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The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between mesoparameters (normal stiffness k n , tangential stiffness k s , and friction coefficient fric) and macromechanical parameters (cohesion, internal friction angle, and peak principal stress as well as its corresponding stress variables) of the particle flow code in 3-dimension (PFC3D) built-in linear contact model, which is suitable for simulating cohesionless materials that are similar to tailing sand. A triaxial test model was established using PFC3D, and nonspherical particles were developed by the clump command. Several numerical triaxial tests were performed under different confining pressures and mesoparameters. The results showed that the linear contact model is effective in simulating sandy soil, and the corresponding gradation of particles should be given. No one-to-one correspondence was found between the macromechanical parameters and the mesoparameters. Each macromechanical parameter was most affected by a certain mesoparameter, and the degree of influence was much greater than that of the other mesoparameters. The macro- and mesoparameters were strongly correlated. The stiffness ratio ( k n / k s ) mainly affected the cohesion value, the friction coefficient of fillers (pebble-fric) mainly affected the internal friction angle and the peak principal stress, the normal stiffness ( k n ) of particles mainly affected the strain corresponding to the peak principal stress, and the influence of the side wall friction coefficient (wall-fric) was not the strongest but was non-negligible. The microparameter calibration of the contact model can follow the order of parameter adjustment proposed in this study, which can facilitate and enhance the accuracy of the parameter calibration process of the linear contact model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the influence of geogrid mesh size on interface characteristics are disregarded in various codes and standards. To explore the reasonable mesh size of geogrid used for reinforced tailings, the direct shear test and pull-out test of geogrid reinforced tailings with different mesh sizes were done. The results show that the shear surface of geogrid reinforced tailings is characterized by the combined action of geogrid-tailings interface and tailings-tailings interface; the geogrid-tailings interface friction was separated from the comprehensive interface friction to analyze the influence of area ratio on it under different test conditions; and the mesh size of geogrid reinforced tailings, that is, the area ratio of the geogrid-tailings interface to the shear surface (α), has a greater influence on the pseudo-cohesion and less on the pseudo-friction angle. The friction strength of the geogrid-tailings interface increases slightly with increasing mesh size, then decreases sharply, and the reinforcement effect of geogrid quickly disappears. Considering the direct shear test and pull-out test, the reasonable mesh size of geogrid reinforced tailings should be the mesh size corresponding to α 0.47–0.55. With the increase α, the effect of the geogrid reinforced tailings can be divided into four stages where the third stage ( 0.4 ≤ α < 0.6 ) is the stage with the best reinforcement effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the shear properties of geotextile-reinforced tailings, triaxial compression tests were performed on geogrids and geotextiles with zero, one, two, and four reinforced layers. The stress–strain characteristics and reinforcement effects of the reinforced tailings with different layers were analyzed. According to the test results, the geogrid stress–strain curves show hardening characteristics, whereas the geotextile stress–strain curves have strain-softening properties. With more reinforced layers, the hardening or softening characteristics become more prominent. We demonstrate that the stress–strain curves of geogrids and geotextile reinforced tailings under different reinforced layers can be fitted by the Duncan–Zhang model, which indicates that the pseudo-cohesion of shear strength index increases linearly whereas the friction angle remains primarily unchanged with the increase in reinforced layers. In addition, we observed that, although the strength of the reinforced tailings increases substantially, the reinforcement effect is more significant at a low confining pressure than at a high confining pressure. On the contrary, the triaxial specimen strength decreases with the increase in the number of reinforced layers. Our findings can provide valuable input toward the design and application of reinforced engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]