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Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with cognitive rehabilitation training on post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI)., Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data from 119 patients with PSCI admitted to our hospital from December 2021 to April 2023, of which 58 received pure cognitive rehabilitation training (control group) and 61 received rTMS combined with cognitive rehabilitation training (observation group). We calculated measures of cognitive function rehabilitation, daily living activity abilities, latency and amplitude of P300 wave of evoked potential, and serum biochemical index levels before and after the intervention in the two groups., Results: After the intervention, the scores of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and Rivermead behavioral memory test (RBMT) had improved in the two groups. Also, the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) scores of the two groups increased after the intervention. The P300 wave latencies in both groups decreased and their amplitudes increased after the intervention. The levels of serum neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the two groups were higher, and the levels of brain glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were lower after the intervention. All these improvements were more marked in the observation group than in the control group (all p<0.05)., Conclusions: Compared with simple cognitive rehabilitation training, the training combined with rTMS was more effective at restoring cognitive function, improving daily living activity abilities, and improving the treatment outcome of patients with PSCI.