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Mesoporous ZSM-5 was synthesized using double-template method and its application in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was studied. By comparison, ZSM-5 and SBA-15 were also prepared. The results demonstrated that the catalysts with bimodal structure and moderate acidity showed higher C 5–18 selectivity with relatively lower CH 4 selectivity, while higher C 5–12 selectivity over Co/ZSM-5 catalyst and higher C 12–18 selectivity over Co/SBA-15 catalyst were observed, respectively. Cobalt loaded on crystalline mesoporous ZSM-5 showed the lowest deactivated rate, which suggested that such bimodal structure was favor to the stabilization of cobalt particles. As a result of lower hydrothermal stability of mesopority, Co/SBA-15 catalyst had the fastest deactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]