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Based on the structural characteristics of pervious concrete, an improved mix design method for pervious concrete was developed based on permeability, compressive strength and slurry layer thickness relationships. The results of validation experiments showed that when the slurry layer thickness of the pervious concrete is about 0.35–0.55 mm, the effective porosity is about 22–36%, the permeability coefficient is about 4.88–8.90 mm/s and the compressive strength is about 5.9–18.5 MPa. With an increase in the slurry layer thickness of the pervious concrete, the compressive strength increased, but the effective porosity and permeability coefficient decreased, and vice versa. The results of this study proved that pervious concrete can be formulated to satisfy permeability and compressive strength requirements by using the improved mix design method.

Gap graded concrete, also known as pervious concrete, or enhanced concrete, is a storm water drainage replacement. Pervious or porous concrete is a homogeneous mixture of cement, fine aggregates to some percent, coarse aggregate and admixtures with partial substitutes of fine aggregate. The particle sizes and proportions of the materials used indicate the value and permeability of this form of concrete. We addressed the strength parameters and permeability of this concrete with various aggregate sizes in this paper. The 70:30 coarse aggregate mix ratio is used. Two coarse aggregate mixes of 20–10 mm and 10–6 mm were used in this study for the different aggregate ratios. The larger the aggregate, the better the porosity for rainwater runoff and storage. To achieve better performance, 15% fly ash is used as a substitute for cement in the mix design in the experiments. The water binder ratio is kept constant at 0.38, while the cement to aggregate ratio is set at 1:5. The porous concrete moulds are cast and tested for mechanical and toughness properties. For the above-mentioned tests, cubes, tubes, and beams are casted.

Pervious concrete is produced by adding less than enough paste to fill the voids in the aggregate to form drainage channels inside the concrete. However, the volume of voids in the aggregate increases after the addition of paste due to aggregate bulking, which has been ignored in previous studies. Moreover, it is still not precisely known how the unfilled voids influence the performance of pervious concrete. In this research, the flowability and adhesion of paste and the bulking of aggregate were investigated and the effects of paste properties, aggregate bulking, water film thickness (WFT) and paste film thickness (PFT) on the permeability and strength of pervious concrete were evaluated. The results revealed that the paste properties, aggregate bulking, WFT and PFT play major roles and thus are the key factors to be considered in the design of pervious concrete. Lastly, a 3-step mix design method for pervious concrete is proposed.

The need for porous concrete has become increased due its ability to control surface water, increase the rate of recharging groundwater, and reduce pollution of the ecosystem. Granite is a coarse aggregate that is quite expensive when compared with gravel in Nigeria. Therefore, this research is aimed at optimizing blended granite and gravel in the production of porous concrete. Samples of blended granite-gravel porous concrete of varying mix proportions were produced using cement to aggregate mix ratio of 1:4. The samples were tested for their porosity, workability and compressive strengths. The data collected were analyzed with the aid of Design Expert 10.0. It was observed that the optimal combination for the granite-gravel blended porous concrete is 12% granite, 88% gravel, and a water-cement ratio of 0.66%. This combination gave a porous concrete with a compressive strength of 48.4 N/mm2, percentage porosity of 6% and a compacting factor of 0.91. These values when compared to that of the control specimen revealed that the optimal mix gave a porous concrete with higher porosity, higher workability and a better compressive strength.

This investigational study aims to examine the influence of using recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) instead of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) on the fresh properties (workability) and mechanical properties of pervious concrete (PC). The mechanical properties include compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength and the impact resistance of PC was also assessed using drop weight test. In total, four mixes were prepared (including control mix with 100% NCA) in which various ratios of RCA (30%, 70% and 100%) replaced the NCA in the preparation of PC mixes without using any fine aggregate and fixing the water-cement ratio (w/c) to 0.4. The outcomes of the study reveal that the content of the RCA has significant adverse effects on the workability and mechanical performance of the investigated mixtures. This adverse effects increase with the increase of the content of RCA. The strength reduction, compared to the mix with NCA, reached to 59% for compressive, 28% of the splitting tensile, 38% for flexural strength and 50% for the impact resistance when 100% RCA is used.

The infrastructure growth has an impact on reducing green areas, which will be followed by reduced water catchment areas. Porous concrete is one of the porous materials that can be used on a pedestrian walk, which is able to drain water. The porous concrete has a limitation strength. This research aims to determine the effect of using various content of chemical additive and polypropylene fibers for porous concrete mixtures related to the compressive strength and permeability values. This experimental method referring to ACI 522R-10 Standard. That specimens using chemical additives and variations of polypropylene fibers: 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, and 0.25% by weight of cement. The results showed that the specimen which had the highest compressive strength was 16.9 MPa, which was added 0.25% polypropylene fiber. The addition of polypropylene fibers increases the compressive strength value by 5.6%. Based on the compressive strength and permeability graphs, it can be estimated that the optimal content of polypropylene fiber is 0.17% by weight of cement.

The recycled aggregate permeable concrete made of reused construction wastes is very important for realizing the sustainable development of the construction industry, it can alleviate the adverse impact of surface runoff during storm and the urban heat island effect. Therefore, this paper studied the mechanical properties and durability of recycled aggregate permeable concrete. At first, a few properties of the target material, including bulk density, moisture content, water absorption, compressive strength, and water permeability coefficient, were tested respectively. Then, based on the orthogonal test, the performance of the target material was analyzed, and the analysis steps of the range analysis method and the variance analysis method in the orthogonal test were given. At last, the mechanical properties and durability of the target material were tested via experiments, and the relevant test results and analysis were elaborated.

Water Absorbing pavement is a technique in Pavement construction. This technique we can find a solution for the low ground water level, effective management of rain water runoff, Agricultural problems, etc. Porous concrete can be introduced in low traffic volume areas, walk ways, sub base for concrete pavements, inter locking material etc. Porous concrete material have the ability to allow water to flow through itself to recharge ground water level and minimize surface rain water runoff. This property of porous concrete reviews its applications and engineering properties, including environmental benefits, strength. By replacing a part of cement with conplast SP430, then it results the more strength to the concrete. Hence it take acts as an eco-friendly paving material. Porous concrete is a special type of concrete, which consists of cement, coarse aggregates, water and if required, mixtures and other cement materials. As there are no fine aggregates used in the concrete matrix, the void content is more which allows the rain water to flow through its body. So the porous concrete is also called as Permeable concrete and Previous concrete.

The waste crumb rubber (WCR) and silica fume (SF), as industrial waste and byproduct, are widely used as additives in road construction materials, which can not only realize waste utilization and protect the environment but also reduce the consumption of building material resources. At present, most of the research has focused on the properties of concrete modified only by WCR or SF; there are few studies concentrated on composite modified concrete by the two, especially the study on pervious concrete (PC). This article aims to study the mechanical strength, deformability, and freeze-thaw (F-T) resistance of waste crumb rubber/silica fume composite modified pervious concrete (RSFPC). The RSFPC and control specimens were manufactured in the lab. The experiments of compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural failure strain, flexural elastic modulus, and F-T cycles were conducted. In addition, the properties of RSFPC were compared with WCR and SF single modification PC. The results indicate that the composite modification of WCR and SF can give full play to the advantages of the two materials so that the strength property and elastic modulus of PC will not be decreased and the F-T resistance and deformability can be greatly improved. Compared to a single modification group by WCR or SF, RSFPC has a more balanced and comprehensive performance, which will greatly expand the application of PC.

The main goal of this paper is to investigate the effects of recycled aggregates in geopolymer pervious concrete (GPC). The usage of recycled aggregate (RA) in the construction field is getting more attention nowadays due to sustainable construction methods. In this study, natural aggregates (NA) are partially replaced with recycled aggregates such as recycled concrete aggregate and recycled brick aggregate (RBA) in geopolymer previous concrete. For preparing geopolymer, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) was used in this investigation. Activators such as 12 M sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions were used to synthesize the geopolymer concrete in this investigation. The sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide ratio was maintained at 2.5 throughout this study. Mechanical and durability properties of GPC were determined as per Indian standards. The effects of RA in geopolymer pervious concrete were briefly investigated. It has been observed that durability properties are affected by the incorporation of recycled aggregate (RA) in geopolymer concrete. The compressive strength value of RC12 is less than that of GC12 and RB12 is less than that of RC12. The strength properties of structural beam elements were reduced due to the incorporation of recycled concrete and recycled brick aggregate in geopolymer concrete; at the same time, the reduction always lies in acceptable ranges. Validation was done using ANSYS software. This paper leads the utilization of recycled aggregates in GGBS-based GPC instant of NA at ambient curing condition.

An improved design method of pervious concrete was proposed to lower the deviation between the designed and actual porosity and maintain both mechanical property and permeability of pervious concrete. The improved design method is mainly based on the optimal volume ratio of paste to aggregate (VRPA), which was determined by testing the average thickness of cement paste coating aggregate. The performances of pervious concrete designed by the traditional method and the improved one were compared. The results show that with the increase of designed porosity, the reduction of compressive strength and flexural strength of pervious concrete designed by the improved method is significantly smaller than those designed by the traditional one. The maximum deviation between the designed and actual porosity of the pervious concrete by the improved method is only 1.54%, which is far less than 8.7% obtained by the traditional one. Micro-structural analysis shows that the porous distribution of pervious concrete designed by improved method exhibits better uniformity.

Pervious concrete or non-fine concrete is a simple form of lightweight concrete made by eliminating the use of fine aggregates. As a result of not using fine aggregate in pervious concrete, then created a cavity filled with air and water can be passed. This cavity resulted in reduced density of the concrete as well as the reduced amount of area that needs to be covered by cement paste, thereby reducing the compressive strength. To increase the compressive strength of pervious concrete, in this study will utilize waste material. The waste material is the cocnut shell ash and coconut shell to strengthen the coarse aggregate bonds, so it is expected to increase the compressive strength along with the increase in permeability. Thus, in this study will replace part of the coarse aggregate with coconut shell with percentage 0%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5%, 10% and partially replace cement with coconut shell ash with percentage 0%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5%

Pervious concrete pavement is a porous urban surface. It could reduce runoff capacity, decrease a storm-water detention, reduce the amount of requiring rain drainage pipes, and let rainwater filter into ground and allow groundwater resources to renew in time. Fire damage, could be one of important factors since European countries have been used pervious concrete in buildings construction. This study was conducted to assess the fire damage on pervious concrete with silica fume and steel fiber. The test results find that pervious concrete with 10% silica fume and 2% steel fibers showed the maximum increase in compressive and flexural strengths by 60% and 23% respectively over the control mix while maintaining adequate permeability. It also shows that the flexural strength of pervious concrete with 10% silica fume and 2% steel fiber could reach 45 kg/cm2strength specification. The high temperature exposure results find that pervious concrete could hardly be detected any crack at the temperature of 700 °Cor 800°C and fire duration of 2 hours. There is some damage on strength after the fire-attack test, the ratio of the residual strength can range from about 20%~60% and it depends on temperature, steel fiber, and silica fume content. By this study of pervious concrete will be valuable for fire safety design and construction of practice.

Pervious concrete structure consists of meso-sized pores due to partial or complete elimination of fine aggregates, resulting in decreased mechanical properties in par with conventional concrete. M...

This study focuses on determining the performance of carbon fibre-reinforced pervious concrete (CFRPC) mixes subjected to static, cyclic and impact loadings. Two single-sized coarse aggregates, nam...

Pervious concrete needs to have many pores to achieve high water permeability, but excessive porosity may cause a serious reduction in strength. Herein, it is postulated that the interconnected porosity and open porosity, which can be separately measured, do not have the same effects on the performance of pervious concrete. To evaluate how the interconnected porosity and open porosity influence permeability and strength, a series of no-fines pervious concrete mixes with varying water/cement (w/c) ratio and paste volume were produced for testing of their interconnected porosity, open porosity, unsubmerged water permeability, submerged water permeability and compressive strength. From the test results, it was found that both the w/c ratio and paste volume have major effects on the porosity, permeability and strength. More importantly, regression analysis showed that the interconnected porosity is the governing factor determining the water permeability, whereas the open porosity and w/c ratio are together the governing factors determining the compressive strength. Lastly, the concurrent strength–permeability performance of the no-fines pervious concrete tested was evaluated.

This investigation deals with the influence of FINE FLY ASH in High performance Concrete (HPC). In this studies Shrinkage and Water-Permeability of Fine Fly-ash modified concrete. In the Durability of consideration, the Water permeability important parameter which should be less. If more permeable concrete leads to detoriation of structure finally reduces the age of structure. This work analyses the combinations of concrete in which cement is 0 to 50% replaced with fine fly ash of different proportions. Specimens were cast for M 30 as per Indian Standard mix design using Ennore sand. The ages of concrete for Shrinkage are 1, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 90, 100, 110, 120 and 130 Days and water permeability tests were conducted 3, 7 14, 28, 56,90, 180,360 days for durability aspect of the Fine fly ash High Performance concrete.

Pervious concrete remains a sustainable solution for effective water management in urban scenarios. Owing to the absence of fine aggregates, properties of pervious concrete rely much on the propert...

The main target of this study is to experimentally investigate the possibility of recycling of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) pellets as aggregate in pervious concrete manufacturing to achieve sustainable pervious concrete and contribute to plastic waste management. Therefore, two aggregate-to-cement ratios of 7 and 6 are chosen to produce two different pervious concrete series. Natural aggregate and LDPE pellets utilized in the production of pervious concrete are in a single size that remained on a 4.5-mm sieve and passed from 9.5-mm sieve. Natural aggregate was substituted with LDPE pellet at contents of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% of total aggregate volume. Totally, 12 pervious concrete mixtures were designed. Basic engineering characteristics of pervious concrete were investigated in terms of permeability and compressive strength. Moreover, abrasion resistance and splitting tensile strength of concrete mixtures were also examined. Additionally, fresh/dry densities and void contents of produced pervious concrete mixtures were determined during the experimental study. The results showed that abrasion resistance of pervious concrete was enhanced by substituting natural aggregate with LDPE pellet whereas strength characteristics were adversely affected. In addition, reductions in fresh and dry densities, void content, and percolation rate of pervious concretes were observed due to the inclusion of the LDPE pellet.

Some aspects of resource saving problem in the process of construction of heated construction installations are considered in the paper, also heat transfer problem in porouse concrete. Is paid attention to necessity of application with mass construction of habitation of products from porouse concrete, first of all - products from of cellular concrete. In article the basic requirements of the standard documents regulating constructive properties of various building materials, including various concrete are analysed. The design a warm wall on the basis of products from porous concrete is considered. Its advantages in comparison with known designs of warm walls are shown. In article changes of technological properties of various building materials are considered at influence on them of a moisture. The analysis of the standard-regulating documents, concerning operational qualities, concerning reliability and durability of designs is carried out. The basic technical properties gas-concrete non-autoclave solidification on the basis of a waste stone machining are analysed. Results of researches technology indicators cement cellular concrete non-autoclave solidification with offered filling material are resulted.

Normal porous concrete is a special type of concrete with high porosity, allowing water to percolate into the sub-grade, but using Portland cement. On the other hand, geopolymer concrete is an environmentally friendly concrete using fly ash, blast furnace slag and kaolinite alkaline activator. This experimental study proposes a fabrication procedure to combine the two above-mentioned concrete types to produce a sustainable material – porous concrete made of fly ash-based geopolymer with alkaline activators. Various parameters affecting the compressive strength, such as aggregate size, the water-to- (fly ash and blast furnace slag) ratio, the concentration of alkaline activator have been studied, together with two major hydraulic properties such as water permeability and porosity. The results show that the porous geopolymer concrete usinglocal fly ash and blast furnace slag can achieve the compressive cube strength greater than 23MPa and the average values of water permeability are in the range of 6.4 to 17.8 mm/s depending on the mix design. Increasing coarse aggregate size increases the porosity and water permeability, however, lowers the compressive strength of porous geopolymer concrete. Increasing the activator-to-binder ratio, the compressive strength increases, not affecting the porosity and water permeability.

Pervious Concrete for the pavements proves to be an effective and along- term solution for the universal problem of abnormal decrease of ground water table. Pervious Concrete has a unique mix design and giving special properties to the concrete which makes the concrete porous , allowing water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through , there by reducing run off volume and increasing ground water table. Inorder to reduce the damage being caused to the environment by the use of cement , inpervious concrete , cement is replaced with pozzolanic materials such as GGBS , silica fume sand to increase strength and durability , glass fibers in stipulated ratio are added to the concrete mixture. In this study ,the mix designs such as M30 and PC30 are considered . The fine aggregate is replaced with coarseaggregate by different ratios like 0% , 5% , 10% ,15%. by adding different pozzolanic matrals like GGBS, silicafume with glassfibers. To find the effectiveness of the use of pozzolancic and glassfibes, compressive strength conducted. The following Conclusions can be summarized by analyzing tests performed on PC specimens. A significant reduction of workability. And A progressive addition in compressive strength by increasing the percentage of fine aggregates and pozzolanic materials in mix. The conclusion of fine aggregate content in the specimen increases the density and increase the pozzolanic materials addition. And addition of silica fume and GGBS in the mixtures improve strength , compressive strength increases even after adding pozzolanic materials. Due to increase of fine aggregate content. For all replacement levels of PC with other mixes goes on decreasing in strength when compared with parent grade ofM30. While comparing with PC with Pozzolanic materials, For 7 days there is a drastic change for same replacement, and for 28 days itshowssimilar trend for 25% pozzolanic concrete and goes on decreasing for strength for compressive strength. For all replacement levels of PC with pozzolanic goes on decreasing in strength when compared with parent grade of M30. Compressive strength slightly increased by adding glass fibers to the allmixes.

The features of the pores in pervious concrete have a great influence on the mechanical property of the pervious concrete. In this study, a finite element model (FEM) with random pores has been used to simulate the mechanical characteristics of pervious concrete. First, pervious concrete specimens with two different porosities were prepared in the laboratory. Then, the specimens were cut and the pores features were extracted based on the images of cross-sections. Thereafter, the ellipse and roundness were introduced into a simulation model to describe the characteristics of pores including the size, area, shape, and inclined angle which have been developed randomly in the FEM using the Monte Carlo method. In the simulation model, the aggregate and cement paste have been simplified into a composite material, and the method of determining the composite modulus of aggregate-cement paste is discussed. The simulation results show that the shape and distribution of the pores have an obvious influence on the internal stress of the pervious concrete and the pore features can be considered reasonable for the validity of the simulations. In addition, the composite modulus of the aggregate-cement paste can be determined by comparing the simulation and test results. The recommended composite modulus in the pervious concrete simulation model is much lower than that of common impervious concrete.

Investigation to improve the performance of the pervious concrete is required through possible modifications in its properties, as it is utilized in different applications through civil engineering projects, especially in pavements. To save time and costs, such pavements should serve and explore to the traffic and the users as soon as possible. Concretes should be cured for at least 28 days to gain sufficient strength to withstand applied loads. To shorten this period, studying the properties of plain pervious concrete in terms of the mechanical properties and the permeability was undertaken. Single sized natural coarse aggregate conducted at constant water-to-cement ratio of 0.27 with cement content of 450 kg/m3, four curing period and two curing system (moist and steam) as experimental parameters were followed in this study. The results compared the two systems of curing for plain pervious concrete samples to show the effects of high temperature regime on the mechanical and permeability properties. The elevated temperature improved the mechanical properties in earlier ages but has no effect on the permeability while the steam curing resulted in an increase in modules of elasticity.

This study was conducted to assess the effect of CO2 curing on the compressive strength of high strength pervious concrete. The factors studied to evaluate compressive strength of concrete on CO2 curing pressure, curing time, and age of specimen at testing. Three Aggregate sizes, three CO2 curing pressures, three CO2 curing time, and three testing ages were used in this investigation. The research tried to produce a high strength pervious concrete and use carbon dioxide for curing to find out whether it could enhance the compressive strength. The results show that the compressive strength of the control group increases rapidly and its 90-day compressive strength closed to 60 MPa. The 1-day compressive strength has a major impact after CO2 curing and their strength decreased by about 0% to 50% as compared to the control group. However, it is observed that there is only slight difference in relationship between modulus of elasticity and compressive strength obtained from 100 by 200mm cylinders with CO2 curing.

This study aims to investigate the properties of pervious concrete focusing on characterization tests by the Ultrasound Method. For this, three mixtures were produced with the paste/aggregate (P/Ag) ratio ranging from 0.45 to 0.65, water to cement ratio (w/c) of 0.3, and all the specimens were compacted with a steel rod. The application of the ultrasound method deserves special attention for the characterization of pervious concrete, due to a lack of research and the potential to develop analytical models for predicting properties from ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) as an independent variable. The UPV obtained in this study ranged from 3642 to 4262 m/s for an approximately 12% reduction in porosity, with a correlation (R²) of 0.91. It is noteworthy that the high porosity of pervious concrete causes attenuation of the ultrasonic wave. The measurements of UPV had higher values for specimens with higher densities (R²=0.87), higher compressive and tensile strengths (R² of 0.79 and 0.84, resp.), and lower permeability (R² = 0.91). Resumo Neste estudo, objetiva-se investigar as propriedades do concreto permeável com foco nos ensaios de caracterização pelo Método do Ultrassom. Para isso, foram produzidos três traços com a relação pasta/agregado variando de 0,45 a 0,65, relação a/c de 0,3 e compactados por haste. A aplicação do Método do Ultrassom merece atenção especial para caracterização do concreto permeável, com carência de pesquisas e com potencial de desenvolver modelos analíticos de previsão das propriedades a partir da velocidade de pulsos ultrassônicos (VPU) como uma variável independente. A VPU variou de 3642 até 4262 m/s para uma redução de aproximadamente 12% na porosidade, com alta correlação (R²) de 0,91 e destaca-se que a alta porosidade do concreto provoca atenuação da onda ultrassônica. As medições da VPU retrataram valores maiores para os CPs com maiores densidades (R²=0,87), maiores resistências à compressão e à tração (R² de 0,79 e 0,84, resp.), e menores permeabilidades (R²=0,91).

Sound-absorbing acoustic materials are usually made of special materials which are sometimes expensive and prone to fire and do not have sufficient strength. This research offers materials that have sufficient properties for the above problems, namely by using porous concrete. This study aims to calculate the absorption values of porous concrete values. Porous concrete is concrete which does not use sand to forms a void in concrete that also might be used as a sound absorbent. The concrete then is substituted with silica fume to reach more compressive strength. The value of absorption was measured by the impedance method of two microphones. The sample was put in a tube with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 5 cm. The proportion of samples using American NRMCA. Tests were carried out in the frequency range of 0-1600 Hz. The best sample is a sample with a 25% void ratio that could absorb sound over a long frequency range of 432-1600 Hz even though it only reaches class B. While the highest value of absorption coefficients was the sample with a void ratio of 20% which reach a value of 0.99997. The highest stiffness was achieved by 5% void concrete with a value of k= 5.8×106.

This study introduces the experiment based on following parameters: kind of aggregate (natural river gravel and air-cooled blast furnace slag), the aggregate gradation and content of binder. Main properties such as compressive strength, void content and hydraulic conductivity of pervious concrete were investigated in the experiment. The experiment showed satisfactory results in the case of pervious concrete made of natural aggregate. Results of pervious concrete made of air-cooled blast furnace slag aggregates are perspective, however needs for some optimizations. Results confirmed the opposite relationship between compressive strength and void content/hydraulic activity. ACBFS performs worse than NA as for compressive strength, while it performs better in the case of hydraulic conductivity and void content.

Permeable concrete has been widely used in infrastructure constructions due to its excellent water permeability and environmental protection function. In this paper, a silane coupling agent (SCA) was utilised to modify a cement paste and permeable concrete with an emulsified asphalt (EA) for improving the workability of the cement paste and the frost resistance of the permeable concrete. A rheometer was used to characterise the rheological properties of the cement paste. The results of the experiment suggested that the hysteresis loop area of the cement paste increased 10.2 % to a value of 22739 Pa/s, proving that the utilisation of the SCA was suitable to enhance the workability of the cement paste with the EA. The frost resistance of the permeable concrete increased 4.2 % while its 120-day dry shrinkage reduced 40.7 %. In addition, the bonding strength of the cement paste and the 28-day compressive strength of the permeable concrete increased 40.7 % and 61.4 % by the 0.14 % SCA, respectively. Furthermore, the difference of the total void ratio and interconnected void ratio of the permeable concrete was reduced by the SCA, which suggested the utilisation of the SCA was beneficial in ensuring the mechanical properties and water permeability of the concrete.

Carbonation curing is a promising method for CO2 sequestration and strength improvement of cement-based materials. For normal cement concretes, the carbonation dominantly occurs in the outer layer ...

A high strength self-compacting pervious concrete (SCPC) with top-bottom interconnected pores was prepared in this paper. The frost-resisting durability of such SCPC in different deicing salt concentrations (0%, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) was investigated. The mass-loss rate, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, flexural strength and hydraulic conductivity of SCPC after 300 freeze-thaw cycles were measured to evaluate the frost-resisting durability. In addition, the microstructures of SCPC near the top-bottom interconnected pores after 300 freeze-thaw cycles were observed by SEM. The results show that the high strength SCPC possesses much better frost-resisting durability than traditional pervious concrete (TPC) after 300 freeze-thaw cycles, which can be used in heavy loading roads. The most serious freeze-thaw damage emerges in the SCPC immersed in the 3% of NaCl solution, while there is no obvious damage in 20% of NaCl solution. Furthermore, it can be deduced that the high strength SCPC can be used for 100 years in a cold environment.

Research has been done to obtain a Porous Concrete (PC) mixture capable of bearing heavy traffic loads while maintaining sufficient air voids (AV) to percolate water into the ground. This research aims to establish several design parameters in PC mixture dosage in order to generate a multi-criteria methodology that helps to obtain a final product, which is beneficial for both citizens and environment. Compression strength, indirect tensile strength, permeability, skid resistance, and stiffness modulus were evaluated, employing different aggregate gradations (AG), water to cement (w/c) and sand to cement (s/c) ratios, designing with the Porous Concrete that the right addition of sand and AG can improve mechanical capacity Design (PCD) methodology. Results demonstrated by around 10% and permeability rates by around 25%. This investigation provides a starting point for the use of additives in PC mixtures that helps to bring multifunctional properties such as heat island mitigation, air purification (photo-catalysis) and noise reduction, among others. This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Union (ERDF) through the project SUPRIS-SUReS (Ref. BIA2015-65240-C2-1-R).

Pervious concrete is special class of concrete that has application in reducing stormwater runoff and mitigation of urban heat islands (UHIs). This paper studied the morphological and pore ...

Polymer-modified cement has found numerous applications due to its excellent tensile strength. When cement was modified with a single polymer, its tensile strength and performance marginally increased. However, when a small amount of the flexible polymer latex was added to cement, the mechanical performance of cement considerably improved. In this study, single-graded copolymer-modified pervious concrete was prepared by mixing styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with different acrylate polymers, and its mechanical performance and durability were systematically studied through mechanical tests and theoretical analyses. The main findings are as follows: (1) When a waterborne emulsion was added, the freeze resistance of cement concrete increased, and its mass loss rate decreased. Cement concrete with two latexes had higher sulphate corrosion resistance and substantially lower dry shrinkage strain than ordinary cement concrete. (2) Through scanning electron microscopy, the microstructural changes in the cement binder, ordinary polymer-modified concrete, and the copolymer-modified cement concrete used in this study were observed, and the findings were compared with those reported in the literature. (3) Single-graded copolymer-modified pervious concrete exhibited excellent shrinkage performance. This study showed that single-graded copolymer-modified pervious concrete satisfied the performance requirements for use as a paving material for special cases.

Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) deicers applications onto pervious concrete pavements can deteriorate the material, and studies investigate treatments to increase the concrete resistance to MgCl2 attacks. In this paper, pervious concrete specimens are subjected to a treatment with Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution, which seems to accelerate concrete carbonation and might hamper chemical reactions between MgCl2 deicer and hydroxides in cement mortar. All specimens had their compressive strength tested and the time frames before and after treatment varied. Results show that at least 2 months should be given post curing before treatment to not harm the concrete, and longer post treatment periods may be beneficial.

The durability qualities of porous concrete created with a cement, nano silica(NS), and a minimum of 5% natural river sand as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate were investigated in this work. This study used two coarse aggregate sizes, 20 mm and 10 mm, in a 50:50 ratio. The pervious mixes for w/b ratios 0.34 and 0.30 were subjected to durability tests such as acid impact, alkali impact, and cantabro abrasion loss. The chemical resistance test revealed that the mass decrease percentage was 20.56 percent at 5% HCl solution, 4.23 percent at 5% H2So4 solution, and 0.27 percent for Na2So4 solutions after 180 days of immersion. Sulphuric acid was discovered to be the most harmful of the three chemical environments for all concrete mixtures.The abrasion loss found to be in the range of 18 to 28%.The durability of concrete mixes using nano silica was demonstrated.

Permeable concrete is an environmentally friendly material that improves water permeability and slip resistance. The manuscript describes a new study aimed at improving the strength of permeable concrete obtained using local materials for the partial replacement of cement with rice and wheat straw ash due to the high amount of silica and pozzolanic characteristics present in the ash. For this purpose, nine concrete mixes were made (Phase I). The mixes were classified into four groups: Group A, with cement/aggregate ratios of 0.23, 0.34, and 0.44 for Mixes 1, 2, and 3, respectively, Group B, with sand added at 10% and 15% to the coarse aggregate for Mixes 4 and 5, Group C, with rice straw ash replacement ratios of 10% and 15% in the cement for Mixes 6 and 7, and, finally, Group D with wheat straw ash replacement ratios of 10% and 15% in the cement for Mixes 8 and 9. For Groups B to D, the water/binder ratio was 0.238. Fresh and hardened concrete tests were conducted. The results showed that Mixes C and D, which contained rice and wheat straw ash, increased the compaction factor due to their spherical shape and higher surface area compared with traditional pervious concrete. Additionally, permeability and porosity increased slightly for the mixes using rice and wheat straw ash. This could be attributed to increasing the interconnected voids. Optimum porosity was reached with 15% rice straw ash. The optimum mix design from Phase I was used in Phase II. Therefore, six pervious concrete slabs, reinforced with different types of reinforcement, were tested under flexural load. With the help of ANSYS, a finite element model was created to verify the results of experiments. The results of the numerical simulation are consistent with the results of the experiment. This article represents a definite step to new knowledge in the field of research of permeable concrete obtained using the partial replacement of cement with rice and wheat straw ash. Hence, this form of concrete can be used for parking lot paving, sludge beds for sewage plants, swimming pool surfaces, bridge walkways, zoo area floors, and animal barns. This concrete can also be used in applications requiring lightweight concrete.

Pervious concrete is an eco-efficient concrete but has problems regarding its mechanical performance and permeability balance. This research investigated the feasibility of using a combination of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylate polymer to improve the toughness of pervious concrete while keeping its permeability. Single-sized aggregate and no sand were considered in the concrete mixture. Acrylate polymers with different solid content, PH, density, and viscosity were emulsion copolymerized with an SBR polymer. Eleven scenarios with different mix proportions and 220 specimens for compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural stiffness, impact resistance, and fracture toughness tests were selected to evaluate the effects of the copolymer on the toughness of copolymer-modified pervious concrete (CMPC). The studies showed that (1) the influence trend of the copolymers generally varied according to different mechanical indexes, (2) XG–6001 acrylate polymer mainly and comprehensively enhanced the toughness of the CMPC, (3) it was difficult to increase the enhancing property of the XG–6001 acrylate polymer with the growth of its mix proportion, (4) the zero-sand pervious concrete with 90% SBR and 10% XG–6001 acrylate emulsion copolymerization proved to have relatively high toughness. The proposed CMPC holds promising application value in sustainability traffic road construction.

The purpose of the investigation was to study the effect of binary and ternary blends of cement on the mechanical properties of pervious concrete (PC) specimen through destructive (DT) and non-destructive testing (NDT). Various combinations of fly ash (FA), limestone powder (LP), metakaolin (MK), and silica fume (SF) as mineral admixtures have been investigated to partially replace the cement up to 30% by weight in PC. Standard cube specimens of size 150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm of binary and ternary blends of mineral admixture of pervious concrete were prepared to conduct standard compressive strength test and split tensile test at 7 and 28 days of curing. The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test and Rebound Hammer test were used as a non-destructive testing tool to substantiate the robustness of PC and to determine the approximate mechanical properties where other destructive testing tools are not feasible in case of in-place pervious pavements. Overall the pervious concrete made with LP based ternary blends (PLM and PLS) were found to perform better than FA based ternary blends (PFM and PFS) and control mix (PC) in destructive and non-destructive testing.

The recycling of waste ceramic foams as fine aggregates to prepare a high strength pervious concrete (HSPC) was investigated. The as-obtained pervious concrete that was made using the waste ceramic foams presented promising results, with a high compressive strength of 36.54 MPa at 28 d and a favorable permeability of 3.8 mm s−1 compared to the traditional pervious concrete (TPC) without fine aggregates. Therefore, the dual objectives of improving the mechanical properties of pervious concrete with favorable permeability and reusing solid waste were achieved.

The results of scientific research in realization of energy-intensity cellular concrete production technology of normal condition hardening are shown. Physical-mechanical and thermophysical properties of cellular concretes, which are produced by this technology, are relevant to active normative documents. In this case the produced cellular concretes are characterized with strength increasing in time in compare to autoclave hardening cellular concretes and aerated concrete. The influence of the chemical activity of the fillers on the performance of the final product has been established. According to the results of the performed researches it is established that the activity of the filler determines the kinetics of change in the time of the strength of the composition, which solidifies under normal conditions. When used as ground coal ash filler, the level of strength of porous concrete at the age of 28 days is at the level of strength of the composition with the addition of ground granulated slag (3,22 and 3,38 MPa, respectively). It is also found that, unlike autoclaved aerated concretes, the strength of aerated concretes of normal cement based on Portland cement increases over time both on binder without mineral additives and in the presence of ash, milled slag and quartz sand. The intensity of the process of gaining strength over time is determined by the activity of the mineral additive. When used as a mineral admixture of non-ground quartz sand, which, under normal curing conditions, does not interact with the curing of Portland cement, the strength of the porous concrete decreases with increasing amount of this additive in the composition. The intensity of the strength of these compositions at the age of 90 days, depending on the amount of additive, is 10 - 18%. The proposed technology for the production of cellular concrete based on Portland cement, curing under normal conditions, was implemented in industrial production. D700 concrete was selected as the base for production.

This research uses stone ash waste from the stone crusher industry to preserve the environment. This material is an ingredient in making normal concrete. The use of stone ash as a substitute for sand is expected to increase the compressive strength in the planned slump and can optimize the use of rock ash waste to reduce environmental pollution that occurs. This study uses an experimental method with a total of 32 pieces of specimens. Each variation consists of 3 samples with a variety of fine aggregate levels of 40%, 44%, and 46%. The test object is a concrete cylinder with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm. Test results for compressive strength at seven days for fine aggregate content variations of 40%: 22.25 Mpa; 44%: 24.30 Mpa; 46%: 17.08 MPa. Test results of compressive strength at the age of 14 days for variations in fine aggregate levels of 40%: 26.10 Mpa; 44%: 28.51 Mpa; 46%: 20.04 Mpa. Test results of compressive strength at the age of 21 days for fine aggregate content variations of 40%: 28.18 Mpa; 44%: 30.78 Mpa; 46%: 21.63 MPa. With these results, the Porous concrete produced can be used as preservation and maintain environmental protection. This product very cheap when compared to the original concrete, which calculated 22 U$ per square. The use of porous concrete has an impact on people's behavior that will preserve the environment, especially water content in the soil.

Pervious concrete is a type of concrete with high porosity. It is used for concrete flatworks application that allows the water to pass through it, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and allowing ground water recharge. The high porosity is attained by highly interconnected voids content. Pervious concrete has water to cementicious material ratio of 0.36. The mixture is composed of cementicious materials, coarse aggregates and water with no fine aggregates. In this paper works porous concrete with fly ash as a blended material is tested for strength and permeability for assessing the adaptability of fly ash as a substitute material to cement. The percentage of fly ash is varied from 10% and 20%. Various tests like compressive strength, tensile strength and water permeability are done on the specimens and results are discussed.