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Background: Postoperative delirium is common among older patients and preoperative identification of high-risk patients is widely recommended. The aim of this study was to assess whether preoperative cognitive performance using brief screening tools or regional cerebral oxygen saturation (Scto2) was associated with the development of postoperative delirium in older Portuguese patients undergoing elective surgery., Methods: Prospective observational cohort study where preoperative cognitive screening tools (Mini-Cog, Mini-Mental State Examination, verbal fluency) and Scto2 (INVOS 5100C; Medtronic, Ireland) were assessed in 238 patients ≥65 years old undergoing elective surgery between July 2017 and May 2019 at a tertiary academic center in Portugal. The primary outcome was postoperative delirium detected by the 3D-Confusion Assessment Method. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression., Results: Delirium was identified in 53 patients (22%); 162 patients (68%) had completed only 4 years of education. On multivariable analysis, probable cognitive impairment tested by the Mini-Cog (odds ratio [OR] = 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-3.53; corrected P value >.999), by the Mini-Mental State Examination (OR = 2.75; 95% CI, 1.23-6.13; corrected P value = .052), and by the animal verbal fluency test (OR = 1.24; 95% CI, 0.49-3.16; corrected P value >.999) were not significantly associated with the development of postoperative delirium. In contrast, lower preoperative Scto2 (OR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02-1.14; corrected P value = .024 for each point decrease in Scto2) was associated with postoperative delirium., Conclusions: We did not find enough evidence to suggest that poor preoperative cognitive performance was significantly associated with the development of postoperative delirium in an older Portuguese surgical population with an overall low level of formal education, but rather that preoperative Scto2 may be helpful in identifying patients at risk for delirium., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: See Disclosures at the end of the article., (Copyright © 2020 International Anesthesia Research Society.)

Background: Frailty and cognitive impairment are associated with postoperative delirium, but are rarely assessed preoperatively. The study was designed to test the hypothesis that preoperative screening for frailty or cognitive impairment identifies patients at risk for postoperative delirium (primary outcome)., Methods: In this prospective cohort study, the authors administered frailty and cognitive screening instruments to 229 patients greater than or equal to 70 yr old presenting for elective spine surgery. Screening for frailty (five-item FRAIL scale [measuring fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illness, and weight loss]) and cognition (Mini-Cog, Animal Verbal Fluency) were performed at the time of the preoperative evaluation. Demographic data, perioperative variables, and postoperative outcomes were gathered. Delirium was the primary outcome detected by either the Confusion Assessment Method, assessed daily from postoperative day 1 to 3 or until discharge, if patient was discharged sooner, or comprehensive chart review. Secondary outcomes were all other-cause complications, discharge not to home, and hospital length of stay., Results: The cohort was 75 [73 to 79 yr] years of age, 124 of 219 (57%) were male. Many scored positive for prefrailty (117 of 218; 54%), frailty (53 of 218; 24%), and cognitive impairment (50 to 82 of 219; 23 to 37%). Fifty-five patients (25%) developed delirium postoperatively. On multivariable analysis, frailty (scores 3 to 5 [odds ratio, 6.6; 95% CI, 1.96 to 21.9; P = 0.002]) versus robust (score 0) on the FRAIL scale, lower animal fluency scores (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.51; P = 0.036) for each point decrease in the number of animals named, and more invasive surgical procedures (odds ratio, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.31 to 5.50; P = 0.007) versus less invasive procedures were associated with postoperative delirium., Conclusions: Screening for frailty and cognitive impairment preoperatively using the FRAIL scale and the Animal Verbal Fluency test in older elective spine surgery patients identifies those at high risk for the development of postoperative delirium., (Copyright © 2020, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. All Rights Reserved.)

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos O delírio pós‐operatório e a disfunção cognitiva pós‐operatória são algumas das complicações mais comuns em pacientes cirúrgicos mais idosos e estão associados a desfechos adversos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as perspectivas e conhecimentos de anestesiologistas portugueses sobre distúrbios cognitivos pós‐operatórios e a prática clínica de rotina ao cuidar de pacientes cirúrgicos idosos. Métodos Pesquisa prospectiva on‐line com perguntas usando uma escala Likert de 1–5 (discordo completamente–concordo completamente), ou respostas como sim/não/não sei. Os potenciais participantes eram anestesiologistas portugueses que trabalhavam em hospitais afiliados ao sistema nacional de saúde português e hospitais privados. Resultados Analisamos 234 resultados (17,7% do total dos potenciais respondentes). A maioria acreditava que o risco de efeitos colaterais cognitivos deveria ser considerado ao escolher o tipo de anestesia (87,6%) e que a função cognitiva pré‐operatória deveria ser rotineiramente avaliada (78,6%). Ao cuidar de um paciente agitado e confuso no pós‐operatório, 62,4% administraram primeiro um analgésico e 11,1% um ansiolítico. Protocolos para detectar e tratar distúrbios cognitivos pós‐operatórios são raramente usados. Quase todos os entrevistados acreditam que o delírio pós‐operatório e a disfunção cognitiva pós‐operatória são áreas negligenciadas na anestesiologia. Conclusões Em geral, os participantes percebem os distúrbios cognitivos pós‐operatórios como importantes resultados adversos após a cirurgia e anestesia, estão cientes dos principais fatores de risco para seu desenvolvimento, mas podem não ter informações sobre como prevenir e tratar o delírio pós‐operatório. A maioria dos hospitais não possui protocolos de avaliação cognitiva pré‐operatória, diagnóstico, tratamento ou acompanhamento de pacientes com delírio e disfunção cognitiva no pós‐operatório. Background and objectives Postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction are some of the most common complications in older surgical patients and are associated with adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate portuguese anesthesiologists’ perspectives and knowledge about adverse postoperative cognitive disorders, and routine clinical practice when caring for older surgical patients. Methods We used a prospective online survey with questions using a Likert scale from 1 to 5 (completely disagree to completely agree), or yes/no/don’t know answer types. Potential participants were portuguese anesthesiologists working in hospitals affiliated with the portuguese national health system and private hospitals. Results We analyzed 234 surveys (17.7% of total potential respondents). The majority believed that the risk of cognitive side effects should be considered when choosing the type of anesthesia (87.6%) and that preoperative cognitive function should be routinely assessed (78.6%). When caring for an agitated and confused patient postoperatively, 62.4% would first administer an analgesic and 11.1% an anxiolytic. Protocols to screen and manage postoperative cognitive disorders are rarely used. Nearly all respondents believe that postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction are neglected areas in anesthesiology. Conclusions Overall, participants perceive postoperative cognitive disorders as important adverse outcomes following surgery and anesthesia are aware of the main risk factors for their development but may lack information on prevention and management of postoperative delirium. The majority of hospitals do not have protocols regarding preoperative cognitive assessment, diagnosis, management or follow‐up of patients with delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]