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COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has infected more than 4 million people with 278 892 deaths worldwide as of 11 May 2020. This disease, which can manifest as a severe respiratory infection, has been declared as a public health emergency of international concern and is being treated with a variety of antivirals, antibiotics and antifungals. This article highlights the administration of antimicrobials in COVID-19 patients worldwide, during the 2019-20 pandemic. It is imperative to be aware of the unreported amounts of antibiotics that have been administered worldwide in just a few months and a marked increase in antimicrobial resistance should therefore be expected. Due to the lack of data about antimicrobial use during this pandemic, the global impact on the emergence of new antimicrobial resistance is as yet unknown. This issue must be at the forefront of public health policymaking and planning in order that we are prepared for the potentially severe consequences for human and animal health and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study's purpose was to evaluate the aging effect on the bond strength of 4 adhesive systems on primary dentin 24 hours and 6 months after bonding. Methods: The crowns of extracted, caries-free primary molars were grounded and flat surfaces were prepared and distributed into 4 groups (n=7-9). The adhesives Scotch-bond Multi-purpose (SMP), Single Bond (SB), Clearfil SE Bond (CSB), and Adper Prompt L-Pop (APL) were applied with the composite resin Filtek Z-250. Specimens were stored in distilled water (37°C/24h), the crowns were sectioned, and 0.8-mm² resin-dentin sticks were obtained and divided into 2 groups: (1) 24h; and (2) 6m. Each group's specimens were tested under tensile at 0.5 mm/minute until they fractured. The fractured sticks were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The data were analyzed by 2-way repeated measures: analysis of variance; Tukey's test (P<.05); and Kruskal-Wallis test (P<.05). Results: The mTBS (MPa) means values were: SMP=33.28 (2.05), SB=23.27 (4.78), APL=20.64 (10.66), and CSB=18.94 (11.94) for the 24-hour group; and SMP=30.59 (6.29), SB=22.39 (5.9), CSB=21.50 (10.67), and APL=17.19 (6.88) for the 6-month group. The most frequent fracture type found was cohesive failure of the adhesive and mixed, with no statistically significant difference found between the groups. Conclusions: Resin bond strength on primary dentin was not influenced by aging for the adhesive systems tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]