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Recovering cobalt from waste batteries is crucial for resource recycling and environmental protection. Here, MOF-OH, a Zr-based MOF, was synthesized and merged into a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix to create MOF-OH-PAN nanofibers (NFs). These NFs showed a high cobalt ion adsorption capacity of 33.1 mg/g, retaining over 90% of the capacity after six cycles. The adsorption mechanism involves Co(II) surface diffusion followed by strong bonding with functional groups. This technology enables efficient cobalt recovery from waste batteries, supporting reuse and reducing resource depletion and environmental pollution. The study provides insights into waste battery resource management, highlighting environmental and economic benefits and contributing to green resource recovery and circular economy initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]