stations in 17 embayments within Buzzards Bay, MA (USA), collected through a citizen science monitoring program managed by Buzzards Bay Coalition. To identify spatial patterns across Buzzards Bay's embayments, we used a principle component and factor analysis and found that rotated factor loadings indicated little correlation between inorganic nutrients and organic matter and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration. Factor scores showed that embayment geomorphology in addition to nutrient loading was a strong driver of water quality, where embayments with surface water inputs showed larger biological impacts than embayments dominated by groundwater influx. A linear regression analysis of annual summertime water quality indicators over time revealed that from 1992 to 2013, most embayments (15 of 17) exhibited an increase in temperature (mean rate of 0.082 ± 0.025 (SD) °C yr
-1 ) and Chl a (mean rate of 0.0171 ± 0.0088 log10 (Chl a; mgm-3 )yr-1 , equivalent to a 4.0% increase per year). However, only 7 embayments exhibited an increase in total nitrogen (TN) concentration (mean rate 0.32 ± 0.47 (SD)μM yr-1 ). Average summertime log10 (TN) and log10 (Chl a) were correlated with an indication that yield of Chl a per unit total nitrogen increased with time suggesting the estuarine response to TN may have changed because of other stressors such as warming, altered precipitation patterns, or changing light levels. These findings affirm that nitrogen loading and physical aspects of embayments are essential in explaining observed ecosystem response. However, climate-related stressors may also need to be considered by managers because increased temperature and precipitation may worsen water quality and partially offset benefits achieved by reducing nitrogen loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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262. Projected climate change impacts on North Sea and Baltic Sea: CMIP3 and CMIP5 model based scenarios.
- Author
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Pushpadas, D., Schrum, C., and Daewel, U.
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CLIMATOLOGY ,CLIMATE change ,ANALYTICAL mechanics ,DYNAMICS - Abstract
Climate change impacts on the marine biogeochemistry and lower trophic level dynamics in the North Sea and Baltic Sea have been assessed using regional downscaling in a number of recent studies. However, most of these where only forced by physical conditions from Global Climate Models (GCMs) and regional downscaling considering the climate change impact on oceanic nutrient conditions from Global Earth System Models (ESMs) are rare and so far solely based on CMIP3-generation climate models. The few studies published show a large range in projected future primary production and hydrodynamic condition. With the addition of CMIP5 models and scenarios, the demand to explore the uncertainty in regional climate change projections increased. Moreover, the question arises how projections based on CMIP5-generation models compare to earlier projections and multi-model ensembles comprising both AR4 and AR5 generation forcing models. Here, we investigated the potential future climate change impacts to the North Sea and the Baltic Sea ecosystem using a coherent regional downscaling strategy based on the regional coupled bio-physical model ECOSMO. ECOSMO was forced by output from different ESMs from both CMIP3 and CMIP5 models. Multi-model ensembles using CMIP3/A1B and CMIP5/RCP4.5 scenarios are examined, where the selected CMIP5 models are the successors of the chosen CMIP3 models. Comparing projected changes with the present day reference condition, all these simulations predicted an increase in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in both North Sea and Baltic Sea, reduction in sea ice in the Baltic, decrease in primary production in the North Sea and an increase in primary production in the Baltic Sea. Despite these largely consistent results on the direction of the projected changes, our results revealed a broad range in the amplitude of projected climate change impacts. Our study strengthens the claim that the choice of the ESM is a major factor for regional climate projections. The change in oceanic nutrient input appeared to be the major driver for the projected changes in North Sea primary production. Assessing the spread in ensemble groups, we found that there is for the North Sea a significant reduction in the spread of projected changes among CMIP5 forced model simulations compared to those forced by CMIP3 ESMs, except for salinity. The latter was due to an unexpected salinification observed in one of the CMIP5 model while all other models exhibit freshening in the future. However, for the Baltic Sea substantial differences in inter-model variability in projected climate change impact to primary production is lacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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263. Generation of a Bending Angle Radio Occultation Climatology (BAROCLIM) and its use in radio occultation retrievals.
- Author
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Scherllin-Pirscher, B., Syndergaard, S., Foelsche, U., and Lauritsen, K. B.
- Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY ,GLOBAL Positioning System ,TROPOSPHERE ,MESOSPHERE ,MASS spectrometers ,INCOHERENT scatter radar - Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a bending angle radio occultation climatology (BAROCLIM) based on Formosat-3/COSMIC (F3C) data. This climatology represents the monthlymean atmospheric state from 2006 to 2012. Bending angles from radio occultation (RO) measurements are obtained from the accumulation of the change in the raypath direction of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals. Best quality of these nearvertical profiles is found from the middle troposphere up to the mesosphere. Beside RO bending angles we also use data from the Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter Radar (MSIS) model to expand BAROCLIM in a spectral model, which (theoretically) reaches from the surface up to infinity. Due to the very high quality of BAROCLIM up to the mesosphere, it can be used to detect deficiencies in current state-of-the-art analysis and reanalysis products from numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers. For bending angles derived from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis fields from 2006 to 2012, e.g., we find a positive bias of 0.5% to 1% at 40 km, which increases to more than 2% at 50 km. BAROCLIM can also be used as a priori information in RO profile retrievals. In contrast to other a priori information (i.e., MSIS) we find that the use of BAROCLIM better preserves the mean of raw RO measurements. Global statistics of statistically optimized bending angle and refractivity profiles also confirm that BAROCLIM outperforms MSIS. These results clearly demonstrate the utility of BAROCLIM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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264. Characterization of model errors in the calculation of tangent heights for atmospheric infrared limb measurements.
- Author
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Ridolfi, M. and Sgheri, L.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change mathematical models ,CLIMATOLOGY ,REFRACTIVE index ,RAY tracing ,EIKONAL equation ,MICHELSON interferometer ,ARTIFICIAL satellites & the environment ,MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
We review the main factors driving the calculation of the tangent height of spaceborne limb measurements: the ray-tracing method, the refractive index model and the assumed atmosphere. We find that commonly used ray-tracing and refraction models are very accurate, at least in the middle-infrared. The factor with largest effect in the tangent height calculation is the assumed atmosphere. Using a climatological model in place of the real atmosphere may cause tangent height errors up to ±200 m. Depending on the adopted retrieval scheme, these errors may have a significant impact on the derived profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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265. Divisive Discourse on the 2019-2020 Climate Change Effects among Tanzanian Stakeholders.
- Author
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Keya, Antoni
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CLIMATE change adaptation ,PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation ,CLIMATOLOGY ,PUBLIC officers - Abstract
Promoting climate change discourses may potentially create a useful space for addressing the effects of climate change in Tanzania. During disasters such as floods, everyone obfuscates their agency and blames the other for causing climate change effects. This paper examines the discourse of climate change among scientists, government officials, and the non-scientific Tanzanian stakeholders on climate change and adaptation strategies after the 2019-2020 effects. These actors obfuscate responsibilities and attribute blame on the other for accelerating climate change effects. This paper examines how these attributions contribute to enhancing resilience and adaptation strategies. The paper was theoretically guided by the divided subject and positioning theories. Data for this paper were gathered from YouTube covering the subject. The results suggest that while none of the actors accepts responsibility for accelerating climate change; "what is happening and what should be done" gradually turn into "who is responsible for the mess". Divisive discourse like this is likely to keep Tanzania wobbling to create a resilient society to confront the challenges of climate change. The paper raises the need for the facilitation of a better communication between climate change science and the non-scientific audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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266. Journal's Withdrawal of 'Recursive Fury' Paper Ignites New Controversy about Climate Denialist Tactics.
- Author
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FRAZIER, KENDRICK
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PERIODICAL articles ,PSYCHOLOGY periodicals ,CONSPIRACY ,CLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
The article focuses on the controversy faced by the withdrawal of the periodical "Frontiers in Psychology" to the paper entitled "Recursive Fury: Conspiracist Ideation in the Blogosphere in Response to Research on Conspiricist Ideation," by Stephan Lewandowsky and colleagues, that was accepted in February 2013. It discusses the controversy about climate denialist tactics and the paper's argument on the association between conspiracist thinking and the rejection of climate science.
- Published
- 2014
267. Application and validation of a desertification risk index using data for Lebanon
- Author
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Dragan, Massimo, Sahsuvaroglu, Talar, Gitas, Ioannis, and Feoli, Enrico
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- 2005
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268. From satellite altimetry to Argo and operational oceanography: three revolutions in oceanography.
- Author
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Le Traon, P. Y.
- Subjects
OCEAN ,OCEANOGRAPHY ,CLIMATOLOGY ,DATA ,NATURAL satellites ,DYNAMICS - Abstract
The launch of the US/French mission Topex/Poseidon (T/P) (CNES/NASA) in August 1992 was the start of a revolution in oceanography. For the first time, a very precise altimeter system optimized for large scale sea level and ocean circulation observations was flying. T/P alone could not observe the mesoscale circulation. In the 1990s, the ESA satellites ERS-1/2 were flying simultaneously with T/P. Together with my CLS colleagues, we demonstrated that we could use T/P as a reference mission for ERS-1/2 and bring the ERS-1/2 data to an accuracy level comparable to T/P. Near real time high resolution global sea level anomaly maps were then derived. These maps have been operationally produced as part of the SSALTO/DUACS system for the last 15 yr. They are now widely used by the oceanographic community and have contributed to a much better understanding and recognition of the role and importance of mesoscale dynamics. Altimetry needs to be complemented with global in situ observations. In the end of the 90s, a major international initiative was launched to develop Argo, the global array of profiling floats. This has been an outstanding success. Argo floats now provide the most important in situ observations to monitor and understand the role of the ocean on the earth climate and for operational oceanography. This is a second revolution in oceanography. The unique capability of satellite altimetry to observe the global ocean in near real time at high resolution and the development of Argo were essential to the development of global operational oceanography, the third revolution in oceanography. The Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) was instrumental in the development of the required capabilities. This paper provides an historical perspective on the development of these three revolutions in oceanography which are very much interlinked. This is not an exhaustive review and I will mainly focus on the contributions we made together with many colleagues and friends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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269. James C. Knox (1977) Human impacts on Wisconsin stream channels. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 67: 224–244.
- Author
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Graf, William L.
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CLIMATE change ,FLOODPLAIN agriculture ,FLOODPLAIN ecology ,FLOODPLAINS ,CLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
James C. Knox’s 1977 paper “Human Impacts on Wisconsin Stream Channels,” published in the Annals of the Association of American Geographers, was a key component of a suite of three papers by him defining the response of rivers to the introduction and management of agriculture and to climate change. In this paper he used the Driftless Area of southwest Wisconsin as a laboratory where he could define fluvial responses by their sedimentary signatures in floodplain deposits. Land-use records dating back to the early 19th century along with shorter climate records provided his understanding of the drivers of change. He found that floods increased as an outcome of land-cover change. Upstream tributaries became wider and shallower as coarse deposits limited their adjustments, while main stem channels became narrower and deeper. His paper reflected the influence of his graduate advisor and especially of prominent faculty colleagues at the University of Wisconsin from fields ranging from soils and climatology to geomorphology and history. The paper was the subject of considerable debate in the professional community, but it remains a much-cited example of Knox’s work in unraveling the Quaternary and Holocene history of rivers of the Driftless Area and by extension the upper Mississippi River system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
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270. A global climatology of stratospheric OClO derived from GOMOS measurement.
- Author
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Tétard, C., Fussen, D., Vanhellemont, F., Bingen, C., Dekemper, E., Mateshvili, N., Pieroux, D., Robert, C., Kyrölä, E., Tamminen, J., Sofieva, V., Hauchecorne, A., Dalaudier, F., Bertaux, J.-L., Fanton d'Andon, O., Barrot, G., Blanot, L., Dehn, A., and de Miguel, L. Saavedra
- Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY ,STRATOSPHERE ,OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy) ,SPECTROMETERS ,ATMOSPHERIC aerosols - Abstract
The Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) instrument on board the European platform ENVISAT was dedicated to the study of the atmosphere of the Earth using the stellar occultation technique. The spectral range of the GOMOS spectrometer extends from the UV to the near infrared, allowing for the retrieval of species such as O
3 , NO2 , NO3 , H2 O, O2 , air density, aerosol extinction and OCIO. Nevertheless, OCIO can not be retrieved using a single GOMOS measurement because of the weak signal-to-noise ratio and the small optical thickness associated with this molecule. We present here the method used to detect this molecule by using several GOMOS measurements. It is based on a two-step approach. First, several co-located measurements are combined in a statistical way to build an averaged measurement with a higher signal-to-noise ratio. Then, a Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) method is applied to retrieve OCIO slant column densities. The statistics of the sets of GOMOS measurements used to build the averaged measurement and the spectral window selection are analyzed. The obtained retrievals are compared to results from two balloon-borne instruments. It appears that the inter-comparisons of OCIO are generally satisfying. Then, two nighttime climatologies of OCIO slant column densities based on GOMOS averaged measurements are presented. The first depicts annual global pictures of OCIO from 2003 to 2011. From this climatology, the presence of an OCIO layer in the equatorial region at about 35km is confirmed and strong concentrations of OCIO in both polar regions are observed, a sign of chlorine activation. The second climatology is a monthly time series. It clearly shows the chlorine activation of the lower stratosphere during winter. Moreover the equatorial OCIO layer is observed during all the years without any significant variations. Finally, the anti-correlation between OCIO and NO2 is highlighted. This very promising method, applied on GOMOS measurements, allowed us to build the first nighttime climatology of OCIO [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2013
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271. On the optimal method for evaluating cloud products from passive satellite imagery using CALIPSO-CALIOP data: example investigating the CM SAF CLARA-A1 dataset.
- Author
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Karlsson, K.-G. and Johansson, E.
- Subjects
REMOTE-sensing images ,CLOUDS ,RADIATION ,CLIMATOLOGY ,PROJECT POSSUM ,METEOROLOGICAL satellites ,ARID regions - Abstract
A method for detailed evaluation of a new satellite-derived global 28-yr cloud and radiation climatology (Climate Monitoring SAF Cloud, Albedo and Radiation dataset from AVHRR data, named CLARA-A1) from polar orbiting NOAA and Metop satellites is presented. The method combines 1 km and 5 km resolution cloud datasets from the CALIPSO-CALIOP cloud lidar for estimating cloud detection limitations and the accuracy of cloud top height estimations. Cloud detection is shown to work efficiently for clouds with optical thicknesses above 0.30 except for at twilight conditions when this value increases to 0.45. Some misclassifications generating erroneous clouds over land surfaces in semi-arid regions in the sub-tropical and tropical regions are revealed. In addition, a substantial fraction of all clouds remains undetected in the Polar regions during the polar winter season due to the lack of or an inverted temperature contrast between Earth surfaces and clouds. Subsequent cloud top height evaluation took into account the derived information about the cloud detection limits. It was shown that this has fundamental importance for the achieved results. An overall bias of -274m was achieved compared to a bias of -2762m if no measures were taken to compensate for cloud detection limitations. Despite this improvement it was concluded that high-level clouds still suffer from substantial height underestimations while the opposite is true for low-level (boundary layer) clouds. The validation method and the specifically collected satellite dataset with optimal matching in time and space are suggested for a wider use in the future for evaluation of other cloud retrieval methods based on passive satellite imagery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
272. Climate change and future options for carbon sequestration
- Author
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Kobayashi, Hayato
- Published
- 2004
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273. A generalized tagging method.
- Author
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Grewe, V.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC models ,DIFFERENTIAL equations ,SPECIES ,MATHEMATICAL models of atmospheric circulation ,CLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
The article presents a tagging method, which helps in calculating contribution of individual processes or quantities on state variables for application in climatechemistry models. It also presents 15 differential equations for these contributions or tagged quantities or species. It also discusses possibilities and limitations of this method.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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274. Comparison between MODIS and AIRS/AMSU satellite-derived surface skin temperatures.
- Author
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Lee, Y.-R., Yoo, J.-M., Jeong, M.-J., Won, Y.-I., Hearty, T., and Shin, D.-B.
- Subjects
MODIS (Spectroradiometer) ,SKIN temperature ,CLIMATOLOGY ,STATISTICAL bootstrapping ,OCEAN ,LATITUDE - Abstract
The article presents a study which investigates the comparison of the surface skin temperatures between MODIS and atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS)/Advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU) in terms of their trends and climatology. The study uses the bootstrap method to calculate the 95% confidence interval. Results show that the trends of the surface skin temperature from MODIS has revealed a stronger warming values than from AIRS/AMSU over the high latitude oceans.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
275. Solar Backscatter UV (SBUV) total ozone and profile algorithm.
- Author
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Bhartia, P. K., McPeters, R. D., Flynn, L. E., Taylor, S., Kramrova, N. A., Frith, S., Fisher, B., and DeLand, M.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC ozone ,ALGORITHMS ,ULTRAVIOLET detectors ,BACKSCATTERING ,CLIMATOLOGY ,PRECIPITATION anomalies - Abstract
The article discusses the use of V8.6 algorithm for the development of total ozone and ozone profiles from solar-backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV) instruments. It says that the algorithm features several changes including the integration of new ozone absorption cross-sections and new ozone and cloud height climatologies. It mentions that the SBUV data from the system have high precision for zonal anomalies.
- Published
- 2012
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- View/download PDF
276. CLM4-BeTR, a generic biogeochemical transport and reaction module for CLM4: model development, evaluation, and application.
- Author
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Tang, J., Riley, W. J., Koven, C. D., and Subin, Z. M.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC models ,BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles ,CLIMATOLOGY ,BIOTIC communities ,BIOGEOCHEMISTRY ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
The article presents a study that demonstrates the applications of the Biogeochemical Transport and Reactions (CLM4-BeTR) in regional and global biogeochemistry modeling and climate predictability. It outlines the functions of the model in which its transport code are evaluated through several analytical test cases. The study shows that the method provides detailed comparison between ecosystem observation and predictions.
- Published
- 2012
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- View/download PDF
277. Setup of the PMIP3 paleoclimate experiments conducted using an Earth System Model, MIROC-ESM.
- Author
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Sueyoshi, T., Ohgaito, R., Yamamoto, A., Chikamoto, M. O., Hajima, T., Okajima, H., Yoshimori, M., Abe, M., O'ishi, R., Saito, F., Watanabe, S., Kawamiya1, M., and Abe-Ouchi, A.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC models ,PALEOCLIMATOLOGY ,CLIMATE change ,GLACIAL climates ,MATHEMATICAL models of atmospheric circulation ,CLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
The article presents a study that investigates the effectiveness of Earth System Model (ESM) in determining carbon-cycle climate feedback and the future climate. It describes the method of the study that analyzes the paleoclimate experiments proposed by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. It notes the result of the study, which shows that the complexity of the model requires various steps to correctly configure the experiments.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
278. The Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP): overview and description of models, simulations and climate diagnostics.
- Author
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Lamarque, J.-F., Shindell, D. T., Josse, B., Young, P. J., Cionni, I., Eyring, V., Bergmann, D., Cameron-Smith, P., Collins, W. J., Doherty, R., Dalsoren, S., Faluvegi, G., Folberth, G., Ghan, S. J., Horowitz, L. W., Lee, Y. H., MacKenzie, I. A., Nagashima, T., Naik, V., and Plummer, D.
- Subjects
SIMULATION methods & models ,ATMOSPHERIC chemistry ,ATMOSPHERIC models ,MATHEMATICAL models of atmospheric circulation ,CLIMATOLOGY ,MODELS & modelmaking ,EDUCATION - Abstract
The article focuses on the different simulation methods used in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP). The study introduces several simulation approaches to determine the long-term changes in the atmospheric composition between 1850 and 2100 though the ACCMIP project. It outlines the result of the study, which indicates that the present-day climate diagnostics are consistent with the state-of-the-art climate models.
- Published
- 2012
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279. Satellite-based assessment of climate controls on US burned area.
- Author
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Morton, D. C., Collatz, G. J., Wang, D., Randerson, J. T., Giglio, L., and Chen, Y.
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL engineering ,FIRE ,EVAPORATION (Meteorology) ,CLIMATOLOGY ,DATABASES ,COMBUSTION ,STATISTICAL correlation - Abstract
Climate regulates fire activity through the buildup and drying of fuels and the conditions for fire ignition and spread. Understanding the dynamics of contemporary climate-fire relationships at national and sub-national scales is critical to assess the likelihood of changes in future fire activity and the potential options for mitigation and adaptation. Here, we conducted the first national assessment of climate controls on US fire activity using two satellite-based estimates of monthly burned area (BA), the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED, 1997-2010) and Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS, 1984-2009) BA products. For each US National Climate Assessment (NCA) region, we analyzed the relationships between monthly BA and potential evaporation (PE) derived from reanalysis climate data at 0.5° resolution. US fire activity increased over the past 25 yr, with statistically significant increases in MTBS BA for entire US and the Southeast and Southwest NCA regions. Monthly PE was strongly correlated with US fire activity, yet the climate driver of PE varied regionally. Fire season temperature and shortwave radiation were the primary controls on PE and fire activity in the Alaska, while water deficit (precipitation - PE) was strongly correlated with fire activity in the Plains regions and Northwest US. BA and precipitation anomalies were negatively correlated in all regions, although fuel-limited ecosystems in the Southern Plains and Southwest exhibited positive correlations with longer lead times (6-12 months). Fire season PE in- creased from the 1980s-2000s, enhancing climate-driven fire risk in the southern and western US where PE-BA correlations were strongest. Spatial and temporal patterns of increasing fire season PE and BA during the 1990s-2000s highlight the potential sensitivity of US fire activity to climate change in coming decades. However, climate-fire relationships at the national scale are complex, based on the diversity of fire types, ecosystems, and ignition sources within each NCA region. Changes in the seasonality or magnitude of climate anomalies are therefore unlikely to result in uniform changes in US fire activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
280. The 2011 marine heat wave off southwest Australia.
- Author
-
Rose, T. H., Smale, D. A., and Botting, G.
- Subjects
HEAT waves (Meteorology) ,CLIMATOLOGY ,SEAWATER ,CORAL bleaching ,INVERTEBRATES - Abstract
Over 2000km of Western Australian coastline experienced a significant marine heat wave in February and March 2011. Seawater temperature anomalies of +2-4 °C were recorded at a number of locations and satellite-derived SSTs were the highest on record. Here, we present seawater temperatures from southwestern Australia and describe, in detail, the marine climatology of Cockburn Sound; a large, multiple-use coastal embayment. We compared temperature and dissolved oxygen levels in 2011 with data from routine monitoring conducted from 2002-2010. A significant warming event, 2-4 °C in magnitude, persisted for >8 weeks, and seawater temperatures at 10 to 20m depth were significantly higher than those recorded in the previous 9 yr. Dissolved oxygen levels were depressed at most monitoring sites, being †2mgl-1 lower than usual in early March 2011. Ecological responses to short-term extreme events are poorly understood, but evidence from elsewhere along the Western Australian coastline suggests that the heat wave was associated with high rates of coral bleaching, fish, invertebrate and macroalgae mortalities, and algal blooms. However, more ecological information from Cockburn Sound and other multiple-use embayments is urgently needed. The 2011 heat wave provided insights into conditions that may become more prevalent in Cockburn Sound, and elsewhere, if the intensity and frequency of short-term extreme events increases as predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
281. The CORA dataset: validation and diagnostics of ocean temperature and salinity in situ measurements.
- Author
-
Cabanes, C., Grouazel, A., von Schuckmann, K., Hamon, M., Turpin, V., Coatanoan, C., Guinehut, S., Boone, C., Ferry, N., Reverdin, G., Pouliquen, S., and Le Traon, P.-Y.
- Subjects
OCEAN temperature ,SALINITY ,OCEANOGRAPHY ,CORIOLIS force ,CLIMATOLOGY ,QUALITY control ,GLOBAL Ocean Observing System - Abstract
The French program Coriolis as part of the French oceanographic operational system produces the COriolis dataset for Re-Analysis (CORA) on a yearly basis which is based on temperature and salinity measurements on observed levels from different data types. The latest release of CORA covers the period 1990 to 2010. To qualify this dataset, several tests have been developed to improve in a homogeneous way the quality of the raw dataset and to fit the level required by the physical ocean re-analysis activities (assimilation and validation). These include some simple tests, climatological tests and a model background check based on a global ocean reanalysis. Visual qual ity control (QC) is performed on all suspicious temperature (T ) and salinity (S) profiles identified by the tests and quality flags are modified in the dataset if necessary. In addition, improved diagnostic tools were developed - including global ocean indicators - which give information on the potential and quality of the CORA dataset for all applications. This Coriolis product is available on request through the MyOcean Service Desk (http://www.myocean.eu/). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
282. Volcano impacts on climate and biogeochemistry in a coupled carbon-climate model.
- Author
-
Rothenberg, D., Mahowald, N., Lindsay, K., Doney, S. C., Moore, J. K., and Thornton, P.
- Subjects
VOLCANIC eruptions ,BIOGEOCHEMISTRY ,CLIMATOLOGY ,SIMULATION methods & models - Abstract
The article presents a study on volcanic eruptions' impacts on biogeochemistry and climate in a coupled carbon-climate model. The study compared Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3) with direct observations of Mount Pinatubo eruption in 1991. It notes that the test could be conducted with no control simulation in instances where running separate ensembles without and with volcanic eruptions was not practical.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
283. Exploring earth's atmosphere with radio occultation: contributions to weather, climate and space weather.
- Author
-
Anthes, R. A.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC research ,OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy) ,CLIMATOLOGY ,SPACE environment ,METEOROLOGY - Abstract
The article presents a study which explores the significance of radio occultation (RO) in profiling the Earth's atmosphere. The theoritical probabilities of RO have been highlighted which provides accurate profiles of electron density in the ionosphere and refractivity in the stratosphere and troposphere. The RO missions as well as its applications are summarized.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
284. Development and evaluation of CNRM Earth-System model - CNRM-ESM1.
- Author
-
Séférian, R., Delire, C., Decharme, B., Voldoire, A., Salas y Melia, D., Chevallier, M., Saint-Martin, D., Aumont, O., Calvet, J.-C., Carrer, D., Douville, H., Franchistéguy, L., Joetzjer, E., and Sénési, S.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC models ,CARBON cycle ,CLIMATE change models ,EARTH system science ,MODELS & modelmaking ,CLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
We introduce and document the first version of the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques Earth system model (CNRM-ESM1). This model is based on the physical core of the CNRM-CM5 model and employs the Interactions between Soil, Bio-sphere and Atmosphere (ISBA) module and the Pelagic Interaction Scheme for Carbon and Ecosystem Studies (PISCES) as terrestrial and oceanic components of the global carbon cycle. We describe a preindustrial and 20th century climate simulation following the CMIP5 protocol. We detail how the various carbon reservoirs were initialized and analyze the behavior of the carbon cycle and its prominent physical drivers. CNRM-ESM1 reproduces satisfactorily several aspects of the modern carbon cycle. On land, the model reasonably captures the carbon cycling through vegetation and soil, resulting in a net terrestrial carbon sink of 2.2 PgCy
-1 . In the ocean, the large-scale distribution of hydrodynamical and biogeochemical tracers agrees well with a modern climatology from the World Ocean Atlas. The combination of biological and physical processes induces a net CO2 uptake of 1.7 PgCy-1 that falls within the range of recent estimates. Our analysis shows that the atmospheric climate of CNRM-ESM1 compares well with that of CNRM-CM5. Biases in precipitation and shortwave radiation over the Tropics generate errors in gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration. Compared to CNRM-CM5, the revised ocean-sea ice coupling has modified the sea-ice cover and ocean ventilation, unrealistically strengthening the flow of North Atlantic deep water (26.1±2 Sv). It results in an accumulation of anthropogenic carbon in the deep ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
285. Rapid assessment of cyclone damage using NPP-VIIRS DNB and ancillary data
- Author
-
Soma Sarkar
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Population ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Population density ,NPP-VIIRS DNB ,Natural hazard ,Night-time lights ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Natural disaster ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,Cyclone ‘AMPHAN’ ,Original Paper ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,education.field_of_study ,Rapid assessment ,Ancillary data ,Rapid damage assessment ,Climatology ,Environmental science ,Cyclone - Abstract
Rapid damage assessment of natural disasters is essential for the fast recovery and strategic post-disaster reconstructions. In the present study, National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) day/night band (DNB)-extracted night-time lights (NTL) data were explored for damage assessment caused by extremely severe cyclonic storm ‘AMPHAN’ that struck one of the most populous regions in India. The disaster impact was measured on two parameters: population and crop land area, where NTL density and population density were found to be strongly correlated (r2 > 0.8). From power outage intensity, three ‘crisis zones’ indicating the severity of cyclone damage were identified. Finally, the assessment found that the total affected population and crop land area were nearly 70% and 66%, respectively, of the study area. Therefore, NPP-VIIRS DNB image-based rapid damage assessment is potentially a useful tool for generating first hand information about the physical damages caused by extreme events. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s11069-020-04477-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2021
286. Taking a trauma and adversity perspective to climate change mental health.
- Author
-
O’Donnell, Meaghan and Palinkas, Lawrence
- Subjects
CLIMATE change & health ,CLIMATOLOGY ,CLIMATE change ,EMOTIONAL trauma - Abstract
Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
287. Call for Papers: Sustainability and Climate Change.
- Author
-
Venkatesan, Madhavi
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,SUSTAINABILITY ,CLIMATOLOGY ,SUSTAINABLE development ,BIBLIOGRAPHIC databases ,SUSTAINABLE development reporting - Abstract
B I Sustainability and Climate Change i b is a peer-reviewed publication dedicated to furthering the science of sustainability, sustainable development, and climate change. Graph: scc.2021.29000.cfp figure1.jpg The editorial team of B I Sustainability and Climate Change i b invites you to submit your manuscript for consideration. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
288. The Arctic Rivers Project: Using an Equitable Co‐Production Framework for Integrating Meaningful Community Engagement and Science to Understand Climate Impacts.
- Author
-
Herman‐Mercer, Nicole, Andre, Alestine, Buschman, Victoria, Blaskey, Dylan, Brooks, Cassandra, Cheng, Yifan, Combs, Evelynn, Cozzetto, Karen, Fitka, Serena, Koch, Joshua, Lawlor, Aine, Moses, Elizabeth, Murray, Emily, Mutter, Edda, Newman, Andrew J., Prince, Charles, Salmon, Patricia, Tlen, Jenessa, Toohey, Ryan, and Williams, Michael
- Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY ,ARCTIC climate ,GLOBAL warming ,ADVISORY boards ,COMMUNITY involvement ,TRADITIONAL knowledge ,CLIMATE change ,CLASSIFICATION of fish - Abstract
As the Arctic and its rivers continue to warm, a better understanding of the possible future impacts on people would benefit from close partnership with Indigenous communities and scientists from diverse fields of study. We present efforts by the Arctic Rivers Project to conduct community‐engaged research to increase collective understanding of the historical and potential future impacts of climate change on rivers, fish, and Indigenous communities. Working in central to northern Alaska and the Yukon Territory in Canada, the project seeks to engage with Indigenous communities in ethical and equitable ways to produces science that is useful, useable, and used that may serve as an example for future research efforts. Toward this goal, we formed an Indigenous Advisory Council and together developed project‐specific knowledge co‐production protocols. This paper provides a novel model of design and implementation to co‐produce knowledge with communities across a large study domain. Plain Language Summary: The Arctic and rivers located in the Arctic and subarctic are warming due to climate change. To understand the impacts this warming will have on people, partnering with impacted Indigenous communities in the region is important. It is also important that these partnerships are ethical and equitable and produce science that is actionable. This paper discusses efforts undertaken by a specific project, the Arctic Rivers Project, to conduct ethical and equitable research with Indigenous communities and generate science that is useful to those communities. Through this research our goal is to better understand potential future impacts of climate change on rivers, fish, and Indigenous communities in central northern Alaska and the Yukon Territory in Canada. To achieve this goal, the project formed an Indigenous Advisory Council (IAC) and together developed guidelines for how we can work collaboratively with Indigenous communities. Our specific process of forming an IAC and guidelines is, to our knowledge, a new way to approach collaborative research when working across a large geographic area. We present our process here so that it may provide an example for other research efforts. Key Points: Arctic climate information can be made useful, useable, and used by equitably accounting for diverse community adaptation needs through knowledge co‐productionInstitutional and community capacity, including means and ability, is necessary for equitable knowledge co‐production to occurWe present an approach for co‐producing knowledge with Indigenous communities that can serve as an example for other scientific efforts [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
289. Comment on the paper ‘dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel’ by J. G. Charney
- Author
-
E. A. Ripley
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Climatology ,Environmental science - Published
- 1976
290. Gendered response and risk‐coping capacity to climate variability for sustained food security in Northern Cameroon
- Author
-
Molua, Ernest L.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
291. A twelve-year high-resolution climatology of atmospheric water transport on the Tibetan Plateau.
- Author
-
Curio, J., Maussion, F., and Scherer, D.
- Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY ,HYDROLOGIC cycle ,METEOROLOGICAL precipitation ,ATMOSPHERIC circulation - Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a key role in the water cycle of High Asia and its downstream regions. The respective influence of the Indian and East Asian summer monsoon on TP precipitation and the regional water resources, together with the detection of moisture transport pathways and source regions are subject of recent research. In this study we present a twelve-year high-resolution climatology of the atmospheric water transport (AWT) on and towards the TP, using a new dataset, the High Asia Reanalysis (HAR), which better represents the complex topography of the TP and surrounding high mountain ranges than coarse resolution datasets. We focus on spatio temporal patterns, vertical distribution and transport through the TP boundaries. The results show that the mid-latitude westerlies have a higher share in summertime AWT on the TP than assumed so far. Water vapour (WV) transport constitute the main part, whereby transports of water as cloud particles (CP) play also a role in winter in the Karakoram and western Himalayan regions. High mountain valleys in the Himalayas facilitate AWT from the south whereas the high mountain regions inhibit the AWT to a large extend and limit the influence of the Indian summer monsoon. No transport from the East Asian monsoon to the TP could be detected. Our results show that 40% of the atmospheric moisture needed for precipitation comes from outside the TP, while the remaining 60% are provided by local moisture recycling. How far precipitation variability can be explained by variable moisture supply has to be studied in future research by analysing the atmospheric dynamic and moisture recycling more in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
292. SO2 noontime peak phenomenon in the North China Plain.
- Author
-
Xu, W. Y., Zhao, C. S., Ran, L., Lin, W. L., Yan, P., and Xu, X. B.
- Subjects
SULFUR dioxide ,ATMOSPHERIC chemistry ,SULFUR cycle ,CLOUD physics ,ATMOSPHERIC transport ,CLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
Frequent SO
2 noontime peak phenomenon was discovered in a detailed analysis on the SO2 concentrations in the North China Plain (NCP). The possible causes and their contributions are analysed. The impacts of such a phenomenon on the sulphur cycle were studied and the implications of the phenomenon for atmospheric chemistry, cloud physics and climate were discussed. Different from the common SO2 diurnal patterns with high nighttime concentrations, NCP witnessed high frequencies of SO2 noontime peaks, with an occurrence frequency of 50-72% at the four stations. Downmixing of elevated pollution layers, plume transport processes, mountain-valley-winds and fog/high RH haze events were the possible causes. The contribution of each process varies from each other and from station to station, however, neither of those four processes can be neglected. SO2 peaks occurring during noontime instead of nighttime will lead to a 13-35% increase in sulphur dry deposition, 9-23% increase in gas phase oxidation and 8-33% increase in aqueous phase conversions, which will increase the hygroscopicity and the light scattering of aerosols, thus having important impacts on atmospheric chemistry, cloud physics and climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
293. Mechanism for potential strengthening of Atlantic overturning prior to collapse.
- Author
-
Ehlert, D. and Levermann, A.
- Subjects
MERIDIONAL overturning circulation ,WATER vapor transport ,CLIMATOLOGY ,CLIMATE change mathematical models ,EDDIES ,SIMULATION methods & models ,CONCEPTUAL models - Abstract
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) carries large amounts of heat into the North Atlantic influencing climate regionally as well as globally. Paleorecords and simulations with comprehensive climate models suggest that the positive saltadvection feedback may yield a threshold behaviour of the system. That is to say that beyond a certain amount of freshwater flux into the North Atlantic, no meridional overturning circulation can be sustained. Concepts of monitoring the AMOC and identifying its vicinity to the threshold rely on the fact that the volume flux defining the AMOC will be reduced when approaching the threshold. Here we advance conceptual models that have been used in a paradigmatic way to understand the AMOC, by introducing a density-dependent parameterization for the Southern Ocean eddies. This additional degree of freedom uncovers a mechanism by which the AMOC can increase with additional freshwater flux into the North Atlantic, before it reaches the threshold and collapses: an AMOC that is mainly wind-driven will have a constant upwelling as long as the Southern Ocean winds do not change significantly. The downward transport of tracers occurs either in the northern sinking regions or through Southern Ocean eddies. If freshwater is transported, either atmospherically or via horizontal gyres, from the low-to high-latitudes, this would reduce the eddy transport and by continuity increase the northern sinking which defines the AMOC until a threshold is reached at which the AMOC cannot be sustained. If dominant in the real ocean this mechanism would have significant consequences for monitoring the AMOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
294. Terrestrial Planets Comparative Climatology (TPCC) mission concept
- Author
-
Leslie K. Tamppari, Tibor Kremic, Larry W. Esposito, Scott D. Guzewich, Aymeric Spiga, Kandis Lea Jessup, Brian J. Drouin, Amanda Brecht, Armin Kleinböhl, Richard R. Hofer, Michael A. Mischna, Kevin H. Baines, and Nicholas M. Schneider
- Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,biology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Venus ,Mars Exploration Program ,biology.organism_classification ,White paper ,Planetary science ,Climatology ,Environmental science ,Terrestrial planet ,Instrumentation (computer programming) ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Planetary Science Decadal Survey ,Solar variation ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
The authors and co-signers of the Terrestrial Planets Comparative Climatology (TPCC) mission concept white paper advocate that planetary science in the next decade would greatly benefit from comparatively studying the fundamental behavior of the atmospheres of Venus and Mars, contemporaneously and with the same instrumentation, to capture atmospheric response to the same solar forcing, and with a minimum of instrument-related variability. Thus, this white paper was created for the 2023-2032 Planetary Science Decadal Survey process. It describes the science rationale for such a mission, and a mission concept that could achieve such a mission., 8 pages including cover page with one figure on cover page
- Published
- 2020
295. Impact of satellite viewing swath width on global and regional aerosol optical thickness statistics and trends.
- Author
-
Colarco, P. R., Kahn, R. A., Remer, L. A., and Levy, R. C.
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL satellites ,AEROSOLS ,MODIS (Spectroradiometer) ,EARTH (Planet) ,CLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
We use the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite aerosol optical thickness (AOT) product to assess the impact of reduced swath width on global and regional AOT statistics and trends. Ten different sampling strategies are employed, in which the full MODIS dataset is sub-sampled with various narrow-swath (~400-800 km) and curtain-like (~10 km) along-track configurations. Although view-angle artifacts in the MODIS AOT retrieval confound direct comparisons between averages derived from different sub-samples, careful analysis shows that with many portions of the Earth essentially unobserved, the AOT statistics of these sub-samples exhibit significant regional and seasonal biases. These AOT spatial sampling artifacts comprise up to 60% of the full-swath AOT value under moderate aerosol loading, and can be as large as 0.1 in some regions under high aerosol loading. Compared to fullswath observations, narrower swaths exhibit a reduced ability to detect AOT trends with statistical significance, and for curtain-like sampling we do not find any statistically significant decadal-scale trends at all. An across-track sampling strategy obviates the MODIS view angle artifact, and its mean AOT converges to the full-swath mean values for sufficiently coarse spatial and temporal aggregation. Nevertheless, across-track sampling has significant seasonal-regional sampling artifacts, leading to biases comparable to the curtain-like along-track sampling, lacks sufficient coverage to assign statistical significance to aerosol trends, and is not achievable with an actual narrow-swath or curtain-like instrument. These results suggest that future aerosol satellite missions having significantly less than full-swath viewing are unlikely to sample the true AOT distribution well enough to determine decadal-scale trends or to obtain the statistics needed to reduce uncertainty in aerosol direct forcing of climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
296. Arkansas Students Collect 6 Tons of Paper, Encourage Recycling.
- Author
-
Bratton, Joanne
- Subjects
- *
WASTE recycling , *PAPER , *SANITARY landfills , *HIGH school students , *GLOBAL warming , *CLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
The article reports on Flippin High School students who saved 100 trees by collecting six tons of paper as part of their school's month-long recycling campaign that aims to keep the community beautiful and eliminate landfill waste. It was also participated by Wal-Mart that donated indoor recycling containers for plastic bottles. The recycling program is also an advocacy to educate humans regarding their impact on global warming and how the climate is changing.
- Published
- 2008
297. Towards an organizational model based on the human being seen as an allopoietic gray box information processor.
- Author
-
Tarride, Mario Iván
- Subjects
INSTITUTIONAL environment ,CLIMATOLOGY ,SOCIAL impact ,NERVOUS system ,ORGANIZATIONAL research ,INFORMATION processing - Abstract
Purpose: The paper aims to contribute conceptually to the conversation about organizational models and to the future development of an organizational diagnostic method, based on the human being seen as an allopoietic information processing gray box. Design/methodology/approach: Methodologically, the approach is qualitative and interpretative, using the concepts of autopoiesis and allopoiesis of H. Maturana and F. Varela, the ideas of cybernetic machine, black box and functional homomorphism of W.R. Ashby, moving from the human being to the organizations producing goods and/or services. Findings: Observing the human being as an allopoietic gray box allowed us to confirm the human being as an information-producing entity and the nervous system as its productive component. The functions distinguished were to emote, feel, perceive, think, memorize, decide, communicate, regulate, control, coordinate and move. Similarly, the proposed organizational model is composed of the same functions in which emoting is homologated with distributed leadership for the achievement of the organizational climate and to move with production. Notwithstanding the circularity of affectation between the functional components, the climate is the basis of organizational operation and consequently, the decisional closure distributed between owners and employees. Research limitations/implications: This is a theoretical proposal that needs to be discussed, and although there are precedents that could help in this regard, it is essential to enrich the model and derive thereof specific tools that can be applied. Practical implications: A general model is provided from which methods of organizational design, diagnosis and treatment could be derived. Social implications: The proposed model is expected to be a contribution to organizational research discussion. Originality/value: It is considered that the work has a certain degree of originality when proposing a functional organizational model of a general nature, based on the emotionality of the people that constitute it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
298. 16 Pay your bills online.
- Author
-
Buechner, Maryanne Murray
- Subjects
GLOBAL warming ,CLIMATOLOGY ,ELECTRONIC billing ,PAPER & the environment ,INTERNET security - Abstract
This article urges readers to pay bills online as a way to combat global warming. Electronic statements reduce paper consumption and the fuel consumption needed to transport paper checks. Statistics are presented about paper usage and emissions on the United States, and a discussion is presented about online security.
- Published
- 2007
299. A note on the paper ‘on the influence of synoptic development on the production of high level turbulence’
- Author
-
W. T. Roach and R. Dixon
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Meteorology ,Turbulence ,Climatology ,Production (economics) ,Environmental science - Published
- 1970
300. On the water and hear balance of the norwegian and greenland seas (apropos the paper by G.N. Zaitsev ‘the heat balance of the norwegian andgreenland seas, and factors governing it’)
- Author
-
V.V. Rossov
- Subjects
Oceanography ,Balance (accounting) ,Heat balance ,Climatology ,General Engineering ,language ,Environmental science ,Norwegian ,language.human_language - Published
- 1963
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