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A comparative technological study of wines from four seedless coloured hybrid vine forms-30/2, 30/3, 30/10, 31/9 and the varieties-Syrah clone 174, Sangiovese, Marselan and Regent. It was found that on the content of trans-resveratrol, quercetin and antioxidant activity of wine, all studied hybrid forms are superior to Sangiovese and inferior to Syrah-clone 174. With a high degree of balance and stability of environmental conditions of the varieties are Syrah-clone 174, Marselan and Regent, and of the hybrid forms-30/10 and 30/2. Various representatives of the volatile aromatic composition have been identified in the studied wines, belonging to the groups of higher alcohols, esters and terpenes, acetaldehyde and methanol. The total quantitative presence of volatile compounds is higher in the wines of the hybrid forms compared to those of the control varieties. The content of sugars and acids in grapes, and alcohol and sugars in wine in hybrid forms and varieties does not differ significantly. The amounts of extract, titratable acids, anthocyanins are higher in hybrid forms. The highest amount of total phenols is observed in the wine of 30/10-3295.66 mg/dm³, and the lowest in Sangiovese-2060.91 mg/dm3 . With the highest organoleptic evaluation is the wine from Syrah clone 174-86.0, and from the seedless coloured hybrid forms are 30/10-83.0 and 30/3-80.0. It is possible through staged sexual hybridization to create seedless coloured varieties suitable for the production of quality wines, characterized by high taste characteristics, nutritional and medicinal value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative biometric characterization of the organs in the female part of the flower was performed in a large group of seedless varieties of vines. It has been established that, depending on the degree of their biometric similarity at the base of the inflorescence, the studied seedless varieties of vines form six generalized clusters, three in the middle and five in the upper parts - at the top, the majority of which consist of sub-clusters, gathered at the respective Euclidean distance. The use of the two mathematical-statistical methods - hierarchical cluster analysis and single-factor analysis of variance allows the obtaining of statistically reliable information about the importance of the individual components of the vine flower in the grouping of the seedless varieties of vines. The established differences in the parameters of the organs from the female part of the flower confirm the non-simultaneous morphological and cytoembryological development of the flower buttons depending on the variety, as well as the enormous polymorphism in this group of varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative phenological evaluation of a group of 32 vine varieties for white wines has been carried out. It has been found through the application of cluster analysis, PCA and factor analysis that, depending on the duration of the separate phenophases and periods in days, the studied varieties are grouped into four clusters. The phenological indicators are transformed into three factors, with a different degree of influence on the grouping of varieties, which explain 74% of the total variation. The most important for the grouping of varieties are the phenophase berry growth, and the periods flowering - berry softening and berry softening - technological maturity. In order to increase the efficiency of selection, it is advisable to cross varieties for white wines characterized by optimal phenological parameters, and belonging to clusters most remote from each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degree of the phenotypic similarity and differences between 61 seedless vine varieties was studied by grouping them according to economically important phenological, agrobiological and technological indicators. A multidimensional statistical approach is applied - a cluster analysis, which provides possibilities of establishing relatively homogeneous groups (clusters), based on a set of certain indicators. As the cluster analysis does not perform any tests for the statistical significance of the results, it is combined with a factor analysis, which provides information on the reasons leading to the distribution of the individual varieties in different clusters and the merging of others into one cluster. The applied factor analysis transformed all the studied indicators into seven main components, explaining 76% of the total variance. The transformation of these traits to the corresponding number of factors and the indicators in them, which explain that the varieties belong to the separate clusters, was established. The limits of the phenotypic similarity and differences between the studied seedless vine varieties and the conditional parameters of the polymorphism with their economically significant ampelographic characteristics were determined. The presented grouping can be used for taxonomic purposes, as well as in the selection to create new seedless vine varieties. By applying targeted agro-technical measures, the desired change in the indicators of the first and second factors in the individual groups of traits can be actively influenced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative mathematical analysis of economically important ampelographic indicators was performed in 32 local, introduced and newly bred white wine vine varieties. It was found that depending on the similarity and remoteness of the values of the studied indicators, the varieties are grouped into three generalized clusters. In the first, the varieties are characterized by a longer budding period and relatively lower productivity. In the second, they have similarities in the length of the budding period, long period of budding - technological maturity, moderate productivity, and close content of volatile acids in the wine. In the third, the newly bred two varieties Gergana and Misket Markovski, which are the most fertile and productive and with the smallest number of seeds in the berries. There is a high variability of the individual white wine varieties according to the studied economically valuable indicators. The indicators of bunch length and average weight per 100 berries have a stronger direct effect on the formation of the yield in individual varieties, and the average bunch weight, bunch width, percentage of mesocarp in berries, berry length and width, as well as the theoretical yield significantly affect indirectly the productivity of vines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study has been conducted on the antioxidant content and antioxidant activity in raisins from seedless hybrid varieties of vines with coloured grape juice. It has been found that the amounts of trans-resveratrol and quercetin as well as their antioxidant activity in raisins from the seedless coloured hybrid forms almost always mathematically exceed the levels of these indicators in the raisins of the Gamay Freaux, Black Corinth and Sangiovese grape varieties. It has been shown that 54% of the change in antioxidant activity is due to changes in the content of transresveratrol and 42% of quercetin. The applied mathematical models enable the theoretical study of the chemical composition of raisins of different grape varieties through the analytical forms of the proven relationships between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]