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Increasing crop yields is the most important condition for intensifying agricultural production. High quality of various technological operations of soil preparation can significantly increase yields. It is especially important to prepare soil before seeding, it forms a habitat for plants, ensures uniform seeding in depth. Using heavy machines in agriculture, surface and subsurface soil layers undergo mechanical deformation with inevitable deterioration of its physical and biological properties. Density of surface and subsurface horizons increases, number of pores with a size of 0.2 … 10 microns decreases, which determine soil moisture content. Productivity of cultivated plants is influenced by effective fertility of not only surface layer, but also machines and tractors. Many studies have established that soil deformation during movement of cultivator hoe or wedge consists of two stages. At the first stage, soil particles located in close proximity to the hoe are displaced forward, forcing the layers in front to compress, when stresses in soil reach their limit values, a shift occurs at some distance from the toe of the hoe. At the second stage, soil begins to intensively move forward and upward and move along surface of working body. In this regard, resistance of soil to movement of individual parts of working body will be different. The article describes research that helps to determine ground unevenness. One of the possible measures to prevent compaction of the subsurface is presented - improving technology of preparing upper surface soil layer.

Based on a systematic analysis of methods to increase the durability and wear resistance of the working bodies of tillage machines, it is established that their increase in 90% of cases is achieved by technological methods. In turn, this requires the use of expensive reinforcing materials, which leads to an increase in the cost of the final product. The solution of such a complex problem cannot be based on the use of one group of methods, but requires an integrated approach using a range of available groups of methods. Accordingly, the purpose of the work is to determine experimentally possible methods to increase the durability and wear resistance of the working bodies of tillage machines, taking into account the soil and climatic conditions of their operation. In the work, on the basis of soil-climatic conditions of operation of working bodies of tillage machines, operational, constructive and technological methods of increase of wear resistance of ploughshare and disk working bodies are experimentally established. Wear of the working bodies of tillage machines is complex. The problem of increasing the wear resistance and durability of working bodies that interact with the soil environment cannot be solved by using only technological methods to increase wear resistance and durability.

The technical condition of parts is determined, on the one hand, by design parameters, and on the other, by mechanical properties, which are determined by control methods, including holographic ones. The properties of the working surfaces of parts made of various materials differ in comparatively small values of the dispersion of indicators. They correspond to the magnitudes and types of load, micro straining, load duration and can be presented in a rather narrow dispersion interval. The value of the distribution parameters of these quantities must be taken into account, first of all, when choosing a material. It is determined by the reliability conditions that the onset of the permissible load limit is achieved by proportional loading of the entire structure and is achieved with a micro deformation value for cultivator blades of 2.1-3.2μm. The limiting value of the micro deformation parameter is a function of a given tolerance for permanent deformation of the structure and is difficult to determine by conventional methods. In accordance with the developed methodology for the study of parts made of different materials, for example: graycastiron, aluminum, polymers (polyethylene, polyamide), carbon fiber, as well as a reinforced metal polymer, at the same time, computer holograms are recorded in each case. The studies used the entire range of recorded loads.