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BackgroundThe HLA-B*57:01 allele is associated with a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir. Due to the lack of knowledge of HLA-B*57:01 prevalence in Colombia, routine screening is not performed and is not recommended by the national guidelines. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HLA-B*57:01 in HIV population from Colombia.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included naïve HIV-infected adults from 13 cities of the country. The presence of HLA-B*57:01 was determined by using SSP-PCR in blood samples. Prevalence rates were stratified by sex, race, and region of origin.ResultsHLA-B*57:01 allele prevalence in Colombian HIV-infected individuals was 2.7%. When stratifying for the race, the prevalence was 4% for whites, 2.6% for other race (mainly mestizo), and 1.9% for Afro-Colombians. The prevalence varied from 0% up to 11.4% depending on the department of origin. The highest prevalence rates were found in Caldas (11.4%), Antioquia (5%), Risaralda (4.8%), and Valle del Cauca (4.3%). When distributed by country zones, the central, with a racial predominance of Caucasians and mestizos, was the highest (6.0%, 0R = 4.1, CI 1.2–12.8,p = 0,016).ConclusionsThe overall prevalence of HLA-B*57:01 in Colombia was lower than the reported rates for other Latin American countries such as Brazil, Costa Rica, and Argentina, but similar in comparison to Chile and Mexico. The diversity in the racial and ethnic heritage shown in our data supports the recommendation to implement routine screening for the HLA-B*57:01 allele before initiation of abacavir-containing antiretroviral therapy in the Colombian HIV management guidelines.

ResumenIntroducciónLa resistencia bacteriana se consolida como una amenaza para los sistemas de salud en el manejo de las enfermedades infecciosas. La vigilancia epidemiológica de la resistencia bacteriana ha demostrado ser una estrategia efectiva para conocer los patrones de susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos regionales para el desarrollo de medidas de contención y gestión del uso adecuado de antimicrobianos.ObjetivoDescribir los aislamientos microbiológicos y perfiles de resistencia a los antimicrobianos de las principales bacterias gram-negativas y gram-positivas en clínicas y hospitales de alta complejidad de Santiago de Cali, Colombia.MetodologíaEstudio descriptivo enmarcado en la estrategia de vigilancia epidemiológica de la resistencia bacteriana desarrollado entre el año 2010 al 2012 en 13 instituciones de alta complejidad. Se recolectaron archivos mensualmente en formato WHONET, se realizaron pruebas de calidad de datos. El análisis fue estratificado por tipos de localización hospitalaria, además de análisis de tendencia a través de los 3 años de seguimiento.ResultadosEl 65% de los aislamientos son bacterias de la familia enterobacteriaceae y el 11,4% corresponden a Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli presenta hasta un 17% de resistencia a cefalosporinas de 3.a generación mientras que Klebsiella pneumoniae ha incrementado su perfil de resistencia a carbapenémicos hasta un 2,7% en las UCI; Pseudomonas aeruginosa presenta un perfil MDR de hasta el 21% en UCI y salas de hospitalización general.ConclusionesExisten altas prevalencias de resistencia a los antimicrobianos en la región; se requiere fortalecer estrategias de vigilancia, prevención y control de la resistencia bacteriana en ambientes hospitalarios y de la comunidad.AbstractBackgroundBacterial resistance has established itself as a threat to healthcare systems in the management of infectious diseases. Epidemiological surveillance of bacterial resistance has proven to be an effective strategy to examine the patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility in order to develop regional containment strategies and to manage the appropriate use of antibiotics.ObjectiveTo describe the microbiological profiles of isolates and the antimicrobial resistance of major gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in clinics and hospitals of Santiago de Cali, Colombia.MethodsDescriptive study framed by the epidemiological surveillance strategy of the bacterial resistance developed between the years 2010 to 2012 in 13 institutions of higher complexity. Files were collected monthly in WHONET format and were tested for data quality. The analysis was stratified by type of hospital location, in addition to a trend analysis over the 3-year follow-up period.ResultsA total of 65% of the isolates were of the Enterobacteriaceae family and 11.4% were Staphylococcus spp. Escherichia coli showed up to 17% resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins, while Klebsiella pneumoniae increased its carbapenem resistance profile to 2.7% in the ICU. Pseudomonas aeruginosa presented a multidrug resistant (MDR) profile of up to 21% in ICU and in the general ward.ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in the region; we must strengthen strategies for surveillance, prevention and control of bacterial resistance in hospital settings and in the community.