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Abstracts: COVID-19 pandemic has been depicted to possess a robust association with psychological disorders. SARS-CoV-2 is the most recent virus of the coronavirus family and has the potential to bind the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) receptor. The receptor is mainly present peripherally and to some extent in the brain. Different psychological and neurodegenerative disorders can arise due to the peripheral origin of destruction. These triggers could be inflammatory pathways releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines reaching the brain and causing neuroinflammation. In continuation with traditional viruses, SARS-CoV-2 too might lead to brain diseases like meningitis, encephalitis, etc. Besides, several peripheral hormonal changes like cortisol can influence neurochemical alterations, thereby inflicting mood-related activities and psychological phenomena. In this regard, health care workers, frontline line warriors and relatives of COVID-19 patients can be the secondary victims; however, patients with COVID-19 remain the primary ones prone to neurological health problems. Several strategies like socialization, engagement, physical activity, etc., are well-opted measures to get relief from and check psychiatric disturbances. The worth of this review can be attributed to the understanding of brain-related mechanisms of COVID-19 in the context of its mechanism of action to create the pathology pertaining to brain disorder, precisely psychological devastation. Likewise, its epidemiological relevance has concisely been mentioned. Furthermore, different categories and classes of people prone to psychological deterioration are briefly elaborated on. Lastly, some coping strategies and approaches have been discussed to minimize or combat mental health problems.

Objective/background Healthy sleep is vital for physical and psychological health, and poor sleep can result in a myriad of negative physical and psychological outcomes. Insomnia symptoms often manifest as a result of acute life stressors or changes, and COVID-19 experiences may be one such stressor. Other known predisposing factors to insomnia may moderate the impact of COVID-19 experiences on sleep. The present study aimed to determine current levels of insomnia severity in a US sample, to investigate the relation of COVID-19 experiences to insomnia symptoms, and to determine which individuals are most susceptible to this association. Methods Data were drawn from a larger online survey investigating sleep and health outcomes across the lifespan. COVID-19 experiences were assessed with the exposure and impact subscales of the CAIR Pandemic Impact Questionnaire (C-PIQ). The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) measured insomnia symptoms. Biological, psychological, and social moderators were measured using other brief self-report measures. Results Insomnia symptoms prevalence was as follows: moderate-to-severe symptoms (25.5%), subthreshold symptoms (37.7%), and no symptoms (36.7%). Individuals’ COVID-19 experiences significantly predicted insomnia symptom severity [F(1,997) = 472.92, p Conclusions Although negative experiences with COVID-19 are associated with worse insomnia symptoms, this relationship is not the same for everyone.

The recent recognition of Gaming Disorder (GD) as a mental health issue has provided a unique opportunity for researchers to advance our current understanding of the intricate relationships between GD and specific health-related factors and well-being. This study sought to investigate the role of key physical and psychological health and well-being factors in GD. To achieve this, three goals were explored. First, we tested whether GD can be predicted by health and well-being factors such as depression, anxiety, loneliness, attention problems, physical health problems (PHP), and psychological well-being (PWB). Second, we assessed the role of distress tolerance (DT) as a moderator in the relationship between PWB and GD. Third, we examined whether PWB would mediate the relationship between PHP and GD. A sample of 474 participants (Mean

Although scholarly work on the complexity of human sexuality has increasingly been a focus of scholarship, comparatively little research has focused on the phenomenon of mismatch, or discordance, between different aspects of sexuality. This study used secondary data of sexually active adults (N=116,950) from a statewide representative survey which included both a measure of sexual identity (i.e., identifying as “heterosexual”, “bisexual”, etc.) and a measure of sexual behaviors (i.e., indicating the sex of your sexual partners). Using these data, we examined the prevalence and correlates of sexual identity-behavior discordance (IBD), and also included data from bisexual-identified individuals. In support of our hypotheses, we found that sexual IBD was particularly prevalent among young-adult women. However, we did not find sex differences in the prevalence of IBD overall. Furthermore, individuals who were categorized as IBD also tended to report poorer physical health and psychological functioning than both heterosexual- and gay/lesbian-identified concordant individuals, as well as more negative behaviors typically associated with poor psychological functioning (i.e., binge drinking and suicidal ideation.) Our findings highlight the need for more sensitive instruments and measures assessing sexual orientation in both research and practice, as well as the need for continued study into the area of discordance, and particularly across other dimensions of sexuality (e.g., attraction).

The article reveals the relevance of the problem of human psychological health. In this context, psychological health is understood as a property of a mature personality, which is the result of training, development and education at each age stage of ontogenesis. A subjective well-being is considered as an index of a person’s psychological health. The article presents the results of empirical research of the interrelation between students’ subjective well-being and their meaningful life.

Introducción: El aumento del sobrepeso y de la obesidad infantil se ha ido convirtiendo en un problema mundial en el ámbito de la salud física y psicológica. Este inconveniente tiene múltiples causas, entre las que se podría incluir el estilo parental. Objetivo: Conocer las posibles relaciones entre el estilo que los padres adoptan para educar a sus hijos y el sobrepeso y obesidad infantil de estos. Método: Las variables a estudiar fueron medidas a través de la Escala de Afecto (EA) y la Escala de Normas y Exigencias, suministradas a los niños y adolescentes. Dichas pruebas fueron aplicadas a 149 participantes de entre 12 y 16 años de edad, de los cuales 24 tenían sobrepeso u obesidad. Resultados: Se hallaron diferencias significativas en los estilos educativos desde la perspectiva de los niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad o normopeso. Discusión: La percepción de los hijos sobre el estilo educativo parental no se relacionó con el peso corporal de estos.

Objetivo: Valorar la satisfacción con la vida, la vitalidad, el afecto positivo y la presencia de duelo complicado en dolientes de primer grado. Método: 26 dolientes de 19 a 73 años, hombres y mujeres, fueron evaluados mediante las Escalas de Satisfacción con la Vida, de Vitalidad y de Afecto Positivo y Negativo, y el Inventario de Duelo Complicado. Se efectuaron análisis descriptivos y se aplicaron las pruebas t de Pearson y d de Cohen para obtener correlaciones entre las variables. Resultados: Los participantes alcanzaron puntuaciones moderadas de satisfacción con la vida, vitalidad y afecto positivo, pero un gran porcentaje mostró duelo complicado, mayor en los hombres y cuando la pérdida había sido repentina. La presencia de tal duelo se asoció con una menor vitalidad y afecto positivo. Discusión: Es necesario conocer los factores de protección para desarrollar programas de intervención que incidan en ellos y favorezcan la salud física y mental de los dolientes.

Resumo: A presente artigo terá por escopo, em sua análise e objetivo, trazer uma breve reflexão acerca da “A eficácia do ECA e sua aplicação na saúde emocional e psicológica de crianças e adolescentes, buscando avaliar seus limites, alcances e possibilidades, bem como os principais fatores que tornam raras as experiências exitosas dessas medidas do ECA na consecução de seus objetivos proposto. Indagaremos a lei menino Bernardo, que diante da negligência, a situação, não exitosa, concluiu-se em um desfecho com reflexo negativo, resultando um grande impacto social. Não podemos deixar de destacar e rever os determinantes literários relacionados ao ECA no que tange a saúde emocional e psicológica do sujeito pesquisado. É sabido o reconhecimento das crianças e dos adolescentes como sujeitos de direitos protegidos pela lei. Destarte, a importância do ECA deriva exatamente disso: reafirmar a proteção de crianças e adolescentes que vivem em períodos de intenso desenvolvimento psicológico, físico, moral e social. Para tanto, ao adentrarmos no tema em questão, precisamos compreender as fases do desenvolvimento humano. Por fim, resgatará em sua síntese, qual impacto dessas medidas promovidas pelo ECA na vida de crianças e adolescente em situação de negligência e vulnerabilidade emocional e psicológica, quando bem-sucedidas em suas avaliações e aplicabilidade. Palavras-chave: ECA; Saúde Emocional; Crianças; Adolescentes. Abstract: The scope of this article, in its analysis and objective, will be to bring a brief reflection on "The effectiveness of ECA and its application in the emotional and psychological health of children and adolescents, seeking to assess its limits, scope and possibilities, as well as the main factors that make successful experiences of these ECA measures rare in achieving its proposed objectives. We will inquire about the Bernardo boy law, which, due to negligence, the situation, which was not successful, ended in an outcome with a negative impact, resulting in a great social impact. We cannot fail to highlight and review the literary determinants related to ECA regarding the emotional and psychological health of the researched subject. The recognition of children and adolescents as subjects of rights protected by law is well known. Thus, the importance of the ECA derives precisely from this: to reaffirm the protection of children and adolescents who live in periods of intense psychological, physical, moral and social development. Therefore, when we enter the subject in question, we need to understand the phases of human development. Finally, in its synthesis, it will recover the impact of these measures promoted by ECA in the lives of children and adolescents in situations of neglect and emotional and psychological vulnerability, when successful in their assessments and applicability. Keywords: ECA; Emotional Health; Kids; Teenagers.

Background: With the inclusion of Internet in daily lifestyle, it has become crucial to explore its purpose, effects on mental health and to understand the implications. As adolescence is a vulnerable age group, this study has taken Indian medical students in late adolescence to understand how Internet impacts their lives. Objectives: 1. To explore the severity of problematic Internet use ‘PIU’ in Indian medical students. 2. To assess its effects on psychological health and loneliness. 3. To correlate problematic Internet use with the purpose of use. Materials And Methods:185 first MBBS students of BMCRI (Mean age- 18.075 years) were administered 4 questionnaires- Young’s Internet Addiction test, UCLA loneliness questionnaire (Version 3), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) and a self administered questionnaire to assess purpose of Internet usage. Results: Out of 185 students, 67 were average users who showed control over their use of Internet and 118 had PIU (113 with frequent, 5 with significant problems). Significant positive correlation was found between PIU and psychological morbidity (r=0.3442, p

The present study endeavoured to evaluate the quality of life of the homeless and restored women with psychosis. The influence of their living conditions in three different psycho-social milieus and the disability levels on their Quality of Life was also examined. This study was carried out on women clients with sychosis who received medical and psycho-social care under three different programs of Iswar Sankalpa (a Kolkata - based NGO), India. Methods : A matched group design using mixed method technique was adopted for the study. The sample of 50 clients with psychosis was comprised of 16 homeless clients under the Out-reach program, 18 homeless clients under the Shelter home program and 16 previously homeless clients under the Restoration program. The sample was evaluated using the IDEAS and WHOQOL-BREF. After collection of data, statistical analysis was done using the SPSS- version 22. Results : The results mirrored that a statistically significant negative correlation exists between the clients’ disability and two domains of QOL, these are- social relationships and environment. Regarding the psychological health and environment domains of QOL, the Shelter home and the Restoration groups significantly differed from the Outreach group. The mildly disabled clients differed significantly from the severely disabled clients in respect to the social relationships domain of the QOL. Conclusion : The knowledge of specific areas of dissatisfaction in QOL of the women with psychosis may have implications for the service providers and service planners for more improved medico and psychosocial intervention.Key Words : QOL- Quality of Life, SZ- Schizophrenia.

Background Nurses are a critical component of any healthcare system. The novel coronavirus pandemic has resulted in an increased workload for nurses and heightened stress. Aims To assess the psychological health over time of nurses working during the COVID‐19 pandemic and to examine the factors associated with stress, anxiety, and psychological wellbeing. Methods Nurses enrolled in the study between 2 July and 26 August 2020 andcompleted questionnaires about stress, anxiety, and psychological wellbeing at baseline and at a second time point T2 12 weeks later. A paired sample t‐test was used to examine whether changes in stress, anxiety, and psychological wellbeing were significantly different between baseline and T2. Linear regression models examined factors associated with psychological health outcomes. Results Of the 600 nurses initially enrolled, 484 (80.7%) completed psychological health measures at T2. Stress, anxiety, and poor psychological wellbeing scores were high at baseline. Unexpectedly, stress and psychological wellbeing significantly improved between baseline and T2, while anxiety levels increased. Younger nurses had higher baseline stress and anxiety scores. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential beneficial effect of effective public health management of the COVID‐19 pandemic on nurses' stress and psychological wellbeing and highlights the importance of longitudinal research to understand psychological health in nurses.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health is an emerging problem globally. This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of chronic illnesses in the relationship between psychological health and the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, prior to the national vaccine rollout in Malaysia. An online cross-sectional study was conducted in Malaysia between December 10, 2020, and February 9, 2021. In addition to the descriptive analyses, a mediation analysis was performed to examine the mediating effect of chronic illnesses in the relationship between psychological distress and the willingness to accept the vaccine. A total of 1738 participants completed the survey. The psychological distress levels were found to be significantly different across demographic factors such as age, gender, and social economic status. This study demonstrated a partial mediating effect of chronic illnesses in the relationship between psychological distress and vaccine acceptance.

Despite extensive research on children’s psychological well-being, little consensus about gender’s influence has been reached. In response, we examined gender differences in children’s psychological well-being in mainland China, along with the gender-based risk and protective factors and their effects on psychological well-being. For a sample, we compiled data with 2466 children aged between 10 and 15 years old derived from the China Family Panel Studies. Among our results, an independent sample t test indicated that girls in China reported higher psychological well-being than boys. A multiple regression analysis revealed that certain protective factors associated with children’s competence and protective factors in their family and school systems could promote the psychological well-being of both boys and girls, while risk factors such as academic pressure and parent–child conflict were detrimental to the psychological health of all children regardless of gender. We discuss gender differences in those risk and protective effects, and with reference to our findings, we propose social service recommendations aimed at boosting the psychological well-being of children in mainland China.

Climate change is a major global public-health challenge that will have wide-ranging impacts on human psychological health and well-being. Children and adolescents are at particular risk because of their rapidly developing brain, vulnerability to disease, and limited capacity to avoid or adapt to threats and impacts. They are also more likely to worry about climate change than any other age group. Drawing on a developmental life-course perspective, we show that climate-change-related threats can additively, interactively, and cumulatively increase psychopathology risk from conception onward; that these effects are already occurring; and that they constitute an important threat to healthy human development worldwide. We then argue that monitoring, measuring, and mitigating these risks is a matter of social justice and a crucial long-term investment in developmental and mental health sciences. We conclude with a discussion of conceptual and measurement challenges and outline research priorities going forward.

Purpose There is an established literature supporting the idea that families who have children and adults who have a learning disability and/or autism have a greater vulnerability to mental health problems or poor psychological health. There are shortcomings in this literature in that there is a little consideration of the impact the families interaction with services has on their well-being. It is argued that complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), with its focus on prolonged chronic exposure to trauma experiences and the recognition that this can occur in adulthood, may well be an appropriate framework to enable a better understanding of the experiences of families. Design/methodology/approach A total of 214 family members completed a co-produced online survey in relation to potential traumatic events, impacts and support. Findings The experiences of family carers of children and adults with a learning disability and/or who are autistic would appear to be multi-layered and complex, with many experiencing a wide range of traumatic events with the associated emotional and personal sequela. The reported responses are consistent with CPTSD with 10% of having received a diagnosis of PTSD. Their experience was that the system failed not only to provide support but also created additional trauma. Practical implications A trauma-informed approach needs to be adopted by agencies and professionals that serve families to ensure they understand their potential contribution to the trauma families experience. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that has attempted to examine the experience of families using the framework of CPTSD.

Objectives To determine the association of physical activity and body image with psychological health outcomes and whether body image mediates the association of physical activity with psychological health among older female cancer survivors. Materials and Methods Data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Life and Longevity after Cancer (LILAC) Study were used. Surveys assessed body image (appearance, attractiveness, scars), moderate-strenuous physical activity (min/week), and psychological health (depression, anxiety, distress). A mediation analysis was conducted to estimate the percentage of the total effect of physical activity on psychological health mediated by body image concerns. Results Among 4567 female cancer survivors aged 66–98 years, the average time since cancer diagnosis was 9.2 years. Approximately 50% reported no moderate-strenuous physical activity; 15% reported depressive symptoms, 6% reported anxiety, and 5% reported psychological distress; 3% had concerns with appearance, 20% had concerns with attractiveness, and 21% had concerns with scars. When unadjusted for body image concerns, every 30 min/week increase in physical activity was associated with lower risk of depressive symptoms (RR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.90–0.96), anxiety (RR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.87–0.97), and distress (RR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.87–0.98). Body image concerns with appearance mediated 7%, 8.8%, and 14.5% of the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms, anxiety, and distress, respectively. Conclusion Older female cancer survivors reported body image concerns, which were associated with both physical activity and psychological health. Our findings suggest that interventions designed to address body image concerns in older female cancer survivors could serve to improve the benefit of physical activity on psychological health.

The current exploratory study sought to develop and pilot a Facebook-delivered health-promoting self-care intervention for caregivers of children with developmental disabilities (DD). Survey and focus group methods were used to gain information about the participation of caregivers of children with DD in existing Facebook support groups and their experiences related to stress, self-care, and social support that would aid in intervention development. Results were used in concert with existing guidance to determine the content and targets of the intervention. Caregivers were recruited to participate in a Facebook group-delivered intervention focused on broad areas of self-care including physical health, psychological health, social health, and work health. The Facebook group-delivered intervention, designed to target these identified areas using social support, was piloted over an 8-week period with caregivers of children with DD. Across all variables, differences from pretest to posttest were statistically significant, with small to large effect sizes.

O objetivo deste estudo é examinar a relação entre as atitudes de indivíduos com deficiência auditiva em relação ao esporte, a autoeficácia geral e a satisfação com a vida de acordo com várias variáveis. Participaram voluntariamente do estudo 108 estudantes do ensino médio, 28 do sexo feminino e 80 do masculino, com deficiência auditiva, residentes em Kayseri e estudando entre 2018-2019. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados por meio de um questionário. Os questionários foram entregues aos participantes pelo método de entrevista face a face. Um formulário de questionário composto de quatro escalas foi aplicado, "Formulário de Informações Pessoais", "Atitudes em relação ao esporte", "Auto-eficácia Geral", e "Satisfação da Vida", mostrando que os níveis gerais de autoeficácia dos deficientes auditivos relacionaram-se positivamente com o nível de satisfação com a vida. Para aumentar o nível de satisfação com a vida, especialmente os estudantes do sexo masculino com menor nível de satisfação deve ser incentivados a praticar esportes que afetem positivamente sua saúde física e psicológica, e ambientes adequados devem ser fornecidos.

The current study identifies the unique role of trait mindfulness in improving the psychological health of patients under hemodialysis. A correlational research design was employed with a sample of 221 patients under hemodialysis. Participants completed a survey about the basic demographics, psychological distress, and mindfulness. The mean age of the study participants was 51.87 years (SD = 14.00). Participants had a moderate level of psychological distress. Psychological distress was associated with various demographic and clinical variables. Mindfulness accounted for 2.6% additional variance above and beyond the 18% accounted by demographic and clinical variables. This study suggests that mindfulness may enhance the psychological health of patients under hemodialysis. Future research may want to develop an intervention that employs a mindfulness-based approach and assess its effectiveness in supporting patients under hemodialysis.

This study aimed to compare religiosity and religious coping (RC) between Brazilian and Dutch patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to examine associations with physical and psychological health. Religiosity, RC, and physical and psychological health were cross-sectionally assessed in 161 patients with COPD (74 from Brazil and 87 from the Netherlands). Brazilian participants showed the greatest religiosity (p < 0.05), and weak correlations were observed between religiosity/RC and exercise capacity and quality of life (p < 0.05 for all analyses). Brazilian patients with COPD had higher religiosity than Dutch patients, and religiosity correlated with functional exercise capacity and quality of life.

Negative social interactions have been linked to worse psychological health. However, individuals’ perceptions of negative interactions may depend on relational interdependent self-construal or how much they define the self in terms of their close relationships. The current analysis examined whether the effect of three different stressors on daily mood is moderated by having a relational self-construal. Participants ( N = 833) from a national, community-based study reported relational self-construal, the experience of three types of stressors, negative affect, and positive affect on 8 consecutive days. Compared to less relationally interdependent individuals, more relationally interdependent individuals experienced a greater increase in negative affect from the prior day when an interpersonal conflict occurred but a lesser increase in negative affect from the prior day when an interpersonal conflict was avoided. These results suggest that the type of interpersonal stressor determines whether self-construal is a risk factor or protective factor for psychological health.

The impact of the pandemic on public health has caused numerous negative consequences. In this regard, the study of the state of psychological health of the personality of a medical worker becomes very relevant. The aim of the study is to investigate the manifestations of the psychological health of a doctor's personality in the conditions of epidemiological uncertainty and to suggest ways to strengthen it. Research hypothesis: doctors who do not systematically engage in moderate physical activity have a lower psychological health status of their personality, compared to those groups where more doctors regularly use physical activity. The study involved 294 doctors in 16 specialties: obstetrics and gynecology, anesthesiology and resuscitation, cardiology, neurology, psychiatry, therapy, pediatrics, dermatovenerology, otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, radiology, surgery, oncology, traumatology and orthopedics, dentistry, pharmacy management and economics. For the diagnosis, the questionnaire of pronounced psychopathological symptoms SCL-90 was used, which allows to identify dysfunctional changes in the psyche and the degree of manifestation of the qualities and states of psychological health of the individual. Quantitative data were statistically processed using the IBM SPSS computer program. It is shown that depression, anxiety and hostility are less pronounced in doctors who regularly engage in physical activity, compared with doctors who do not find time for systematic exercise. As a result, the components of psychological health of the personality are better in the first group of doctors. Thus, the systematic use of moderate physical activity can be proposed as one of the ways to preserve and strengthen the psychological health of an individual in conditions of uncertainty.

Although the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and psychological health is widely accepted, little is known about whether and how coping strategies explain this relationship. We examined the mediating role of proactive coping in this relationship, with a sample of 280 participants from five colleges in Korea. We used four parallel multiple mediation models, and controlled for the indirect effects of coping flexibility, self-esteem, and covariates (age and gender). Results show that grandiose narcissism predicted higher life satisfaction and lower perceived stress, whereas vulnerable narcissism exhibited the opposite pattern, and all of these relationships were mediated by proactive coping. Overall, our results highlight the critical role of proactive coping in the prediction of psychological health among narcissists.

Introduction: The Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile (ATOP) is a brief instrument that measures self-reported substance use, health, and wellbeing in the previous 28 days for people in alcohol and other drug treatment. Previous studies have established the concurrent validity, inter-rater, and test-retest reliability of the tool. The current study sought to identify recommended cutoff scores for ATOP items for psychological health, physical health and quality of life that identify clients reporting clinically significant problems warranting further assessment and/or intervention, compared to cutoffs used by 'gold-standard' measures for these domains. Methods: Clients attending for treatment for problems with opioid (n = 144) or alcohol use (n = 134) completed the ATOP and comparison standardised questionnaires (Kessler-10, Short Form Survey 12 and the Personal Wellbeing Index) with a researcher. Receiver operating characteristics analysis, along with clinician perspectives, were used to recommend cutoff scores for ATOP items indicative of clinically significant problems. Results: A cutoff score of 5 or less out of 10 was identified as an optimal pragmatic cutoff for ATOP items relating to psychological health, physical health and quality of life items with regards to balancing sensitivity, specificity, and application in a treatment setting. Discussion and conclusions: The recommended clinical cutoffs will support clinicians and treatment services to identify clients who require further assessment and follow up for their psychological health, physical health and quality of life. The current study provides further evidence for the utility of the ATOP for individual clinical review, service planning and research.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the associations between social isolation, social contextual factors, and behavioral and psychological health during emerging adulthood. Methods: Participants (n = 1,568) were drawn from EAT 2018 (mean age = 22.1 ± 2.0). Logistic regressions tested the associations between social isolation, contextual factors, and behavioral and psychological health. Results: Approximately 16% of the sample reported social isolation. Emerging adults with socially marginalized identities (e.g., racial/ethnic, socioeconomic), who were unemployed, and/or lived alone had higher odds of experiencing social isolation. Social isolation was associated with more risky health behaviors and lower self-esteem. Discussion: Emerging adults who were socially disadvantaged (e.g., unemployed) had greater risk of social isolation. Findings suggest that social isolation is more strongly linked with behavioral health than psychological health. Generally, findings suggest that access to community resources and areas wherein social connections can be formed may to be important for behavioral health in emerging adulthood.

Background Medical students experience difficulties in the process of making decisions about their careers, which is referred to as career indecision. This study aimed to examine the difficulties in the career decision-making processes of medical students and to explore the association of coping strategies and psychological health with career indecision. The findings may provide a reference for designing interventions to advance satisfying career decisions for medical students. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 359 medical students was conducted in 5 Chinese medical schools. Students completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire measuring their career indecision, coping strategies, and psychological health. Independent t-test, F-test, bivariate Pearson’s correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis were applied to test the relation between career indecision and the associated factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS V.22 for Windows. A p-value Results Difficulties regarding lack of readiness frequently occurred in medical students when making career decisions, with the highest score of 2.48 ± 0.58. Among all the associated factors in this study, career indecision was positively associated with psychological distress problem (β = 0.20, p p p Conclusions Medical students experienced difficulties regarding lack of readiness frequently when making career decisions. Both coping strategies and psychological health were associated with career indecision among medical students. To prevent career indecision, it is necessary to promote earlier career awareness to medical students. Specifically, psychological health should be addressed in career intervention programs for medical students. Additionally, when helping medical students to cope with career indecision, cognitive techniques that reduce the use of maladaptive coping strategies and enhance the use of adaptive coping strategies should be adopted.

Previous studies have suggested that mindfulness can protect the well-being of socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals. This article examines the mediating roles of resilience and perceived discrimination in the relationship between mindfulness and well-being (including life satisfaction and psychological distress) among socioeconomically disadvantaged college students. A questionnaire was administered to 919 socioeconomically disadvantaged undergraduates (48% females, aged 17–25). According to the results of structural equation modeling, mindfulness was positively associated with life satisfaction and negatively associated with psychological distress. These two relationships were mediated along three pathways: higher resilience, lower perceived discrimination, and the sequential pathway from higher resilience to lower perceived discrimination. These results suggest that mindfulness is positively related to greater life satisfaction and negatively related to psychological distress among socioeconomically disadvantaged college students by enhanced resilience and decreased perceived discrimination. The findings can be applied to the design of mindfulness-based psychological health care services for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.

OBJECTIVES Using two intensive longitudinal data sets with different timescales (90 minutes, daily), we examined emotion network density, a metric of emotional inflexibility, as a predictor of clinical-level anxiety and depression. DESIGN Mobile-based intensive longitudinal assessments. METHODS 119 participants (61 anxious and depressed, 58 healthy controls) completed ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to rate a variety of negative (NE) and positive emotions (PE) 9 times per day for 8 days using a mobile phone application. 169 participants (97 anxious and depressed and 72 healthy controls) completed an online daily diary on their NE and PE for 50 days. Multilevel vector autoregressive models were run to compute NE and PE network densities in each data set. RESULTS In the EMA data set, both NE and PE network densities significantly predicted participants' diagnostic status above and beyond demographics and the mean and standard deviation of NE and PE. Greater NE network density and lower PE network density were associated with anxiety and depression diagnoses. In the daily diary data set, NE and PE network densities did not significantly predict the diagnostic status. CONCLUSIONS Greater inflexibility of NE and lower inflexibility of PE, indexed by emotion network density, are potential clinical markers of anxiety and depressive disorders when assessed at intra-daily levels as opposed to daily levels. Considering emotion network density, as well as the mean level and variability of emotions in daily life, may contribute to diagnostic prediction of anxiety and depressive disorders. PRACTITIONER POINTS Emotion network density, or the degree to which prior emotions predict and influence current emotions, indicates an inflexible or change-resistant emotion system. Emotional inflexibility or change resistance over a few hours, but not daily, may characterize anxiety and depressive disorders. Inflexible negative emotion systems are associated with anxiety and depressive disorders, whereas inflexible positive emotion systems may indicate psychological health. Considering emotional inflexibility within days may provide additional information beyond demographics and mean level and variability of emotions in daily life for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders. ​.

We explored the relationships among adult attachment, self-esteem, and subjective well-being of older people, and the moderating role of self-compassion. Using data obtained from a survey conducted with 308 community-dwelling adults aged from 51 to 79 years in China's Shandong Province, we found that self-esteem mediated the effects of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance on subjective well-being. Furthermore, self-compassion not only moderated the relationship between attachment anxiety and self-esteem, but also moderated the mediating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment anxiety and subjective well-being. The results not only extend understanding of the relationships that exist between adult attachment and subjective well-being, but also have implications for improving the psychological health and well-being of adults in later life.

The present study examined the direct association between emotional labour and psychological health, and the moderating role of religiosity among media practitioners in Ghana. Using a cross-section...

Guided by the stress process model ( Pearlin, Mullan, Semple, & Skaff, 1990 ; Pearlin, 1999 ), the purpose of this longitudinal investigation was to examine the extent to which the stressor of premature forced reentry from studying abroad during the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., reentry shock, reacculturative stress) was predictive of stress-related compromised mental health (i.e., perceived stress and loneliness) into the subsequent academic year. A total of 133 college students from different U.S. universities completed a short online questionnaire as soon as they came back from their study abroad experience (T1) and approximately six months after (T2), when they were resuming their Fall 2020 academic semester. Consistent with the stress process model, secondary stressors associated with reacculturation were predictive, concurrently and longitudinally, of mental health outcomes, especially loneliness, indicating that students who had the hardest time returning home unexpectedly were at the highest risk for worsened mental health over the following months. These findings reveal that reacculturation following unplanned termination of a study abroad experience is not an event as much as it is a process that unfolds over a period of months, as would be understood from the perspective of the stress process model.

Military-connected families face many challenges associated with military life transitions, including deployment separations. We report on a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of Families OverComing Under Stress-Early Childhood (FOCUS-EC) delivered through an in-home, virtual telehealth platform. FOCUS-EC is a trauma-informed, family-centered preventive intervention designed to promote family resilience and well-being. Military-connected families with 3- to 6-year-old children (194 mothers; 155 fathers; 199 children) were randomized to FOCUS-EC or an online education condition. Parent psychological health symptoms, child behavior, parenting, and parent–child relationships were examined by parent-report and observed interaction tasks for up to 12 months. Longitudinal regression models indicated that FOCUS-EC families demonstrated significantly greater improvements than online education families in parent-reported and observational measures of child behavior, parenting practices, and parent–child interaction, as well as greater reductions in parent posttraumatic stress symptoms. Findings provide support for the benefit of a virtually-delivered preventive intervention for military-connected families.

Обоснование. Массовая самоизоляция в период пандемии COVID-19 оказала существенное влияние на спортивную деятельность, и как следствие, на психологическое здоровье спортсменов. Основные последствия для психологического здоровья спортсменов связаны в первую очередь с психосоматическими и психоэмоциональными расстройствами. Цель исследования состояла в выявлении особенностей психологического здоровья спортсменов в период пандемии COVID-2019. Материалы и методы. Выборку составили 419 спортсменов в возрасте от 18 до 30 лет, проживающих в различных регионах России. Исследование проводилось с использованием специально разработанной анкеты, включающей вопросы об особенностях организации тренировочного процесса в период пандемии, о дальнейших спортивных планах, о психосоматических и психоэмоциональных особенностях, вызванных вследствие отмены спортивных тренировок и соревнований. Также использовалась стандартизированная методика «Самочувствие, активность, настроение – САН» (В.А. Доскин, Н.А. Лаврентьева, В.Б. Шарай и М.П. Мирошников). Результаты. Проведенное исследование выявило закономерность, состоящую в том, что поддержка оптимальной физической формы в период пандемии COVID-19 позволяет предупреждать негативные психосоматические и психоэмоциональные проявления, обеспечивая субъективное ощущение благоприятного физиологического и психологического состояния. Адаптивный копинг принятия спортсменами ситуации и самоконтроля прямо коррелирует с поддержкой оптимальной физической формы в период пандемии COVID-19 и, как следствие, с позитивными спортивными планами. Заключение. Полученные результаты подтверждают, что поддержание регулярной физической активности является важной профилактической стратегией для физического и психологического здоровья во время вынужденной самоизоляции.

Children exposed to cumulative risk (CR) are more likely to have poor physical and psychological health across the lifespan. CR may contribute to children's adjustment, in part through its effects on appraisal and coping. Further, child temperament may alter the effects of CR on appraisal and coping.This study investigated the interactive and prospective effects of CR and temperament on children's appraisal and coping strategies.In this secondary data analysis using a community sample (N=306) of preadolescents (M age = 9.5 at T1), structural equations models were conducted to examine temperament negative emotionality (NE) and effortful control (EC) as moderators of the effect of CR on both levels and proportional use of positive and threat appraisals, and active and avoidant coping.Children higher in NE used more threat appraisal and avoidant coping, whereas children higher in EC used less threat appraisal concurrently and decreased in their use of threat appraisal across 1 year. Both NE and EC altered the prospective effect of CR on appraisal and coping.Findings suggest temperament alters the effect of CR on appraisal and coping, implicating EC as a resource and NE as a vulnerability in changes in appraisal and coping during preadolescence.

The relevance of studying the self- assessment of cadets of the Suvorov Military School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and its relationship with psychological health is due to the need to increase the effectiveness of the system of psychological support for cadets during the period of pre-university education, the purpose of which is to compensate for the deficiencies in the adaptive abilities of adolescents and their further personal and professional self-determination. One of the main criteria for assessing a cadet’s career opportunities in the law enforcement system is his self-assessment. A young man entering the Suvorov Military School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia does not always proportion the level of his physical, intellectual and personal capabilities with those requirements of the educational environment of a military school. The inability of adolescents to adequately assess their strengths and weaknesses complicates the process of professional self-determination, in connection with which a significant percentage of the pupils who entered the school experience difficulties in adaptation, are disappointed in their choice and make a decision to expel. The study resulted in a correlation between the self-esteem of the cadets of the Suvorov Military School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia with the resource of their psychological health, reflecting the ratio of constructive and destructive-deficient central (unconscious) personality functions. Another finding is a significant difference in the self-assessment of cadets assigned to different groups of psychological health. The practical significance of the research findings is determined by the possibility of their effective use in the system of psychological support for pre-university training of cadets of the Suvorov military school, including the period of mass psycho-prophylactic examinations and the provision of targeted psychological assistance to cadets with low self-assessment.

‘Travmanın kuşaklararası aktarımı’, bireyin deneyimlediği travmatik yaşantıların etkilerinin, çeşitli mekanizmalar aracılığıyla aktarılarak ailenin sonraki kuşaklarında da görülebildiği anlamına gelmektedir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, son dönem Bulgaristan göçünü (1989) yaşayan kadınlarda travmaya maruz kalma ve travmatik stres düzeyi ile göçü doğrudan yaşamamış ikinci kuşaktaki kişilerin psikolojik belirtileri arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Veri toplama araçları olarak Travmaya Maruz Kalma Ölçeği, Olay Etkisi Ölçeği-R, Kısa Semptom Envanteri, Dünyaya İlişkin Varsayımlar Ölçeği ve Ailede Koruyucu Etkenler Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, son dönem Bulgaristan göçüne maruz kalmış 41 yaş ve üzerindeki kadınlar (N =170) ve onların 16-27 yaş arasındaki çocukları (N = 170) ile yürütülmüştür. Sonuçlar, annelerin travmaya maruz kalma ve travmatik stres düzeylerinin artmasının, çocuklarının psikolojik belirtilerinin kötüleşmesiyle ilişkili olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca ikinci kuşaktaki bireyler, annelerinin travmatik stres düzeylerine göre üç grup olarak ayrılıp psikolojik belirtiler açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, travmatik stresi yüksek olan annelerin çocuklarında travmatik stresi düşük olan annelerin çocuklarına kıyasla daha fazla anksiyete belirtisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Aile işlevselliği ve temel varsayımlar ise psikolojik sağlık açısından koruyucu olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, göçün kuşaklararası etkilerine işaret etmektedir. Konuyla ilgili yapılan çalışmalarda travmanın sonraki kuşaktaki etkilerinde, travmatik stresin önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da annelerinin travmatik stres düzeyine göre ikinci kuşaktaki bireylerin anksiyete belirtileri farklılaşmaktadır. Travmatik deneyimler, ebeveynlerin çocuk yetiştirme stillerini olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. İkinci kuşaktaki bireylerin anksiyete belirtilerinin fazla olması, bu kapsamda tartışılmıştır. Alan yazınla tutarlı olarak aile işlevselliğinin yüksek olması, ikinci kuşaktaki bireylerin psikolojik sağlıkları açısından koruyucu olmaktadır. Dünya genelinde savaş nedeniyle evini terk etmek zorunda kalan insan sayısı şimdiye kadarki en yüksek düzeye ulaşmıştır. Göçün psikolojik etkilerinin aynı zamanda kuşaklararası aktarılabileceği gerçeği durumun önemini arttırmaktadır, The concept of the transgenerational transmission of trauma posits that the effects of traumatic experiences can be transferred from one generation to the next within the family through various mechanisms. The study mainly aims to examine trauma exposure and traumatic stress level in women who experienced the last period of the Bulgarian migration (1989) and their relationship with the psychological symptoms of individuals in the second generation without a direct experience of the migration. The Trauma Exposure Scale, Impact of Event Scale-R, Brief Symptom Inventory, World Assumptions Scale, and the Inventory of Family Protective Factors were used for data collection. The study was conducted on women (N = 170) who experienced the last period of the Bulgaria migration, aged at least 41 years, and with children aged between 16 and 27 years. The results indicate that increases in traumatic exposure and traumatic stress among mothers are associated with increases in the psychological symptoms of children. Furthermore, comparison was made between individuals in the second generation, who were categorized into three groups according to the mothers’ traumatic stress level. The findings indicated that the children of mothers with high levels of traumatic stress experienced more symptoms of anxiety than those of mothers with low levels of traumatic stress. Family functioning and basic assumptions serve as protective mechanisms for the psychological health of individuals in the second generation. Moreover, the results indicate that migration led to transgenerational effects. Previous studies on the subject emphasized the importance of traumatic stress. Similarly, symptoms of anxiety among individuals in the second generation differed according to the stress level of the mothers. In turn, traumatic experiences can exert negative effects on parenting style. For this reason, the increased frequency of symptoms of anxiety among individuals in the second generation are discussed in this context. Consistent with the literature, high family functioning is one of the protective mechanisms for the psychological health of individuals in the second generation. The number of people forced to leave their homes due to war has reached the highest level. The finding that the psychological impacts of the migration can be transmitted between generations increases its significance.

Demands and stressors from work increasingly encroach upon people’s family lives in modern settings, resulting in poorer familial relationships and impaired psychological health. The current study proposed and examined dispositional optimism as a potential psychological buffer of the deleterious impact of negative work-to-family spillover (WFS) on psychological health. Based on a sample of employed midlife adults in the United States (N = 1,252) drawn from a large and nationally representative dataset, MIDUS 3, we found that dispositional optimism significantly moderated the relationship between negative WFS and subjective well-being, even after controlling for a variety of potential confounds. However, this moderation effect was not consistently observed for the relationship between negative WFS and depressive symptoms, suggesting that the buffering utility of dispositional optimism may be limited to day-to-day subjective well-being and may not extend to the domain of mental health issues. Nonetheless, our findings indicate the potential importance of considering psychological resources in our efforts to mitigate strains on psychological health arising from negative WFS – to which future studies are encouraged to explore further.

The current study is an explanatory study on the effects of watching horror movies on the psychological health of teenagers in the city area of Faisalabad. Researchers tried to explain the mental health and psychological problems like phobias, nightmares, sleep disorder, harsh behavior etc., in teenagers and their preferences of movies watching. The study explains that the majority of teenagers are used to watching movies, and they prefer Horror and Action movies via the internet, and these movies are affecting their psychological health. They choose films to watch for entertainment, but such kind of enjoyment has deep down affected their brains and social behaviors. Responses were collected through a survey questionnaire.

Drawing on the model of balanced affect, the Francis Burnout Inventory (FBI) conceptualised good work-related psychological health among religious leaders in terms of negative affect being balanced by positive affect, and operationalised this model with two 11-item scales. Factor analysis on data provided by 287 Catholic priests and religious sisters in Italy proposes reducing each of these scales to 10 items. Construct validity of these revised scales was supported against an independent measure of wellbeing.\ud \ud

This study examines the associations between living alone and psychological and cognitive health and explores the moderating effects of age, gender, marital status, social engagement and family inc...

Background: Concerns about the psychological health of students are determined by their lifestyle, specific working conditions, and the role that this social group plays in society. Compensatory mechanisms of students do not always cope with new living conditions and the requirements of higher education, which leads to stress, psychological and social conflicts, as well as to the use of psychoactive substances. Aim. The paper aims to identify the prevalence of anxiety disorders among medical students to develop recommendations for primary and secondary psychological prevention. Materials and methods: the study was conducted throughout the year. The first- and fourth-year students (52.6 % and 47. 4 % respectively) of the medical faculty of the South Ural State Medical University participated in the study (n = 612). The study involved both females (66.8 %) and males (33.2 %). To identify various anxiety disorders, the Yale-Brown Scale, ICD-10 criteria (F41.0 and F41.1), and anonymous survey were used. To assess the reliability of the values obtained, the Student’s t-test was used. Relative values and their representative errors were calculated. Results: anxiety disorders were detected in 65.8 % of first-year students and more than half of fourth-year students. Moreover, anxiety disorders are 1.5 times more common in females than in males. Depressive conditions were found in every fifth student, regardless of the year of study. More than half of first-year students and every third fourth-year student suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder of varying severity. Severe and extremely severe obsessive-compulsive disorder in first-year students occurs 2 times more often than in fourth-year students. Conclusion: anxiety disorders are widespread among medical students, which requires their primary and secondary prevention. First-year students are particularly affected by adaptation to new living conditions and the requirements of higher education.

Background: Burnout syndrome was first described in 1974 in two scientific articles by psychologist Herbert Freudenberger, albeit imprecisely; he identified burnout as a work-related syndrome characterized by emotional and physical exhaustion and deficiency in work performance. In this study, we investigated burnout syndrome among students at Princess Nourah University (PNU), explored the possible factors associated with burnout, and evaluated the coping strategies employed by students to overcome burnout. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the all-female sample population was recruited from different colleges affiliated with PNU in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January to February 2019. The convenience sample included 250 students each from health care (HC) and non-health care (NHC) colleges. The questionnaire was based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey. Descriptive and analytical statistical analyses were performed to determine the results. Results: The final sample comprised 500 students. The mean age (± standard deviation) was 20.78 ± 1.72 years. Most students (458; 91%) were single and lived with their families in Riyadh (467; 93%). Only 6.2% of the students exercised regularly. The overall burnout prevalence rate was 74%. A significant relationship was found between the level of satisfaction with college major and burnout components; students satisfied with their major experienced low levels of academic burnout across three dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE;p = 0.002), professional efficacy (PE; p = 0.000), and cynicism (CY; p = 0.000). Both HC (47.6%) and NHC (48%) college students achieved moderate academic results. Students with low coping strategies reported higher academic burnout: EE (p = 0.002), PE (p = 0.000), and CY (p = 0.000). Conclusion: We demonstrated a high level of burnout among PNU students, necessitating the need for educational institutions to develop a support system to evaluate and improve students’ psychological health by teaching them better burnout coping strategies for good academic performance.

Background: The nature of our psychosocial environment and one's response to stressful daily events are key determinants of current and future mental health status. The school environment is one of such settings which expose young people to potentially undue stress, especially through bully-prone interpersonal interaction with peers and older individuals. Although bullying is thought to be prevalent in secondary schools, only a few studies have investigated the association between bullying and the mental health status of secondary school students in developing countries. The present study seeks to obtain data that may be helpful in addressing this research gap. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional analytic study. A stratified sampling technique was used to select six secondary schools within Calabar metropolis. Proportional allocation using a simple random sampling method was employed to recruit the required number of senior secondary students from the selected schools. Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale and Child and Youth Mental Health General Screening Questionnaires were used to assess for presence/degree of bullying and mental health problems, respectively. Mann–Whitney U-test and Spearman's correlation analysis were used as inferential statistics, and P-value was considered significant if it was < 0.05. Results: Three hundred and four (304) respondents were surveyed, but complete data were obtained from 292. Their ages ranged from 13 to 20 years, with a mean age of 16.5 ± 2.1 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:0.7. Within the past 12 months, 54.8% of the respondents had bullied someone, while 62.3% had witnessed someone being bullied. Attack on the property was the most common form of bullying (61%), followed by social manipulation (52.7%), verbal (52.1%), and physical (47.9%) forms of victimization. Moderate-to-severe forms of social manipulation, physical victimization, verbal victimization, and attack on property forms of bullying were found in 26.0%, 26.7%, 28.8%, and 32.2% of respondents, respectively. The most frequently elevated component of mental health score in the respondents was conduct symptoms (50.7%), followed by mood symptoms (34.2%) and symptoms of generalized anxiety (19.2%). Respondents with abnormally elevated scores for hyperactivity/distractibility, conduct, generalized anxiety, and mood symptoms had significantly higher mean scores for each of the components of bullying assessed (P < 0.001). Elevated scores on oppositional defiant symptoms did not significantly influence the mean scores of each component of bullying, except for verbal victimization (P = 0.04). A significant positive correlation was observed between each component of bullying and each domain of mental health assessed (P < 0.001). A positive correlation was also observed between the total bullying score and each domain of mental health as well as the total mental health scores (P < 0.001). Of all the domains of mental health assessed, symptoms of hyperactivity/distractibility showed the strongest positive correlation with a total bully score (r = 0.69, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that bullying is prevalent in our secondary schools, with a potential adverse effects on the mental health of affected individuals in the near or remote future. These findings may be useful for improvement in existing policies for school health programs in developing countries.