29 results on '"sociedades"'
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2. RESPONSABILIDAD DE DIRECTORES POR GANANCIAS ILÍCITAS.
- Author
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García Long, Sergio
- Abstract
Copyright of Themis: Revista de Derecho is the property of Themis Asociacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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3. GESTIONANDO EN ZONA DE INSOLVENCIA: DEBERES DEL DIRECTORIO ANTE SITUACIONES DE PÉRDIDAS.
- Author
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Robilliard D'Onofrio, Paolo and Palomino Basurto, Luciana María
- Abstract
Copyright of Themis: Revista de Derecho is the property of Themis Asociacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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4. El Gobierno Corporativo en las Sociedades de Capital Cerrado. Un criterio para la Sostenibilidad de las Empresas en Colombia.
- Author
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Tristancho Pineda, Mariam Daniela, Carrillo Rivera, Andrés Fernando, and López Oliva, José
- Subjects
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CORPORATE governance , *CORPORATE purposes , *BEST practices , *BUSINESS enterprises , *INCORPORATION , *QUALITATIVE research - Abstract
This research aims to show that good corporate governance practices in closed capital companies generate benefits for the company and for interest groups, directly and indirectly related to the development of its corporate purpose. Currently, the implementation of the aforementioned good practices in closed capital companies is voluntary, that is, companies of this type do not have the obligation to incorporate this tool into their usual business practice. Therefore, the execution of the standards and principles established by corporate governance is necessary for the sustainability of companies. To demonstrate the above, this work is based on the qualitative research approach with an exploratory scope, on the critical hermeneutic method and, in addition, on the techniques of documentary review and conversation with experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
5. OS PROCEDIMENTOS DE DETERMINAÇÃO DOS PREÇOS DE TRANSFERÊNCIA.
- Author
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DE CAMPOS AMORIM, JOSÉ
- Abstract
The transfer pricing is based in the arm's length principle, which is based on the assumption that transactions taking place between related companies must be identical to transactions occurred between the independent companies. Traditional or non-traditional methods can be used to calculate the transfer pricing. Failure to comply with arm's length principle, may lead to tax corrections made by the tax administration that will increase the amount of tax due to the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. LA PUBLICIDAD REGISTRAL DE LAS SUCURSALES.
- Author
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Díaz Ruiz, Emilio
- Subjects
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RECORDING & registration , *BUSINESS enterprise laws , *ECONOMIC activity , *BRANCHES (Business enterprises) - Abstract
The cross-border economic activity by means of branch is a phenomenon more and more usual in a global world, and is even more evident within certain sectors of said activity. In order to facilitate the acquaintance with the subjects so intervening in the market, a sufficient registry publicity is needed. There are some legal rules issued by the UE regarding the registry publicity of the branches, although limited to a limited number of companies; Spanish legal rules, however, do not differentiate when dealing with the publicity of foreign branches, but they would require an update to accommodate them to the present situation of the economic activities and to better fit them with the UE directives [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
7. REFLEXIONES SOBRE LA MODERNIZACIÓN DEL DERECHO EUROPEO DE SOCIEDADES: FORUM SOCIETATIS Y LEX SOCIETATIS.
- Author
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BALLESTEROS BARROS, Ángel María
- Subjects
EUROPEAN Union law ,CONFLICT of laws ,CORPORATION law ,JURISPRUDENCE ,JUSTICE - Abstract
Copyright of Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional Privado is the property of Iprolex SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO DEL PROYECTO DE LEY DE CREACIÓN DE LAS SOCIEDADES POR ACCIONES SIMPLIFICADAS.
- Author
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Abdala, Martín E.
- Abstract
Copyright of Prolegómenos Derechos y Valores is the property of Prolegomenos Derechos y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DESLEAL EN EL SISTEMA ITALIANO: EL DELITO DE INFEDELTÀ PATRIMONIALE.
- Author
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GÁLVEZ JIMÉNEZ, AIXA
- Abstract
ABSTRACT: The latest amendment to the Criminal Code introduced by Ley Órganica 1/2015, of March 30th, has appended in Article 252 Criminal Code a new offense of unfair administration of generic alien assets, and has eliminated the offense that criminalized irregular conduct of unfair administration exclusively in the corporate field. Likewise, the Italian legal system has maintained, since its came into force in 2002, a specific leagal precept (Article 2634 of the Codice Civile) aimed to punish the infedeltà patrimoniale that take place in the field of Companies. It is interesting to know the treatment of the Italian illicit, and also its connection with the patrimonial offense of Article 252 Criminal Code, because such research will allow us to appreciate the similarities and differences between the two categories of offence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
10. Fusión de sociedades en Colombia: Criterio de la Superintendencia de Sociedades y Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio en casos de amenaza a la competencia
- Author
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Márquez Chiquillo, Sandra Yeraldin, Maldonado Narvaez, Marlon Ivan, and Universidad Santo Tomás
- Subjects
Autorización del acuerdo de fusión ,Reforma a los estatutos ,Reform to the statutes ,Derecho ,Companies merger ,Authorization of the merger agreement ,Economic competition ,Business integration ,Sociedades ,Competencia económica ,Integración Empresarial ,Fusión de sociedades ,Companies - Abstract
Dentro del presente proyecto se determinará el criterio manejado por la Superintendencia de Sociedades (en adelante SuperSociedades) y la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio (en adelante SIC) frente a la fusión empresarial en Colombia cuando existe amenaza a la competencia económica. Para llegar a ello, en primer lugar, se realizará una definición general de fusión, fusión empresarial, su origen, y su llegada e impacto en Colombia; en segundo lugar, se analizará cómo se ha regulado en Colombia la fusión de sociedades, y en específico, cual ha sido la regulación de la fusión de sociedades frente a la amenaza a la competencia, ello atendiendo a la legislación vigente sobre el tema y las normativas de la SuperSociedades y la SIC; por último, se presentará un examen del criterio manejado por estas superintendencias en la aprobación de la reforma a los estatutos con fines de fusión en los casos en que exista Amenaza a la competencia, ello atendiendo a sus decisiones en casos concretos. Within the present project, the criterium handled by the Superintendence of Corporations (hereinafter SuperSociedades) and the Financial Superintendence of Colombia (hereinafter SIC) will be determined against the business merger in Colombia when there is a threat to economic competition. To achieve this, firstly, a general definition of merger, business merger, its origin, and its arrival and impact in Colombia will be made; secondly, it will be analyzed how the merger of companies has been regulated in Colombia, and specifically, which has been the regulation of the companies merger against the threat to competition, this in accordance with current legislation on the subject and the regulations of the SuperSociedades and the SIC; Finally, an examination of the standard used by these superintendencies in the approval of the amendment to the statutes for merger purposes in cases where there is a threat to competition will be presented, taking into account its decisions in specific cases. Abogado Pregrado
- Published
- 2021
11. Academic achievement and the effects of the student’s learning context: a study on PISA data
- Author
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Mayra Antonelli-Ponti, Patrícia Ferreira Monticelli, Fabiana Maris Versuti, Josiane Rosa Campos, Luciana Carla dos Santos Elias, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
- Subjects
Emotional support ,family ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public policy ,educação ,Context (language use) ,Academic achievement ,vínculo social ,sociedades ,companies ,laço social ,school environment ,ambiente escolar ,Reading (process) ,medicine ,Mathematics education ,Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,media_common ,familia ,família ,education ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,General Medicine ,BF1-990 ,School performance ,Feeling ,Anxiety ,social bond ,educación ,medicine.symptom ,0503 education ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:26:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-21. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:30:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-82712021000100013.pdf: 359347 bytes, checksum: 4a2b610566e8ef5ffd218cf0d754acd2 (MD5) O desempenho escolar está sujeito a um contexto de múltiplos fatores, relacionados ao estudante, escola e família (EEF). A partir de autorrelatos de 23.141 brasileiros, obtidos do PISA 2015, foram selecionadas medidas representativas de EEF e medidos seus impactos sobre escores de desempenho escolar em matemática, leitura e ciências. Registrou-se forte correlação entre a sensação de pertencimento à escola (BELONG) e suporte emocional da família (EMOSUPS) com os três desempenhos investigados; o EMOSUPS teve efeito sobre como o estudante se sente na escola e quando é avaliado; os recursos educacionais e culturais do lar afetaram as três dimensões de EEC, no sentido de aumentar o EMOSUPS, BELONG, e os desempenhos escolares e diminuição da ansiedade durante avaliações. Reitera-se assim a importância do ambiente escolar e da família sobre o desempenho dos estudantes, e a necessidade de essas dimensões serem alvo de políticas públicas na área da educação. School achievement is under a multiple factorial context related to student, school and family (SSF). Based on 23.141 Brazilians self-reports, obtained from PISA 2015, representative SSF measures were selected, and their impacts measured on school performance scores in mathematics, reading and science. The feeling of belonging to the school (BELONG) and parents’ emotional support (EMOSUPS) were strongly correlated with the three investigated performances. EMOSUPS affected how the student feels at school and when being assessed. And the educational and cultural resources of the home affected EEC three dimensions, increasing EMOSUPS, BELONG and school performance, and decreasing anxiety during assessments. Thus, the importance of the school and family environments on students’ performance is reiterated and calls for public policies in education that considers the three dimensions. El rendimiento escolar se comprende bajo un contexto factorial múltiple, relacionado con el estudiante, la escuela y la familia (EEF). Con base en 23.141 autoinformes de brasileños, obtenidos del examen PISA 2015, se seleccionaron medidas de EEF representativas y se midieron sus impactos en los puntajes de rendimiento escolar en matemáticas, lectura y ciencias. El sentimiento de pertenencia a la escuela (BELONG) y el apoyo emocional de los padres (EMOSUPS) se correlacionaron estrechamente con los tres desempeños investigados. El EMOSUPS influyó en cómo se siente el estudiante, tanto en la escuela como cuando está siendo evaluado. Los recursos educativos y culturales del hogar afectaron a las tres dimensiones del EEC, aumentando el EMOSUPS, BELONG y el rendimiento escolar, y disminuyendo la ansiedad durante las evaluaciones. Ante estos resultados, se reitera la importancia del entorno escolar y familiar en el rendimiento de los estudiantes y la necesidad de que las políticas públicas en educación consideren estas tres dimensiones. Universidade de São Paulo Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista
- Published
- 2021
12. O Seguro de Responsabilidade Civil dos Administradores das Sociedades Comerciais: Do D&O Insurance de Origem Anglo-Saxónica à Praxis Societária Portuguesa
- Author
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Marques, Flávia Salgueiro and Abreu, Jorge Manuel Coutinho
- Subjects
D&O ,Insurance ,Liability ,Responsabilidade ,Administradores ,Sociedades ,Directors ,Companies ,Seguro - Abstract
Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de Direito Parece-nos incontornável que os administradores das sociedades comerciais sejam diariamente confrontados com variados e relevantes riscos no desempenho das suas funções. Contamos com um regime de responsabilidade dos membros do órgão de administração que nos demonstra exatamente isso. Nestes termos, a decisão de aceitação de um cargo de administrador de uma sociedade comercial não pode (não deve) ser tomada de ânimo leve. Cada vez mais, e perante acontecimentos recentes tanto a nível internacional, como entre nós, devem as sociedades equacionar formas de proteção dos seus administradores, de modo a conseguir atrair os mais talentosos e competentes. É neste contexto que surge o seguro de responsabilidade dos administradores das sociedades comerciais, nascido em Londres e desenvolvido nos EUA, com traços das experiências europeias, chegando até nós já bastante sofisticado. Apesar de não ser tipicamente legal, por não estar regulamentado entre nós, é, sem dúvida, tipicamente social. Ao longo deste estudo, propomo-nos a ver em que termos e quais os desafios e questões jurídicas que se colocam aos administradores e às sociedades que o contratam. Visitando primeiro a experiência anglo-saxónica, e dando conta dos desenvolvimentos europeus, começamos por fazer a distinção do seguro de que tratamos com figuras próximas, olhando com mais pormenor para a questão da corporate indemnification. Depois, centramo-nos numa análise das apólices D&O comercializadas em Portugal, nomeadamente as coberturas oferecidas e as suas exclusões típicas. Finalmente, importa averiguar os (in)efeitos da contratação deste seguro na corporate governance das sociedades. It seems unavoidable that the directors of commercial companies are faced, on a daily basis, with various and relevant risks in the performance of their duties. There is a liability regime for the directors and officers that proves exactly our point. Accordingly, the decision to accept the position of director of a commercial company cannot (shall not) be taken lightly. Increasingly, and in view of recent events both internationally and among us, companies must consider ways of protecting their directors, so that they are able to attract the most talented and competent among them. That being said, the directors’ and officers’ insurance, born in London and developed in the United States of America, with traces of the European experiences, reached us at a quite sophisticated stage. Although it is not typically legal, as it is not regulated among us, it is undoubtedly typically social. Throughout this study, we propose to see in what terms that is, and which are the challenges and legal issues that are raised for both directors and companies alike.Visiting the anglo-saxonic experience, and bearing in mind the european developments, we start by distinguishing the D&O insurance from similar figures, especially the corporate indemnification. Then, we focus on an analysis of the D&O policies marketed in Portugal, namely the coverage offered and its typical exclusions. Finally, we find it important to ascertain the effects, if any, of hiring this insurance on the companies' corporate governance.
- Published
- 2020
13. Alianzas estratégicas: alternativas generadoras de valor.
- Author
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Rojas López, Miguel David, Rincón López, Carolina, and Mesa León, Santiago
- Abstract
Copyright of Universidad & Empresa is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
14. Medidas durante el COVID-19 y Derecho Mercantil (Parte I: aspectos societarios y del mercado de valores)
- Author
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Corberá-Martínez, José Miguel
- Subjects
08.- Fomentar el crecimiento económico sostenido, inclusivo y sostenible, el empleo pleno y productivo, y el trabajo decente para todos ,Derecho Mercantil ,COVID-19 ,Sociedades ,Stock markets ,Commercial Law ,Measures ,Medidas ,Companies ,Mercados de valores - Abstract
[ES] La crisis generada por la pandemia del COVID-19 ha obligado a tomar múltiples medidas de diferente índole para paliar sus efectos bajo el estado de alarma. Entre estas medidas se encuentran aquellas que repercuten en diversas instituciones del Derecho Mercantil, como son las referentes al Derecho de sociedades y el Mercado de Valores., [EN] The crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic has forced it to take multiple measures of different kinds to mitigate its effects under the alarm state. These measures include those that have repercussions on various commercial law institutions, such as those relating to company law and the stock market.
- Published
- 2020
15. La acción concursal de responsabilidad en el derecho argentino.
- Author
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Abdala, Martín E.
- Subjects
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ACTIONS & defenses (Law) , *LEGAL liability , *BANKRUPTCY , *LAW , *EXECUTIVES , *DEBTOR & creditor - Abstract
Bankruptcy and Insolvency Law in Argentina foresees a special lawsuit commonly called lawsuit for liability due to bankruptcy, which main purpose is to protect bankruptcy equity; which can be filed against the managers and the commonly called accomplice third parties. Origin of this action assumes that managers have already executed actions which may affect the company's assets or allowed the company's insolvency. These actions should have been executed within a year before the initial date payments ceased. Imputation of liability can only be effective when willful misconduct has been proven. The lawsuit executed as an ordinary trial should be solved before the bankruptcy judge and is not subject to prior payment. Filing should be made by the receiver who should be authorized by the creditors. If the receiver fails to file the lawsuit despite having been called by the bankruptcy judge, any creditor with interest in the case shall be entitled to do it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
16. Measures under COVID-19 and Commercial Law (Part I: company and stock market aspects)
- Author
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Corberá-Martínez, José Miguel|||0000-0002-4293-7251
- Subjects
08.- Fomentar el crecimiento económico sostenido, inclusivo y sostenible, el empleo pleno y productivo, y el trabajo decente para todos ,Derecho Mercantil ,COVID-19 ,Sociedades ,Stock markets ,Commercial Law ,Measures ,Medidas ,Companies ,Mercados de valores - Abstract
[ES] La crisis generada por la pandemia del COVID-19 ha obligado a tomar múltiples medidas de diferente índole para paliar sus efectos bajo el estado de alarma. Entre estas medidas se encuentran aquellas que repercuten en diversas instituciones del Derecho Mercantil, como son las referentes al Derecho de sociedades y el Mercado de Valores. [EN] The crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic has forced it to take multiple measures of different kinds to mitigate its effects under the alarm state. These measures include those that have repercussions on various commercial law institutions, such as those relating to company law and the stock market.
- Published
- 2020
17. L'arbitrato societario nell'ordinamento italiano.
- Author
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CIAN, MARCO
- Subjects
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CORPORATION law , *ARBITRATION & award , *CLAUSES (Law) , *LEGAL procedure , *LAW , *BUSINESS enterprises , *CIVIL procedure - Abstract
Corporate arbitration was brought into the Italian regulatory system by article 34 of d.lgs. 5/2003 [legislative decree 5/2003], in accordance with principles distinct from those governing arbitration under the civil procedure code; the former is the only form of arbitration admissible in the corporate sphere. Its area of application is extensive, taking in all companies (not just public companies) and binding all members and persons responsible for the administration and control of a company. However, the matters to which this form of arbitration applies are still very much open to argument, as the el d.lgs. 5/2003 is limited to disputes about «available rights». There are also distinctive aspects to the rules on arbitration procedure (especially as regards the appointment of arbitrators). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
18. Ethical view of accounting public in colombia, according to the statistical data of the board central counters in the last 5 years
- Author
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Sánchez Claros, Héctor Mauricio and Novoa Suárez, Nancy Yadira
- Subjects
Employees ,Sanciones ,ETICA PROFESIONAL ,Leyes ,Laws ,Independent ,CONTADORES - RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL ,Independientes ,Accountants public ,Penalties ,Professional ,Empleados ,Profesionales ,CONTADURIA ,Sociedades ,Companies ,Contadores públicos - Abstract
En Colombia los contadores públicos ejercen como función principal la generación de información contable y financiera, que permita servir de soporte para la toma de decisiones estratégicas. Esta información debe ser de tal calidad que aporte al desarrollo de la organización y permita que esta sea competitiva ante el actual mundo globalizado. Sin embargo, las prácticas de algunos profesionales, independientes o empleados, se realiza sin tener en cuenta los principios éticos de la profesión. Esta investigación cualitativa, está enmarcada dentro de la línea de investigación de Aseguramiento, control y Gobierno Corporativo y la sublinea de la Ética profesional y responsabilidad social del Contador Público. Con este trabajo se busca analizar la situación de la cantidad de profesionales de la rama, sancionados por diferentes conductas que vulneran las leyes establecidas, afectando directamente la confianza de la sociedad colombiana. Por lo anterior surge la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Cuál es el panorama ético del profesional del Contador Público en Colombia de acuerdo con los datos estadísticos de la Junta Central de Contadores en los últimos 5 años? Actualmente existe una amplia normatividad en materia contable y financiera, las medidas de regulación y vigilancia por parte del Estado son cada vez más exigentes con el fin de garantizar la legalidad, el cumplimiento y la transparencia en los movimientos realizados por las diferentes empresas sean públicas o privadas. Estas empresas al ser responsables del manejo y la presentación de información propia o de terceros, deben contar con profesionales capaces, íntegros y éticos, que sigan los diferentes lineamientos legales y que garanticen que la organización cumple con el marco legal para no verse inmersa en ilegalidades por acción u omisión. Los esfuerzos de las instituciones educativas por hacer que la carrera profesional de Contaduría Pública sea cada día más atractiva, profesional y competitiva, se ven desdibujados por el gran número de profesionales sancionados en los últimos cinco años. Según las cifras reportadas por la Junta Central de Contadores, las sanciones, que van desde multas hasta suspensiones, se imponen generalmente por la realización de prácticas que vulneran la ética profesional y el desacato de las normas vigentes, con respecto al ejercicio contable. Por lo anterior y para alcanzar el objetivo del presente ensayo, se abordara el tema en 3 apartados que comprenden, primero un recorrido histórico por la contabilidad en nuestro país, segundo los datos estadísticos de la Junta Central de Contadores y tercero, algunas propuestas y recomendaciones con el fin de aportar al fortalecimiento de los principios y valores éticos en los nuevos profesionales de nuestro país. RESUMEN 5 ABSTRACT 6 PALABRAS CLAVE 6 KEY WORD 6 1. EVOLUCION HISTÓRICA DE LA CONTABILIDAD 7 2. ANALISIS Y RESULTADOS DE LOS DATOS ESTADISTICOS SUMINISTRADOS POR LA JUNTA CENTRAL DE CONTADORES. 9 3. ALTERNATIVAS DE SOLUCION AL PANORAMA ETICO DE LA CONTADURIA PÚBLICA EN NUESTRO PAÍS. 17 4. CONCLUSIONES 19 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 21 In Colombia public accountants have as their main duty the generation of financial information that supports strategic decision-making. This information must be reliable in order to contribute to the organization development and permit its competitiveness in the current globalized markets. However, the actions of some professionals, employed or independent, do not take into account the ethical principles of the profession. This qualitative research is aligned with the Assuring, control and corporative Government research, and the professional ethics and social responsibilities of the Public Accountants. The objective of the present work is to analyze the situation of many accountant professionals, who are sanctioned for several actions that infringe the established laws, affecting directly the trust of Colombian society. Based on the previous, the following research question arises: Which is the ethical panorama of the professional public accountant in Colombia, in regards to the statistical data of the Central Board of Accountants in the past five years? Currently a broad normativity has been established in regards to financial and accountant maters. The regulation measures from the State are constantly more demanding in order to warrantee the legality, the compliance and the transparency in the money transfers performed by the organizations, being these public or private. These organizations as responsible of the handling and presentation of information own or from third parties, must count on capable, integral and ethical professionals that follow the legal measures and ensure that the organization complies with the legal requirements to avoid illegality by action or omission. The efforts of educational institutions to make of the Public Accountant career more professional, attractive and competitive every day are being over shadowed by the great number of sanctioned professionals in the past five years. According to the data reported by the Central Board of Accountants, the sanctions, which go from penalty fees to suspensions, are generally imposed for actions that infringe the professional ethics and the disrespect for the current law, in regards to the accounting exercise. Based on the previous statement, and in order to reach the objective of the current essay, the topic is approached in three paragraphs that includes first a historical review of the accountant profession in Colombia, second the statistical data of the Central Board of Accountants and third some proposals and recommendations that aim to contribute to the strengthen of the ethical principles and values in the young professionals of the country. Pregrado
- Published
- 2017
19. Aspectos jurídicos y tributarios de la remuneración de los administradores
- Author
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Pedreño López, Carlos, Departament de Dret Privat, Processal i Financer, Universitat Rovira i Virgili., Rivas Nieto, M. Estela, and Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Departament de Dret Privat, Processal i Financer
- Subjects
REMUNERACIÒ ,REMUNERATION ,SOCIEDADES ,SOCIETATS ,ADMINISTRADORES ,COMPANIES ,Ciències Socials i jurídiques ,REMUNERACIÓN ,ADMINISTRADORS ,ADMNISTRATORS - Abstract
La societats de capital estan gestionades i representades per altres persones (físiques i jurídiques) que presten els seus serveis, és a dir, els administradors. Com a contraprestació reben una remuneració que incideix directament en la situació econòmica de la mateixa. Doncs bé, conèixer el funcionament i obligacions dels òrgans de govern de la societat, la qualificació de la relació jurídica societat-administrador per així dirimir les seves funcions i la determinació dels règims retributius, amb reserva o no estatutària, suposaran una millora de la rendibilitat i sostenibilitat de les societats i, en conseqüència, dotar-les de major transparència i confiança. Des del punt de vista fiscal, la remuneració dels administradors afecta la deduïbilitat d'aquesta despesa en l'IS per al pagador i en el rendiment d'aquest ingrés en l'IRPF per al que el rep. Fins i tot és important apreciar la condició d'empresari o professional a l'efecte de l'IVA. A més, estudiar els beneficis fiscals per la tinença de participacions en societats en l'IP i en l'ISD afavorirà la continuïtat empresarial i la seva transmissió., La sociedades de capital están gestionadas y representadas por otras personas (físicas y jurídicas) que prestan sus servicios, esto es, los administradores. Como contraprestación reciben una remuneración que incide directamente en la situación económica de la misma. Pues bien, conocer el funcionamiento y obligaciones de los órganos de gobierno de la sociedad, la calificación de la relación jurídica sociedad-administrador para así dirimir sus funciones y la determinación de los regímenes retributivos, con reserva o no estatutaria, supondrán una mejora de la rentabilidad y sostenibilidad de las sociedades y, en consecuencia, dotarlas de mayor transparencia y confianza. Desde el punto de vista fiscal, la remuneración de los administradores afecta a la deducibilidad de ese gasto en el IS para el pagador y en el rendimiento de ese ingreso en el IRPF para el que lo recibe. Incluso es importante apreciar la condición de empresario o profesional a los efectos del IVA. Además, estudiar los beneficios fiscales por la tenencia de participaciones en sociedades en el IP y en el ISD favorecerá la continuidad empresarial y su transmisión., The capital companies are managed and represented by other people (physical and legal) who provide their services, that is, the administrators. In return they receive a remuneration that directly affects the economic situation of the same. However, knowing the functioning and obligations of the governing bodies of the company, the qualification of the legal society-administrator relationship in order to settle their functions and the determination of the remuneration systems, with or without statutory reserve, will mean an improvement of the Profitability and sustainability of companies and, consequently, to provide them with greater transparency and confidence. From the fiscal point of view, the remuneration of the administrators affects the deductibility of that expense in the IS for the payer and in the income of that income in the IRPF for the one that receives it. It is even important to appreciate the status of an employer or professional for VAT purposes. In addition, studying the tax benefits of holding shares in companies in the IP and ISD will favor business continuity and its transmission.
- Published
- 2017
20. Estudio de los sujetos pasivos en el Impuesto sobre Sociedades
- Author
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Viaña Torrento, Joan Ramon, Urquizu Cavallé, Ángel, Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Departament de Dret Privat, Processal i Financer, Departament de Dret Privat, Processal i Financer, and Universitat Rovira i Virgili.
- Subjects
Tax residence ,Passive subject ,Societats ,Residència fiscal ,Ciències Socials i jurídiques ,Residencia fiscal ,Subjecte passiu ,Sujeto pasivo ,Sociedades ,Companies - Abstract
El present treball es centra en l’estudi de la relació de subjecció entre les societats i demés entitats jurídiques designades per la Llei de l ’Impost sobre Societats (LIS) amb el territori espanyol a través de la residencia fiscal en aquest territori. S’analitzen i delimiten la totalitat de les societats i entitats subjectes, així com les que no consten en aquest llistat, per a obtenir com a resultat de la investigació quins són els criteris de subjecció, exempció total y exempció parcial. Mereix especial menció la recent incorporació de les societats civils amb objecte mercantil dins l’àmbit de l ’Impost sobre Societats. Les interpretacions doctrinals que es desprenen de les respostes efectuades per la Direcció General de Tributs pequen de una certa imparcialitat, amb la qual cosa, entenem que en un futur els Tribunals rectificaran algun dels criteris vàlids a data d’avui. En relació amb el punt de connexió de les entitats, cal fer un crítica l’actual article 8 de la LIS, el qual no fixa preferència ni jerarquia, cosa que deixa al lliure arbitri de les societats la decisió de vinculació al territori en el que han de contribuir. La competència fiscal entre Estats, la deslocalització de societats, els paradisos fiscals i el comerç electrònic constaten la crisi en aquest punt de connexió, en aquest sentit els Tractats i Convenis supranacionals estan buscant alternatives que aportin major seguretat jurídica a la present qüestió. El presente trabajo se centra en el estudio de la relación de sujeción entre las sociedades y demás entidades jurídicas designadas por la ley del impuesto sobre sociedades con el territorio español, a través de la residencia fiscal en dicho territorio. Se analizan y delimitan la totalidad de dichas sociedades y entidades así como las que no constan en dichos listados para obtener como resultados de la investigación cuales son los criterios de sujeción, exención total y exención parcial. Mención especial merece la reciente incorporación de las sociedades civiles con objeto mercantil al ámbito del impuesto sobre sociedades. Las interpretaciones doctrinales resultantes de la misma provenientes de la Dirección General de Tributos adolecen de una cierta imparcialidad, con lo que entendemos que en un futuro los Tribunales rectificarán alguno de los criterios válidos a fecha de hoy. En relación al punto de conexión de las entidades hay que criticar el actual art. 8 de la LIS que no fija preferencia ni jerarquía alguna por lo que queda al arbitrio de las sociedades la vinculación al territorio al cual deben contribuir. La competencia fiscal entre Estados, la deslocalización de sociedades, los paraísos fiscales y el comercio electrónico constatan la crisis de dicho punto de conexión, por lo que los Tratados y Convenios supranacionales están buscando alternativas que aporten mayor seguridad jurídica a dicha cuestión. This current thesis focuses on the study of the relationship of subjection between companies and other legal entities designated by the Corporation Tax Law with Spanish territory, through fiscal residence in that territory. All these companies and entities are analysed and delimited as well as those that are not included in this list in order to obtain as a result of the investigation the criteria of subjection, total exemption and partial exemption. Special mention should be made of the recent incorporation of civil companies for commercial purposes into the scope of corporate tax. The doctrinal interpretations resulting from it, emanated from the Directorate General of Taxes suffer from certain impartiality, with which we understand that in future the Courts will rectify some of the criteria valid to this day. In relation to the point of connection of the entities we must criticize the current art. 8 of the Corporation Tax Law that does not fix preference or hierarchy, so that it is left to the discretion of societies to be linked to the territory to which they must contribute. Tax competition among States, corporate offshoring, tax havens and e-commerce confirm the crisis of this connection point, thus supranational Treaties and Conventions are looking for alternatives that provide greater legal certainty to this issue.
- Published
- 2017
21. A Sociedade: Tendências de Consumo e a Ética Empresarial
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Adriano Fábio Cordeiro da Silva and Antônio Carlos Efing
- Subjects
Tendências ,Economia ,lcsh:K1-7720 ,Ética ,lcsh:Law ,lcsh:Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence ,Sociedades ,Consumo ,lcsh:K ,Companies ,Trends ,Ethics ,Consumption ,Economy - Abstract
This paper analyzes the society, the market trends, and the business ethics applied to consumption. The methodology used in this study is the literature search, covering the different media, giving priority to the doctrine inherent in the concerned themes, the websites, the specialized magazines, and other sources for theoretical basis. This study discusses the difference among consumption, consumerism, and hyperconsumerism; conceptualizes the fads, trends, and megatrends in the market and raises questions about the future consumer profile; verifies that credit facilitates the phenomenon of hyper-consumption and over-indebtedness. It works the relation of marketing as propellant brands, advertisements, and advertising; addresses the Ethics applied to consumption as a science that relates to the economy and the consumer market., O presente trabalho analisa a sociedade, as tendências de mercado e a ética empresarial aplicada ao consumo. A metodologia utilizada é a pesquisa bibliográfica, abrange os diversos meios de informação, priorizando-se a doutrina inerente aos temas tratados, os sites da internet, as revistas especializadas e outras fontes que como subsídio para o embasamento teórico. Discute a diferença entre consumo, consumismo e hiperconsumismo. Conceitua os modismos, as tendências e megatendências do mercado e faz considerações sobre o perfil do consumidor do futuro. Verifica que o crédito facilita o fenômeno do hiperconsumo e do superendividamento. Trabalha a relação do marketing, enquanto agente promotor das marcas, propagandas e publicidade. Aborda a Ética aplicada ao consumo enquanto ciência que se relaciona com a Economia e com o mercado consumidor.
- Published
- 2016
22. Provisões: Uma perspetiva contabilística e tributária
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Onofre, José Miguel Vieira Vilela and Carlos, Américo Fernando Brás
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Contabilidade ,Accounting ,Tax ,Sociedades ,Direito das sociedades comerciais -- Company law ,Ciências Sociais::Direito [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Provisions ,Provisões ,Contabilidade -- Accounting ,Companies ,Fiscalidade - Abstract
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar criticamente a evolução histórica da consagração legal das provisões em Portugal, na sua dupla perspetivação: contabilística e fiscal, desde os primórdios da normalização contabilística até ao início da vigência do atual Sistema de Normalização Contabilística. Esta análise crítica é relevante para a compreensão da coerência ou inflexão lógica do enquadramento dado à matéria pelas normas atuais, bem como para o seu desenvolvimento prospetivo. Perspetivando globalmente o processo de evolução da consagração legal das provisões, pode com clareza assumir-se que a progressiva integração, no ordenamento jurídico nacional, do referencial axiológico e conceptual previsto nas normas internacionais de contabilidade, com especial incidência no domínio das provisões – orientou o apuramento do rendimento e o relato financeiro pelo princípio da true and fair view da situação líquida das sociedades. Na prossecução desse objetivo, tem sido projetada e estimulada uma gradual conformação entre o rendimento evidenciado pela contabilidade e o rendimento tributável das sociedades nacionais. Constatando-se uma crescente coincidência entre os regimes contabilístico e fiscal das provisões, verifica-se que, nesta matéria, o atual quadro contabilísticos é coadunável com um regime fiscal de critérios muito próximos da regra contabilística. Tal proximidade, ou mesmo interdependência entre as regras de dedutibilidade fiscal e os critérios de reconhecimento contabilístico, teria naturais benefícios ao nível da prevalência dos princípios da prudência e da periodização económica na contabilização de provisões. This study is a critical analysis of the historical evolution of legal acknowledgment of provisions in Portugal. We will do this considering two perspectives - accounting and tax, from the beginning of the accounting standardization to the current accounting standards system. Our goal is to not only to understand of how this issue has been framed by current norms but also to contribute to its prospective development. Seen globally, the evolution of the legal acknowledgment of provisions shows that the progressive integration of the international values and concepts in the national legal system has oriented the calculation of income and financial reporting by the principle of true and fair view of the net worth of companies. Working towards this goal, a gradual synchronization between income evidenced by accounting and taxable income of Portuguese companies has been systematically been planned and encouraged. Taking into account the increasing overlap between the accounting and tax provision regimes, it appears that here the current accounting framework is consistent with a tax regime whose criteria are very close to those of the accounting rule. Such proximity, or even interdependence, between the rules of tax deductibility and the accounting recognition criteria would have natural benefits to the predominance of the principles of prudence and of the accrual basis in provisions accounting.
- Published
- 2015
23. Alianças estratégicas: alternativas geradoras de valor
- Author
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S. Leon, Miguel David Rojas López, and Carolina López
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organizations ,strategic alliances ,lcsh:Commerce ,alianzas estratégicas ,competitividad ,competitiveness ,generación de valor ,geração de valor ,alianças estratégicas ,organizações ,lcsh:Business ,sociedades ,value generation ,lcsh:HF1-6182 ,organizaciones ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,competitividade ,lcsh:HF5001-6182 ,Companies ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Las alianzas estratégicas son uniones formales entre dos o más organizaciones, son vínculos realizados con el propósito de formar asociaciones que ayudan a incrementar y fortalecer la competitividad. Una alianza estratégica destacada en Latinoamérica es Avianca Holdings S.A. Esta organización fue creada a partir de múltiples aerolíneas entre las que se encuentran Avianca y TACA. Estas dos compañías aéreas se unieron, en efecto, en una alianza sinérgica con el fin principal de lograr incrementar sus utilidades y su participación en el mercado. Este estudio hace una revisión de este tipo de configuraciones organizacionales y, en particular, de la alianza estratégica realizada para dar lugar a Avianca Holdings S.A. Strategic alliances are formal associations between two or more organizations created for the purpose of forming groups that help to increase and strengthen competitiveness. A strategic alliance, highlighted in Latin America, is Avianca Holdings S.A. This organization was created with a base of multiple airlines among which are Avianca and TACA. These two companies are actually united in a synergistic alliance for the main purpose of increasing their profits and their participation in the market. This study reviews this type of organizational relationship and, in particular, the strategic alliance whose purpose was to create Avianca Holdings S.A. As alianças estratégicas são uniões formais entre dois ou mais organizações; são vínculos realizados com o propósito de formar associações que ajudam a incrementar e fortalecer a competitividade. Uma aliança estratégica destacada na América Latina é Avianca Holdings S.A. Esta organização foi criada a partir de múltiplas companhias aéreas entre as que se encontram Avianca e TACA. Estas duas companhias aéreas uniram-se, em efeito, em uma aliança sinérgica com o fim principal de conseguir incrementar suas utilidades e a sua participação no mercado. Este estudo faz uma revisão deste tipo de configurações organizacionais e, em particular, da aliança estratégica realizada para dar lugar a Avianca Holdings S.A.
- Published
- 2015
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24. A liquidação de imposto a sociedades dissolvidas e liquidadas como ato administrativo inexistente
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Costa, Eva Dias and Cunha, Aurora
- Subjects
Taxation ,Representação ,Tributária ,Imposto ,Liability ,Liquidificação ,Responsabilidade ,Sociedades ,Liquidation ,Companies ,Dissolução ,Dissolution ,Representation - Abstract
A relação entre a administração tributária e as sociedades comerciais extintas apresenta alguns problemas para os quais a legislção actual não oferece solução clar. Mormente, no que respeita às liquidificações de imposto após a respectiva dissolução e encerramento da liquidificação. Levantam-se, a este propósito, desde logo questões de " representação", como se levantam questões de possibilidade/legalidade de liquidificação de impostos a uma sociedade extinta e, bem assim, de responsabilidade pelo pagamento de tal imposto, sem prejuízo da aplicação do concomitante instituto da reversãoo. Que não podem, como procuraremos demonstrar, ser resolvidas com recurso à figura do "representante tributário"nem, tão pouco, nos casos em que, porque não existe activo nem passivo ( à data da deliberação), não há lugar (como defende a maioria dos autores) na fase de liquidificação da sociedade propriamente dita, à figura do liquidatário da sociedade. The relationship between the tax administration and extinct commercial companies presents some problems for which current legislation provides no clear solution. Especially with regard to tax liability after dissolution after dissolution and liquidation is concluded. There are issues regarding representation and questions of possibility/legality of the post liquidation taxation and liability, notwithstanding the concomitant institute of "reversion". These issues cannot, as we will attempt to demonstrate, be solved using the figure of the "tax representative" nor, because there are no assets and debts after liquidation, using the figure of the administrator or "liquidator" of the company.
- Published
- 2014
25. Requisitos necesarios para la creación de una empresa
- Author
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Salaberri Irungarai, Gurutze, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Ekonomia eta Enpresa Zientzien Fakultatea, and Zurutuza Arigita, Iñaki
- Subjects
Innovación ,Creation of companies ,Sociedades ,Legal tools ,Innovation ,Herramientas legales ,Companies ,Creación de empresas - Abstract
Hoy en día y desde hace unos años, venimos arrastrando una crisis económica que afecta a Europa y gravemente a España. Como resultado, se han obtenido grandes tasas de desempleo que significa un gran problema para la sociedad. Para hacer frente a esta situación, el Gobierno central impulsa la creación de nuevas empresas, mediante incentivos económicos, “flexibilidad” en los requisitos, etc. Con el fin de informar sobre los distintos tipos de sociedades, y con la intención de facilitar información, se ha creado este manual en la cual se especifican las características de cada sociedad, los últimos cambios en cuanto a las características legales, la tendencia de las empresas actuales, y la presentación de herramientas útiles para dicho proceso. Con lo cual, una vez leído este manual, podrá tener las ideas claras y saber qué tipo de sociedad es el que mejor se adapte a la situación de cada uno Nowadays and since some years, we are carrying an economic crisis that is affecting Europe and specially Spain. As a result, are obtained big taxes of unemployment which means a big problem for the society. To face this problem, the Central Government is pushing the creation of new companies, using economic benefits, “flexibility” on the requirements, etc. With the scope of inform about the different types of societies, and with the intention of helping information, it has been created this manual where are specified the characteristics of each society, the last changes on the legal characteristics, the tendency of the current companies and the presentation of useful tools for that process. As a result and once read this manual, will have clear ideas to know which type of society is the best for adapt the situation of each one Graduado o Graduada en Administración y Dirección de Empresas por la Universidad Pública de Navarra Enpresen Administrazio eta Zuzendaritzan Graduatua Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoan
- Published
- 2014
26. The Existence of an Illegal Act as an Assumption to Ascribe Liability to Company Managers
- Author
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Abdala, Martin E
- Subjects
Imputación ,Liability ,Administradores ,Sociedades ,Antijuridicidad ,Responsabilidad ,Managers ,Companies ,Illegality ,Accusation - Abstract
Para imputar responsabilidad a los administradores societarios deben concurrir los extremos previstos en la teoría general de la responsabilidad civil, esto es, la existencia de un acto antijurídico, la presencia de un daño, relación de causalidad y un factor de imputación. La existencia de un acto antijurídico presupone un comportamiento voluntario del administrador, realizado con discernimiento, intención y libertad. El acto debe ser, además, atribuible al administrador. Finalmente el acto debe ser antijurídico, por contrariar las disposiciones que integran el ordenamiento legal. To ascribe liability to company managers the extremes provided for in the general theory of civil liability must be met, that is, the existence of an action, the presence of damage, cause and effect relationship and a factor for accusation. The existence of an illegal action entails a voluntary behavior of the manager, carried out with judgment, intention and freedom. The act must also be ascribable to the manager. Finally, the action must be illegal, since it goes against the provisions contained in the legal system.
- Published
- 2013
27. Direito à informação nas sociedades por quotas
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Câmara, Vanessa Araújo and Almeida, António Pereira de
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Direito -- Law ,Information ,Direito das sociedades comerciais -- Company law ,Sociedades ,Ciências Sociais::Direito [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Sócios ,Shareholders ,Informação ,Law ,Companies ,Direito - Abstract
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo primordial demonstrar que o direito à informação nas sociedades por quotas consiste num tema corrente nos dias de hoje. Iremos verificar que existem diferentes posições doutrinárias quanto a algumas questões pertinentes que irão surgir ao longo do trabalho. Como se sabe, está contemplado no Código das Sociedades Comerciais, que os sócios de uma sociedade têm o direito de se informarem. Sem dúvida, que foi pertinente analisar o direito à informação nas sociedades por quotas, por esta ser um tipo de sociedade que existe com bastante frequência em Portugal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi tentar ser o mais abrangente possível e demonstrar todas as dificuldades que podem existir no direito à informação nas sociedades por quotas. Verificaremos que este tema apresenta questões de grande complexidade pois convirá realçar que para percebermos o direito à informação neste tipo de sociedades é necessário analisar o seu objeto, os titulares, os sujeitos, os limites, onde e como são exercidos o direito à informação, as possibilidades de recusa, percebermos em que consiste o inquérito judicial e a importância de mencionar a responsabilidade civil e criminal. Analisaram-se minuciosamente os artigos 214.º, 215.º e 216.º do Código das Sociedades Comerciais pois são naqueles artigos que estão previstos no direito à informação nas sociedades por quotas. Assim, pretende-se, sobretudo, fazer um estudo sobre o direito à informação nas sociedades por quotas, examinando todos os artigos previstos na legislação atual e que são pertinentes para entendermos algumas questões que são mencionadas nos capítulos deste trabalho. This dissertation has the primary objective of demonstrating that the right to information on private limited companies is nowadays a current theme. We will confirm that there are different doctrinal positions about some relevant questions that will be posed in this paper. As it is known, the right to information of the shareholders of a private limited company is provided in the Commercial Companies Code. We determined that it was relevant to analyze the right to information on private limited companies mainly because these are one of the most common types of companies in Portugal. This paper attempts to be as comprehensive as possible and to demonstrate all challenges that may arise regarding the right to information on private limited companies. We will confirm that this is a very complex topic. We will emphasize, that to understand the right to information on this type of companies, it is necessary to analyze the corporate objects, holders, subjects, limitations, the practices used to implement the right to information as well as the possibilities for refusal. Furthermore, we will reiterate the need to understand the judicial review context and the importance of including the civil and criminal responsibilities. We analyzed, in detail, the articles 214.º, 215.º and 216.º of the Commercial Companies Code as these articles contain the provisions on the right to information on private limited companies. In summary, we attempted to study the right to information on private limited companies by examining all the relevant articles provided in the current legislation that would help us to understand the questions presented throughout the chapters of this paper.
- Published
- 2013
28. Estimación de la brecha de recaudación del IVA e Impuesto a la Renta de las sociedades por industria
- Author
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Andino Alarcón, Mauro and Parra, Juan Carlos
- Subjects
SOCIEDADES ,SISTEMA DE CUENTAS NACIONALES ,RECAUDACIÓN DE IMPUESTOS ,ADMINISTRACIÓN TRIBUTARIA ,COMPANIES ,IMPUESTO A LA RENTA ,BRECHA FISCAL ,ECUADOR ,INDUSTRIES ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,IMPUESTO AL VALOR AGREGADO (IVA) ,INDUSTRIAS ,NATIONAL ACCOUNTS ,FISCAL GAP ,VALUE ADDED TAX ,TAX COLLECTION ,INCOME TAX - Abstract
Los mecanismos de control que se llevan a cabo en las administraciones tributarias están enfocados hacia segmentos de mayor probabilidad de evasión; de esta manera, se genera un componente de riesgo que tiene la finalidad de incrementar el recaudo mediante la correcta declaración y pago de los impuestos por parte de los contribuyentes que se encuentran en ejercicio de alguna actividad económica. En la actualidad existen algunos métodos y formas de llegar hasta estos segmentos. La experiencia internacional realiza estimaciones de la carga fiscal potencial que soportan los contribuyentes afectos al pago de impuestos para luego ser comparadas con la recaudación efectiva que reporta la administración tributaria y así estimar la brecha recaudatoria. Con la finalidad de relativizar esta brecha con relación a la recaudación efectiva, los valores de las brechas se los presenta como una tasa porcentual. The control mechanisms carried out by tax administrations are focused on those segments having higher probability of evasion. In this way, a component of risk is generated with the purpose of increasing collection through the correct tax return and payment from taxpayers who are practicing any economic activity. Nowadays, there are several methods and means to get to those segments. International experience makes estimations of the potential tax burden that good taxpayers support in order to compare them to the effective collection reported by tax administration and thus obtain the “collection gap”. In order to relate this gap with the effective collection, the gap’s values are presented as a percentage rate.
- Published
- 2007
29. A eficácia dos modelos de previsão de falência: aplicação ao caso das sociedades portuguesas
- Author
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Peres, Cândido Jorge, Annes, Maria Carlos da Paixão Sequeira de Mourato, and Breia, Arménio Fernandes
- Subjects
Bankruptcy ,Sociedades ,Insolvency ,Previsão ,Insolvência ,Companies ,Falência ,Forecasting - Abstract
Mestrado em Controlo e Gestão e dos Negócios O crescimento do número de insolvências em Portugal, fruto dos tempos difíceis que se vivem no país, fizeram crescer o interesse pela previsão de “falência” empresarial. Neste estudo temos por objectivo validar a eficácia dos modelos existentes e a sua capacidade de disponibilizar informação útil para a tomada de decisão, permitindo a escolha efectiva de um que consubstancie a melhor alternativa para a previsão de “falência” empresarial até 6 anos antes desse facto. Desta forma seleccionamos, de entre as Sociedades portuguesas, sujeitas a revisão legal de contas, duas amostras: - uma de 47 empresas que eram consideradas saudáveis, de acordo com Aziz e Dar (2006), apresentavam Capitais Próprios superiores a zero, entre 2005 e 2009 e que em 2011 foram consideradas “falidas” (Capitais Próprios inferiores a zero); - outra, emparelhada, com 28 empresas que apresentaram em todo o período analisado Capitais Próprios superiores a zero, concedendo assim aos modelos em análise uma potencialidade plena de previsão. À amostra foram aplicados 12 modelos, a saber, Z de Altman (1968), Kanitz (1974), Elizabetsky (1976), Gordon e Springate (1978), Altman, Baidya e Dias (1979) Z4 e Z5, Matias (1982), CA-Score de Bilanas (1987), Pascale (1988), Carvalho das Neves (1998), Santos (2000) e Nunes (2012). A principal conclusão que se pretende retirar do estudo e a de qual destes modelos constituirá o melhor previsor de “falência” para as Sociedades Portuguesas. The growth in the number of “bankruptcies” in Portugal is the outcome of the hard times that the country is living and has increased the interest in predicting corporations "bankruptcy". In this study we aim to validate the effectiveness of the existing models and their ability to provide useful information for decision-making, allowing an effective choice to substantiate the best alternative for predicting firm "bankruptcy" up to 6 years before thereof . Thus, we select from among the Portuguese Companies, subject to statutory audit, two samples: - one of 47 companies that were considered healthy, according to Aziz and Dar (2006), had equity above zero between 2005 and 2009 and that in 2011 were considered "bankrupted" (with equity below zero); - another, paired, with 28 companies that presented throughout all the period analyzed equity above zero, thus granting the models under review a potential of full forecast. To the sample were applied 12 models, namely, Altman’s Z (1968), Kanitz (1974), Elizabetsky (1976), Gordon and Springate (1978), Altman, Baidya and Dias (1979) Z4 and Z5, Mathias (1982), CA-score of Bilanas (1987), Pascale (1988), Carvalho das Neves (1998), Santos (2000) and Nunes (2012). The main conclusion that we want to withdraw from the study is which of these models will be the best predictor of "bankruptcy" for Portuguese Companies.
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