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Studies have suggested the importance of implementing climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in combination with considering possible co-benefit and trade-off among them. However, quantification of such co-benefit/trade-off at city level is still in its infancy. Accordingly, using a micro zone level spatial explicit land use model which we have developed, this study assesses the co-benefit/trade-off of mitigation measure (compact city policy) and adaptation measure (retreat from high flood hazard areas) from the view point of CO 2 emissions and expected loss due to the damage by river floods. For the assessment of residential CO 2 emissions, this paper utilizes the microdata of National survey of family income and expenditure. The results suggest the importance of careful planning to create compact city to avoid trade-off. This study was funded by “Research Program on Climate Change Adaptation (RECCA)” of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Designing a future smart city (FSC) that copes with the reduction of CO2 has become one of the urgent tasks of the next 20years. One promising approach to achieve FSC is to combine appropriate land use (compact city with energy efficient buildings and photovoltaic panels (PVs)), transportation (electric vehicles (EVs) and public transportation system) and energy systems (smart grid systems), because of the interaction between these elements. However, there are few models which simulate these elements in an integrated manner. This paper presents the concept of the integrated model, and shows the land use-energy part of the model created for the Tokyo metropolitan area, which is the largest Mega city in the world. Firstly, a spatially explicit land use model (urban economic model) is constructed for the study area, and the model is calibrated using existing statistical data. Secondly, possible future compact/dispersion city scenarios for the year 2050 are created using the model. Thirdly, intra-day dynamics (hourly) of electricity demand and supply from PVs, which is assumed to be installed to the roofs of all detached houses in the study area, under two urban scenarios is simulated. The obtained results suggest that [1] “compact” urban form may contribute to the reduction of electricity demand from the residential sector, but [2] PV-supply under the scenario may also be reduced because of the decreased share of detached houses. Hence in the compact city scenario, it is important to discuss the effective use of vacant areas in suburbs, which may be used for large PV installations, or be re-vegetated to mitigate urban heat island effects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]