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Under which conditions does the open method of co-ordination match the standards for demoi-cracy? To answer this question, we need some explicit standards about demoi-cracy. In fact, open co-ordination serves three different but interrelated purposes in European Union policy: to facilitate convergence; to support learning processes; and to encourage exploration of policy innovation. By intersecting standards and purposes, we find open co-ordination is neither inherently ‘good’ nor ‘bad’ for demoi-cracy, as it depends on how it has been put into practice. Therefore, we qualify the answer considering the empirical evidence on how normative principles hit the road of implementation. In the final part of this paper, we look into the demoi-cratic effects of the Eurozone's economic and financial crisis on our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article provides some reflective thoughts on current research on regulatory impact assessment (RIA) in Europe. The narrative draws on the author's fieldwork diaries. It starts from the methodological problems of identifying and analysing regulatory impact assessment in the UK, Denmark, the Netherlands and Sweden. This leads to more fundamental theoretical questions about research design, the relationship between supply and demand of research and, ultimately, the aims of academic research in this area. The conclusions draw lessons for the emerging research agenda on better regulation. The main problem is not whether 'real' RIAs exist or not, since this would be equivalent to trying to fit the amoeba-like RIA 'substance' into our abstract 'forms'. The interesting problems are: what are the functions of different approaches to assessment, how are they used and how can they improve governance? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]