Search

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to validate the Interoceptive Sensitivity and Attention Questionnaire (ISAQ), a 17-item self-report measure assessing sensitivity and attention to interoceptive signals. METHODS: In study 1, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed in a student convenience sample (n = 1868). In study 2, ISAQ data of a healthy sample (n = 144) and various patient groups experiencing stress-related syndromes (overstrain, n = 63; burnout, n = 37; panic disorder [PD]. n = 60) and/or persistent somatic symptoms in daily life (irritable bowel syndrome, n = 38; fibromyalgia and/or chronic fatigue syndrome, n = 151; medically unexplained dyspnea [MUD], n = 29) were compared. RESULTS: Three subscales were revealed: (F1) sensitivity to neutral bodily sensations, (F2) attention to unpleasant bodily sensations, and (F3) difficulty disengaging from unpleasant bodily sensations. Overall, patients with fibromyalgia and/or chronic fatigue syndrome and patients with MUD scored significantly higher on F1 (p = .009 and p = .027, respectively) and F2 (p = .002 and p < .001, respectively) than healthy controls. Patients with PD had higher scores on subscales F2 (p < .001) and F3 (p < .001) compared with healthy controls, as well as higher scores on F2 compared with all other patient groups (pPD versus MUD = .008; all other p values < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Interoceptive sensibility-the self-reported aspect of interoception-is not a homogeneous or unitary construct. The subscales of the ISAQ differentiate healthy controls from patients with persistent somatic and/or stress-related complaints in daily life and distinguish different patient groups. The ISAQ can be used as a concise, reliable, and clinically relevant research tool to further disentangle adaptive and maladaptive aspects of interoceptive ability. ispartof: Psychosomatic Medicine vol:84 issue:2 pages:1-35 ispartof: location:United States status: Published online

Exposure to traumatic events can lead to various types of emotional distress. Aside from the exposure itself, numerous factors are relevant for the development of emotional distress following a traumatic event. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between the six HEXACO personality traits and PTSD symptoms, stress, and negative affect following traumatic cues. Two hundred and forty-nine participants (N = 249) completed demographic and personality-trait questionnaires. An hour after filling out those questionnaires, the participants watched a 3-minute video clip of a series of terror attacks. After watching the video clip, they filled out PTSD-symptom, perceived-stress, and negative-affect questionnaires. Structural-equation-model analyses showed that PTSD symptoms were positively associated with past trauma, negatively associated with honesty-humility, positively associated with emotionality, and negatively associated with extraversion. Stress was positively associated with emotionality, negatively associated with extraversion, and negatively associated with agreeableness. Negative affect was negatively associated with honesty-humility, positively associated with emotionality, negatively associated with extraversion, and negatively associated with agreeableness. In addition, positive relationships were found between PTSD symptoms and stress, PTSD symptoms and negative affect, and stress and negative affect. This study demonstrates the importance of HEXACO personality traits in coping with numerous aspects of emotional distress following trauma exposure.

某大企業の20歳代から60歳代の営業マン66人を対象に, 3日間の自覚症状, 食物摂取状況, 日常生活状況を調査した。1) 自覚症状数の平均は9.3±7.8であった。また自覚症状数が10.0～14.9のグループの平均年齢は31.2±5.3歳で, 他のグループに比し有意に低かった。2) 自覚症状数を10未満の者と10以上の者の2群に分けて日常生活状況を調べてみると, 10未満のほうが, 夜食はしない, また時々すると答えた者, 食事の量は毎日腹八分目に食べていると答えた者が, 10以上の群に比べ有意に多かった。3) 食品群別摂取量では, 自覚症状数が10未満の群のほうが魚介類, 乳類, 緑黄色野菜, その他の野菜, 果実の摂取が多い傾向にあり, 特に緑黄色野菜では10以上の群に比べ有意に摂取量は多かった。4) 栄養素等摂取量では, 自覚症状数が10未満の群が10以上の群に比べ, カルシウム, レチノール, カロテン, ビタミンA効力, ビタミンB2, ビタミンCの摂取が多い傾向がみられたが, 統計的な有意差は認められなかった。

Introduction There are no studies on psychological correlates on Probation Officers/PO in Portugal. Objectives analyze levels of depressive/anxiety symptoms, stress, coping and resilience in a PO sample; explore differences in these variables by gender, marital status, Regional Delegation and types of competences and associations between these variables and sociodemographic/professional variables. Methods 89 PO (females, 75.3 %; M = 47.4/SD = 7.10/range = 27-61) completed a sociodemographic-professional questionnaire, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale/DASS-21, the Brief COPE and the Scale to assess Resilience. Results Women presented higher levels of Use of Instrumental and Emotional Support. Professionals from the Centre Delegation had higher scores on Resilience vs. the North Delegation; from the North Delegation had higher levels of Stress vs. the South and Islands Delegation; with mixed competence had higher levels of Anxiety vs. with specific competence. In the total sample, Depression was associated with Denial and Substances Use. In males, Use of Emotional Support and Instrumental Support correlated with Depression and Anxiety. In all Delegations, Resilience higher levels correlated with more positive coping strategies and Depression, Anxiety and Stresshigher levels with lower levels of positive coping strategies and higher levels of negative coping strategies. Anxiety higher levels, either in mixed and specific competence teams correlated with higher levels of negative coping strategies. Conclusions Differences found accentuate aspects to address in an intervention with these professionals. Resilience higher levels were associated, as in other professionals, with more positive coping strategies and higher levels of symptoms with more negative coping strategies.

Introduction The vulnerability-stress model assumes that psychotic symptoms emerge from the interaction between stress, basic symptoms and information processing deficits. Despite the large amount of data on first episode psychosis, this particular topic has been investigated to a minor extent in patients readmitted to acute psychiatric wards. Objectives To assess the association between basic symptoms and subjective stress, life events, and executive functions. Aims To identify the factors associated to basic symptoms during relapses. Methods Patients affected by schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar disorder according to DSM-IV TR were recruited from the acute psychiatric wards of two University Hospitals in Rome. They were evaluated through: a) Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire (FCQ); b) Stress-related Vulnerability Scale (SVS); c) Paykel Interview for Recent Life Events (IRLE); d) Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Results Forty-nine patients were enrolled (65% women; mean age 42.7 ± 10.5 years; education 12.4 ± 3.2 years; disease duration 17.6 ± 11.4; 63% affected by bipolar disorder). Basic symptoms were positively associated to SVS total score (rho = 0.66, p Conclusions Preliminary results of this study show that basic symptoms are positively associated to perceived stress and marital life events, while negatively associated to executive functions, during psychotic relapses.