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The objective of the present study was to determine the best phosphite source and concentration to control anthracnose and its effects on the physical and chemical characteristics of ‘Prata-anã’ banana. Bouquets of banana fruits were immersed in solutions containing different formulations of copper phosphite FCu1 (4% Cu + 20% P2O5), FCu2 (4% Cu + 22% P2O5) at concentrations of 0.5; 1.0, 1.5- and 2.0-mL L-1 and potassium phosphite FK (42% P2O5 + 27.7% K2O) at concentrations of 0.5; 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg L-1. Controls consisted of the application of pure water and Imazalil application (0.5 mL. L-1). Subsequently, anthracnose incidence and severity were evaluated every three days. The physical and chemical characteristics of fruits were evaluated at the end of the anthracnose intensity evaluation. The experimental design used was completely randomized. The results showed that the different phosphite sources FCu1, FCu2 and FK at the concentrations tested were not effective in controlling anthracnose. The physical and chemical characteristics of fruits were influenced by the different phosphite sources and concentrations applied. Fresh fruit mass loss is proportional to the applied phosphite concentration. Resumo Objetivou-se com o presente estudo determinar a melhor fonte e concentração de fosfito no controle da antracnose e seus efeitos nas características físicas e químicas em banana ‘Prata-anã’. Buquês de frutos de banana foram imersos em soluções contendo as diferentes formulações de fosfito de cobre FCu1 (4% de Cu + 20% de P2O5), FCu2 (4% de Cu + 22% de P2O5), nas concentrações de 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 mL L-1, e fosfito de potássio FK (42 % de P2O5 + 27,7% de K2O) nas concentrações de 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 mg L-1. As testemunhas consistiram na aplicação de água pura e aplicação do Imazalil (0,5 mL.L-1). Posteriormente, foram avaliadas a incidência e a severidade da antracnose a cada três dias. As características físicas e químicas dos frutos foram realizadas no término da avaliação da intensidade de antracnose. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Os resultados demonstraram que as diferentes fontes de fosfito FCu1, FCu2 e FK, nas concentrações testadas, não apresentaram eficácia no controle da antracnose. As características físicas e químicas dos frutos foram influenciadas pelas diferentes fontes e concentrações de fosfito aplicadas. A perda de massa fresca dos frutos é proporcional à concentração de fosfito aplicada.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of different phosphite formulations and concentrations on the development of Colletotrichum musae. Sample: to evaluate the inhibition of germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of Colletotrichum musae. Study Design: Treatments were conducted in a completely randomized design, with 4 replicates, each replicate consisting of 1 Petri dish. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Post-Harvest Pathology, State University of Montes Claros, between March and October 2017. Methodology: Three different phosphite formulations were used: FCu1 (4% Cu + 20% P2O5), FCu2 (4% Cu + 22% P2O5) at concentrations of 0.5;1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mL L-1 and FK (42% P2O5 + 27.7% K2O) at concentrations of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mg.L-1. Products were incorporated into the respective culture media. Culture medium alone and culture medium + imazalil were used as controls. Petri dishes were housed in BOD chamber at 25°C under a 12 hours photoperiod. Results: Results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression, and means were compared by the Tukey test (P

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthracnose intensity in ‘Prata-Anã’ banana with the application of three phosphite formulations in two application intervals in the developing banana bunches and to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits. In the field, in addition to producer management, three phosphite formulations were evaluated: FCu1 (4% Cu + 20% P2O5), FCu2 (4% Cu + 22% P2O5) and FK (42% P2O5 + 27.7% K2O) sprayed on banana bunches at different application frequencies: four and eight times. The experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design following a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with 3 phosphite formulations, pure water and no application and two application intervals. Pure water and no application were used as control. Fruits were harvested, stored in refrigeration chamber (25 ± 1 ° C and 80 ± 5% RH) and evaluated for anthracnose incidence and severity, as well as physical and chemical characteristics. The application of copper phosphite can control anthracnose incidence by 38% and severity by 49.5%. The frequency of phosphite application does not affect anthracnose intensity. FCu1 phosphite application in ‘Prata-Anã’ banana bunches, as well as eight phosphite applications increases fresh mass loss. Phosphite application frequency affected the chemical characteristics of banana fruits. Resumo O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a intensidade de antracnose em banana ‘Prata-Anã’ com aplicação de três formulações de fosfito, em dois intervalos de aplicação nos cachos da bananeira em desenvolvimento, e avaliar as características físicas e químicas dos frutos. No campo, em adição ao manejo do produtor, foram avaliadas três formulações de fosfito: FCu1 (4% de Cu + 20% de P2O5), FCu2 (4% de Cu + 22% de P2O5) e FK (42 % de P2O5 + 27,7% de K2O) pulverizados nos cachos da bananeira, em diferentes frequências de aplicação: quatro e oito vezes. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados, seguindo esquema fatorial 5 x 2, sendo 3 formulações de fosfito, água pura e sem aplicação e dois intervalos de aplicação. Foram adotadas como testemunha água pura e ausência de aplicação. Os frutos foram colhidos, armazenados em câmara de refrigeração (25 ±1°C e 80 ±5% UR) e avaliados quanto à incidência e à severidade da antracnose bem como as características físicas e químicas. A aplicação de fosfito de cobre pode controlar a incidência da antracnose em até 38%, e a severidade, em 49,5 %. As frequências de aplicação dos fosfitos não interferem na intensidade da antracnose. A aplicação de fosfito FCu1 nos cachos de banana ‘Prata-Anã’, assim como realizar oito aplicações de fosfitos, aumenta a perda de massa fresca. A frequência de aplicação dos fosfitos interferiu nas características químicas dos frutos de banana.

FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The balanced supply of nitrogen to fruit trees leads to higher fruit quality and reduced incidence of diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate anthracnose intensity and the physical and chemical characteristics of ‘Prata Anã’ banana under different nitrogen doses. Regarding anthracnose intensity, N doses of 150, 200, 250, 400 and 600 kg ha-1 were used. The Area Under the Incidence Progress (AUIPC) and Severity Curves (AUSPC) were evaluated. The physical and chemical characteristics were: fruit and pulp mass; soluble solids; starch; total, reducing and non-reducing sugars; coloration and nutrient concentration in peel, evaluated every three days for 15 days. Plants fertilized with N doses of 200, 250 and 400 kg.ha-1 had lower AUIPC values and the application of 250 kg.ha-1 reduced AUSPC in fruits inoculated with C. musae. N, P and K increased in banana peel, fruit and pulp mass, soluble solids, starch, total sugars, reducing sugars, with increasing N doses. There was no difference in the contents of micronutrients in fruit peel. N dose of 600 kg.ha-1 reduced the shelf life of fruits and provided higher sugar content and higher disease severity. O fornecimento equilibrado de nitrogênio para as fruteiras propicia maior qualidade dos frutos e redução de doenças. O objetivo foi avaliar a intensidade de antracnose e as características físicas e químicas em banana- ‘Prata-anã’ sob diferentes doses de nitrogênio. Na intensidade de antracnose, foram utilizados 150; 200; 250; 400 e 600 kg.ha-1 de N. Avaliaram-se a Área Abaixo da Curva de Progresso da Incidência (AACPI) e a Severidade (AACPS). As características físicas e químicas foram: massa do fruto e polpa; sólidos solúveis; amido; açúcares totais, redutores e não redutores; coloração e concentração de nutrientes na casca, avaliadas a cada três dias, por 15 dias. Plantas adubadas com 200; 250 e 400 kg.ha-1 de N apresentaram menores valores de AACPI, e a aplicação de 250 kg.ha-1 reduziu a AACPS em frutos inoculados com C. musae. Obteve-se aumento de N, P e K na casca da banana, na massa do fruto e da polpa, sólidos solúveis, amido, açúcares totais, açúcares redutores, com o aumento das doses de N. Não houve diferença nos teores de micronutrientes na casca dos frutos. A dose de 600 kg.ha-1 reduziu a vida de prateleira dos frutos e proporcionou maior teor de açúcar e maior severidade de doença.

Anthracnose stands out among rot diseases that can occur in the post-harvest phase of banana. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermotherapy in the control of anthracnose in ‘Prata Anã’ banana produced in northern state of Minas Gerais. Bananas ‘Prata Anã’ variety were divided into groups of three fruits and inoculated with Colletotrichum musae. Groups were submitted to thermotherapy using five temperatures (40°C, 44°C, 48°C, 52°C and 56°C) and four immersion times (4, 8, 12 and 16 minutes) and control. Treatments were repeated five times in a completely randomized design. Area under the incidence progress curve (AUIPC) and area under the severity progress curve (AUSPC) were calculated. To evaluate the thermotherapy efficiency compared to chemical control, fruits were submitted to the following treatments: thermotherapy with and without fungicide application and fruits treated with fungicide only, the control fruits without thermotherapy and without fungicide application. After fifteen days of storage, fruits were evaluated for anthracnose severity. The results of experiments were submitted to analysis of variance and regression and means were compared by the Scott-Knott test (p

FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Alternative forms of disease control in fruits have been researched in an attempt to minimize the negative effects of chemical control on men and environment. The aim of this study was to determine the best concentration of essential oils to control the development of Colletotrichum musae and anthracnose intensity in ‘Prata Anã’ banana. In order to inhibit germination, mycelial growth and sporulation, four essential oils of clove (Eugenia caryophyllus), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) species were used at concentrations of 2, 4, 6 and 8 μL. In fruits, the same essential oils were applied at concentrations of 80, 160, 240 and 320 μL to evaluate the incidence and severity of anthracnose. Clove and thyme oils were the most efficient in inhibiting mycelial growth, germination and sporulation at all concentrations tested. The volatile compounds present in clove and thyme oils provide complete inhibition of fungal growth. Tea tree and ginger oils have the ability to suppress anthracnose in ‘Prata Anã’ banana. Concentrations of 160 μL of ginger oil, 160 and 240 μL of tea tree oil reduced the anthracnose severity in fruits. Ginger and tea tree essential oils have the potential to control banana anthracnose, reducing the anthracnose incidence in fruits by 48% and 24%, respectively.

Alguns hibridos tetraploides apresentam resistência à antracnose, porém são reduzidas as informações sobre os níveis de resistência desses genótipos e o comportamento dos mesmos no Brasil. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a incidência e a severidade de antracnose sobre o comportamento de diferentes genótipos de bananeiras resistentes a Sigatoka-Negra em função de diferentes concentrações de conídios de Colletotrichum musae em diferentes épocas de avaliação. Os frutos colhidos no estádio de maturação fisiológica dos genótipos, Thap Maeo, Caipira, Pacovan Ken, Ambrosia, PV 42-53, PA 42-44, FHIA 01, FHIA 18 e a cultivar Prata-Anã utilizada como testemunha. Buquês contendo três frutos foram atomizados com diferentes concentrações (0; 10²; 10³; 10(4); 10(5) e 10(6) conídios/mL) de C. musae. Os frutos foram incubados a 25 ºC. A incidência e severidade da antracnose foi avaliada aos 3; 6; 9 e 12 dias após a inoculação. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 9x6x4 (genótipos, concentrações de esporos e épocas de avaliação), com quatro repetições, contendo quatro buquês de três frutos. Aos doze dias de avaliação, todos os frutos de todos os genótipos estudados apresentaram incidência de C. musae quando inoculados com as diferentes concentrações de inóculo. A cultivar Thap Maeo apresentou a menor severidade (27,5%) de antracnose, enquanto os genótipos Ambrosia, PV 42-53, FHIA 18 e FHIA 01 foram as mais suscetíveis à antracnose com 64%, 64%, 61,33% e 58% de severidade, respectivamente. Some tetraploides hybrids present resistance to anthracnose, however the information on the levels of resistance of these genotypes and the behavior in Brazil are reduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of injury on the behavior of different banana genotypes resistant to Black Sigatoka for different concentrations of conidia of Colletotrichum musae in different times of evaluation. The fruits of the genotypes, Thap Maeo, Caipira, Pacovan Ken, Ambrosia, PV 42-53, PA 42-44, FHIA 01, FHIA 18 and cultivar Prata Anã, were collected at the stage of physiological maturation. Bunches containing three fruits were atomized with different concentrations: 0, 10², 10³, 10(4), 10(5) and 10(6) conidia/mL of C. musae. The fruits were incubated at 25 ºC. The incidence and severity of the anthracnose were evaluated 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after the inoculation. A completely randomized experimental design was used, in a factorial scheme 9x6x4 (genotypes, concentrations of spores and evaluation periods) with four replications containing four bunches of three fruits. After twelve days of evaluation all the fruits of all the studied genotypes presented incidence of C. musae when different concentrations of inoculum were used. Concerning the severity of the anthracnose, the cultivar Thap Maeo had the lowest severity (27,5%) of anthracnose while the genotypes Ambrosia, PV 42-53, FHIA 18 and FHIA 01 were the most susceptible to the anthracnose at 64%, 64%, 61,33%, 58% of severity, respectively.

RESUMO A antracnose é uma das principais doenças pós-colheita em bananas. O trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar, durante dez meses, a intensidade da antracnose e o efeito da lavagem e sanitização das frutas no controle da doença em pós-colheita de bananas. O experimento foi realizado de setembro de 2013 a junho de 2014. As coletas dos frutos foram realizadas, mensalmente, em cinco propriedades comerciais localizadas nos municípios de Jaíba, Janaúba e Nova Porteirinha, cultivadas com banana ‘Prata-Anã’. As pencas foram subdivididas em buquês de três frutos, o delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial e submetidos aos tratamentos: frutos sem a realização da lavagem (testemunha); frutos lavados na propriedade; frutos lavados no laboratório com hipoclorito de sódio a 2%; frutos lavados no laboratório com hipoclorito de sódio a 2% seguido de aplicação com fungicida Imazalil. As avaliações foram realizadas em 10 épocas e os tratamentos repetidos cinco vezes. Calculou-se área abaixo da curva de progresso da intensidade (AACPI) e área abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade (AACPS). Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas através do teste de Scott-Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. A maior intensidade de antracnose em bananas no Norte de Minas ocorre nos meses de novembro de 2013 a março de 2014. A menor intensidade ocorre nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2013 e abril a junho de 2014. Nos meses de novembro a março, época de maior intensidade de doença, a lavagem dos frutos com detergente neutro e hipoclorito de sódio a 2% seguida de aplicação do fungicida Imazalil é a técnica mais eficiente de controle. A lavagem dos frutos, apenas com detergente neutro pode favorecer o aparecimento de antracnose, pela degradação da cutícula. ABSTRACT Anthracnose is one of the major post harvest diseases of bananas. The study aimed to evaluate for ten months the intensity of the anthracnose and the effect of washing and sanitizing of the fruits in the disease control on the post harvest of bananas. The experiment was conducted from September 2013 to June 2014. The samplings of the fruits were held monthly in five commercial properties located in the cities of Jaíba, Janaúba and Nova Porteirinha, cultivated with banana “Prata-Anã”. The bunch of bananas were subdivided into bouquets of three fruits, the experimental design was entirely randomized in factorial scheme and subjected to the treatments: fruits without the realization of the washing (control); fruits washed in the property; fruits washed in the laboratory with sodium hypochlorite at 2%; fruits washed in the laboratory with sodium hypochlorite followed by 2% Imazalil fungicide application. The evaluations were performed in 10 seasons, and the treatments replicated five times. It was calculated the area below the intensity progress curve (ABIPC) and the area below the severity progress curve (ABSPC).The results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and average compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability. The highest intensity of anthracnose on bananas in North of Minas Gerais occurred in the months of November 2013 to March 2014. The lower intensity occurred in the months of September and October 2013 and from April to June 2014. In the months from November to March, period of higher intensity of the disease, the washing of the fruits with neutral detergent and sodium hypochlorite at 2% followed by application of Imazalil fungicide is the most efficient control technique. Washing of fruit, only with neutral detergent may increase the incidence of anthracnose, a deterioration of the cuticle.