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Background: Osteoporosis is a major public health problem. Dietary inflammatory preference and body mass index (BMI) are emerging factors that tends to affect bone health. There is limited evidence regarding the joint influence of BMI and dietary status on the bone health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and bone health among adults under different levels of BMI utilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: Data were collected from 2005–2010, 2013–2014 to 2017–2018 in NHANES. In total, 10,521 participants who aged ≥ 20 years and had complete data for dietary intake interview, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were included. DII was performed to evaluate the dietary inflammatory potential based on dietary intake interview. We evaluated bone health by femoral neck BMD and BMC measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Weighted multivariable linear regression and BMI-stratified subgroup analysis were performed. Results: The average DII score for 10,521 participants was 1.24 ± 0.04, mean femoral neck BMD was 0.82 ± 0.00 g/cm2 and mean BMC was 4.37 ± 0.01 g. In the fully adjusted model, there was a negative correlation between DII with BMD (β = − 0.016, P < 0.001) and BMC (β = − 0.011, P < 0.001) in the most anti-inflammatory diet. Using BMI-stratified subgroup analysis, this correlation became more evident in both the overweight (BMD: β = − 0.024, P < 0.001; BMC: β = − 0.058, P = 0.042) and obese groups (BMD: β = − 0.015, P = 0.049; BMC: β = − 0.009, P = 0.042), while this correlation was opposite in DII tertile 2 (middle DII score) in the underweight group (BMD: β = 0.047, P = 0.038; BMC: β = 0.274, P = 0.010). Conclusion: Relationship between higher consumption of pro-inflammatory and increased risk of lower BMD and BMC was only existed in overweight and obese participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recommended regular saline flushing presents clinical ineffectiveness for hemodialysis (HD) patients at high risk of bleeding with heparin contraindication. Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) has previously been used with a Ca2+ containing dialysate with prefiltered citrate in one arm (RCA-one). However, anticoagulation is not always achievable and up to 40% results in serious clotting in the venous expansion chamber. In this study, we have transferred one-quarter of the TSC from the prefiltered to the post filter based on RCA-one, which we have called RCA-two. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of RCA-two with either saline flushing or RCA-one in HD patients with a high bleeding risk.Method: In this investigator-initiated, multicenter, controlled, prospective, randomized clinical trial, 52 HD patients (77 sessions) were randomized to the RCA-2 and RCA-one group in part one of the trial, and 45 patients (64 sessions) were randomized to the RCA-2 and saline group in part two of the trial. Serious clotting events, adverse events and blood analyses were recorded.Results: Serious clotting events in the RCA-two group were significantly lower compared with the RCA-one and saline group (7.89% vs. 30.77%, P = 0.011; 3.03% vs. 54.84%, P < 0.001, respectively). The median circuit survival time was 240 min (IQR 240 to 240) in the RCA-two group, was significantly longer than 230 min (IQR 155 to 240, P < 0.001) in the RCA-one group and 210 min (IQR 135 to 240, P = 0.003) in the saline group. The majority of the AEs were hypotension, hypoglycemia and chest tightness, most of which were mild in intensity. Eight patients (20.51%) in the RCA-one group, 4 patients (12.90%) in the saline group and 10 patients (26.31%) in the RCA-two group, P > 0.05.Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that the modified anticoagulation protocol was more effective and feasible during hemodialysis therapy for patients at high risk of bleeding.Trial Registration: GDREC, GDREC2017250H. Registered February 2, 2018; retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positron generation by an ultra-short ultra-intense laser in an indirect manner has been studied with two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. In this generation scheme, positrons are produced with energetic electrons accelerated by an ultra-shot laser pulse propagating through an underdense plasma. The dependence of the positron beam properties on the plasma length and secondary target (converter) thickness was investigated in detail. The simulation results reveal that the positron yield is strongly correlated with the total energy of laser-accelerated electrons; both the temperature and divergence of the positron beam are sensitive to the plasma length; and the positron beam has a pulse duration comparable to the incident electron beam. In addition, it is indicated that even with the optimal converter thickness, only a small fraction (11.4%) of positrons can escape out and most of the detected positrons originate from the back edge of the converter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An extensive comparison of the properties of positron beams produced by an ultra-intense femtosecond laser in direct and indirect schemes has been performed with two-dimensional particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that the positron beam generated in the indirect scheme has a higher yield (1010), a higher temperature (28.8 MeV), a shorter pulse duration (5 ps), and a smaller divergence (8°) than in the direct case (109 yield, 4.4 MeV temperature, 40 ps pulse duration, and 60° divergence). In addition, it was found that the positron/gamma ratio in the indirect scheme is one order of magnitude higher than that in the direct one, which represents a higher signal/noise ratio in positron detection. Nevertheless, the direct generation method still has its own unique advantage, the so-called target normal sheath acceleration, which can result in quasi-monoenergetic positron beams that may serve in some specialized applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]