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[Display omitted] • Influence of natural resources and economic growth to environmental quality. • Natural resources and economic growth decrease CO 2 emissions. • Urban agglomeration has a detrimental influence on CO 2 emissions through positive and negative shocks. • Oil rents had both a positive and negative influence on carbonization. • Coal rent had negative impact on CO 2 emissisons. The damage caused by various kinds of pollution to our natural resources, health, and way of life is increasing. The fundamental cause of ecological degradation is the release of greenhouse gases that includes carbon dioxide produced by humans, which may still be harmful if the emissions come from unsustainable sources. The primary goal of this study was to examine the impact of coal and oil rents, urban agglomeration, and economic growth on environmental quality in Pakistan using yearly data from 1971 to 2019. The interaction between the key variables was identified using an asymmetric (Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag) model. Natural resources have a considerable influence on environmental quality according to long-run and short-run results. Economic progress is also significantly impacted, while through the analysis urban agglomeration has a detrimental influence on environmental quality through positive and negative shocks. Furthermore, the findings of oil rents had a negative and positive effect on carbonization, whereas coal rents had a negative impact on environmental inclusion. Carbon dioxide emission is presently a worldwide rising concern; thus, Pakistan should also play a substantial role regarding the reduction of CO 2 emission and adopt the productive policies in direction to support the environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population growth has been a leading driver of global CO2 emissions over the last several decades. CO2 emission and greenhouse gas emissions are a key issue in the world that affects food production and also causes the climate change. The core purpose of this study was to inspect the influence of carbon dioxide emission to population growth, food production, economic growth, livestock and energy utilization in Pakistan. The STIRPAT (Stochastic Impact by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology) model with the extension of an ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) method was utilized to demonstrate the linkage amid variables. Outcomes during short-run investigation reveal that variables population growth, economic growth, rural population growth, livestock production uncovered a productive association with CO2 emission. Furthermore, via long-run population growth, economic growth, rural population growth, livestock production and energy utilization have positive interaction with CO2 emission, while the variables food production and urban population growth demonstrated an adverse influence to CO2 emission during long- and short-run interaction. Similarly, the error correction model exposed that population growth, economic progress, livestock and energy utilization have constructive interaction to CO2 emission, while the variables food production, urban and rural population growth exposed an adverse impact to CO2 emission. On the basis of this analysis, we will address the strategic consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide emission and GHGs are associated with fossil fuels which have adverse effects on the environment. The key intention of this paper was to determine the asymmetric effect of CO2 emission on expenditures, trade, FDI, and renewable energy consumption in Pakistan. An asymmetrical technique (nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag) was employed to validate the constructive and adverse relation among variables. Furthermore, the Granger causality test was also used to verify the unidirectional association amid variables. Study outcomes revealed that the adverse shocks of renewable energy consumption exposed expressively to upsurge CO2 emission in the short-run dynamics. Conversely, constructive shocks of renewable energy consumption display an adversative association with CO2 emission. Furthermore, the decreasing trend in foreign direct investment tends to impede the detrimental effects of CO2 emission. Additionally, the variable expenditures also create the non-eco-friendly impacts and manifest the positive linkage through CO2 emission. Trade possesses statistically insignificant linkage with environmental degradation. The results also disclose that positive as well as negative variations in the foreign direct investment expose to degrade the environmental eminence. Long-run results suggest the direct association between downward trend in renewable energy consumption and CO2 emission signifying that the pollution level decreases, and the upward trend in renewable energy consumption, however, demonstrates insignificantly positive effects. The results also disclose that positive as well as negative variations in the FDI lead to degrade the CO2 emission. Moreover, it is found that the expenditures soar the issue of pollution again in the long run. Finally, the consequence of trade on CO2 emission is adverse, as the outcome suggests. In order to improve the environmental policies for sustainable growth, the study provides direction toward a sustainable environment by reducing carbon dioxide emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide emission and greenhouse gas emissions are considered core issue in the world that influence agricultural production and also cause climate change. The present study seeks to investigate the linkage of methane emissions, nitrous oxide emissions, carbon dioxide emission, and greenhouse gas emissions with agricultural gross domestic product in China. The long-term association was checked by using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, fully modified least squares method, and canonical cointegrating regression analysis. The results from long-run analysis exposed that carbon dioxide emission and greenhouse gas emissions have positive coefficients that demonstrate the long-run linkage with the agricultural gross domestic product having p values of 0.5709 and 0.3751, respectively. Similarly, results also revealed that agricultural methane emissions and agricultural nitrous oxide emissions have a negative association with the agricultural gross domestic product having p values of 0.1737 and 0.0559. China is a huge emitter of CO2 emission and greenhouse gas emissions. Possible conservative policies are required to form the Chinese government to tackle this challenge to decrease CO2 emission in order to increase agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]