It has been more than 120 years since the first Chinese collection in an academic library was established in the United States. Since then, many more have been founded in the country while the holdings of the already established collections have continued to grow. The mission of these Chinese collections in academic institutions is, without exception, to support the teaching, studies, and research of their core clientele-the faculty members and students in East Asian studies programs. While Chinese collections continue to be an indispensable resource center for the East Asian studies programs at their campuses, their surrounding environment has greatly changed. One change that has occurred is in their user population. As the Chinese and Chinese-American populations substantially increased in and around campuses, most collections found themselves serving more overseas Chinese users than their intended "core clientele.'' This paper examines briefly the scale of Chinese collections in today's US academic Libraries, their growth over time, and the changes that have occurred in their user population. It also identifies the major functions that these collections have served to the Local overseas Chinese population, a topic that has never been really discussed in professional literature. In bringing this often-unstated mission to Light, the author hopes the East Asian library profession will pay more attention to the needs of this user group while continuing to fulfill the collections' primary mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]