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This paper presents an average-value model of a line-commutated converter-based HVDC system using dynamic phasors. The model represents the low-frequency dynamics of the converter and its ac and dc systems, and has lower computational requirements than a conventional electromagnetic-transient (EMT) switching model. The developed dynamic-phasor model is verified against an EMT model of the CIGRE HVDC Benchmark. Simulation results confirm the validity and accuracy of the average value model in predicting the low-frequency dynamics of the ac- and dc-side quantities. Merits and applicability limitations of the average model are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper extends the concept of dynamic average-value modeling to power-electronic-intensive hybrid-electric vehicular power trains. Hybrid vehicles with plug-in capability are becoming increasingly important in the study of emerging smart power grids, and their simulation using digital programs has gained widespread attention. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of averaging in preserving the dynamic characteristics of the vehicular system while reducing the computational intensity of its simulation on an Electromagnetic Transients Program-type simulator. This paper presents an example of averaging for modeling, simulation, and system-level studies of a power-split gear hybrid drive-train. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper deals with the current state-of-the-art in interfacing issues related to real-time digital simulators employed in the simulation of power systems and power-electronic systems. This paper provides an overview of technical challenges encountered and their solutions as the real-time digital simulators evolved. Hardware-in-the-loop interfacing for controller hardware and power apparatus hardware are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]