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Background Colorectal cancer remains a major global public health challenge. Its incidence is shaped by a complex interplay of screening programmes and age, period and cohort factors. Methods We introduce a novel Age-Period-Cohort-Screening (APCS) model to analyse trends in colorectal cancer incidence in Taiwan from 2000 to 2019. Results In 2010, the incidence of colorectal cancer in Taiwan increased by 19.2% (95% CI: 13.5%, 25.3%) for men and 15.6% (95% CI: 9.2%, 22.4%) for women. This was followed by annual declines of 3.4% (95% CI: 2.8%, 4.1%) and 3.1% (95% CI: 2.4%, 3.9%), respectively. By 2015 for men and 2014 for women, the age-standardized incidence had fallen below the levels projected in a no-screening scenario. By 2019, the incidence had further declined by 12.4% (95% CI: 11.8%, 13.1%) for men and 11.6% (95% CI: 10.7%, 12.6%) for women, compared with the no-screening scenario. Cohort effects have shown a persistent rise from 1920 to 1980: incidence increased 5.8-fold for men and 3.1-fold for women. The trend began to plateau after 1980, with a noticeable decline in women. Conclusion Through its screening programme, Taiwan has successfully reduced colorectal cancer incidence by 10% as of 2019. Furthermore, the incidence due to cohort effects has plateaued and even begun to decline. However, continued monitoring remains crucial. The advanced APCS model could serve as a robust analytical tool for other researchers and policy makers evaluating the impacts of cancer screening programmes on incidence trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although diabetes is a poor prognostic factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), whether diabetes severity provides an additional predictive value for CRC prognosis remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the prognostic differences after curative CRC resection among patients with different diabetic severities. Methods: This population‐based retrospective cohort study analyzed data registered between 2007 and 2015 in the Cancer Registry Database, which is linked to the National Health Insurance Research Database and National Death Registry. Patients with CRC who underwent curative radical resection for stage I–III disease were evaluated, with their diabetic status subdivided into no diabetes, diabetes without complication, and diabetes with complications. Cox regressions were applied to determine the association between diabetes severity and CRC survival, including overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), time to recurrence, and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). Results: A total of 59,202 patients with CRC were included. Compared with the no diabetes group, the diabetes without complication group has insignificantly worse OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.09), DFS (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04–1.12), and CSS (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.93–1.03), whereas those with complicated diabetes had a significantly higher risk of poor survival (OS: HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.78–1.92; DFS: HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.69–1.82; CSS: HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.33–1.49). Patients with CRC and diabetes also had a higher risk of recurrence than did those without diabetes. Sex and TNM staging were important effect modifiers. Conclusions: Among patients with CRC who undergo curative resection, the severity of the diabetes is inversely correlated with long‐term outcomes, especially in women and patients in the earlier stages of CRC. Plain Language Summary: The prognostic impact of diabetes severity in colorectal cancer (CRC) is yet to be clarified.In this cohort study of 59,202 patients with CRC, compared with patients with CRC and without diabetes, those with uncomplicated diabetes had an insignificantly worse CRC survival, whereas those with complicated diabetes had a significantly higher risk of poor survival.Multidisciplinary medical care to prevent progression into diabetes with complications is needed to improve survival among patients with CRC and diabetes. Among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who undergo curative resection, the severity of diabetes is inversely correlated with long‐term outcomes, especially in women and those in earlier CRC stages. Multidisciplinary medical care to prevent progression into diabetes with complications is needed to improve survival among patients with CRC and diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: As the effect of laparoscopic surgery on elderly patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear, this propensity score–weighted cohort study revealed that laparoscopic surgery is a favorable method for elderly patients with CRC than open surgery in terms of less pulmonary-related postoperative morbidity and mortality, less hospital stay and similar oncological outcomes. Advanced age is a risk factor for major abdominal surgery due to a decline in physical function and increased comorbidities. Although laparoscopic surgery provides good results in most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), its effect on elderly patients remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes between open and laparoscopic surgeries in elderly patients with CRC. Total 1350 patients aged ≥75 years who underwent curative resection for stage I–III primary CRC were enrolled retrospectively and were divided into open surgery (846 patients) and laparoscopy (504 patients) groups. After propensity score weighting to balance an uneven distribution, a competing risk analysis was used to analyze the short-term and long-term outcomes. Postoperative mortality rates were lower in the laparoscopy group, especially due to pulmonary complications. Postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopy group than in the open surgery group. Overall survival, disease-free survival, and competing risk analysis showed no significant differences between the two groups. Laparoscopic surgery for elderly patients with CRC significantly decreased pulmonary-related postoperative morbidity and mortality in this large cohort study. Laparoscopic surgery is a favorable method for elderly patients with CRC than open surgery in terms of less hospital stay and similar oncological outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]