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Objectives We incorporated the Korean Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) vocabulary into Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) vocabulary using a semi-automated process. The goal of this study was to improve the Korean EDI as a standard medical ontology in Korea. Methods We incorporated the EDI vocabulary into OMOP vocabulary through four main steps. First, we improved the current classification of EDI domains and separated medical services into procedures and measurements. Second, each EDI concept was assigned a unique identifier and validity dates. Third, we built a vertical hierarchy between EDI concepts, fully describing child concepts through relationships and attributes and linking them to parent terms. Finally, we added an English definition for each EDI concept. We translated the Korean definitions of EDI concepts using Google.Cloud.Translation.V3, using a client library and manual translation. We evaluated the EDI using 11 auditing criteria for controlled vocabularies. Results We incorporated 313,431 concepts from the EDI to the OMOP Standardized Vocabularies. For 10 of the 11 auditing criteria, EDI showed a better quality index within the OMOP vocabulary than in the original EDI vocabulary. Conclusions The incorporation of the EDI vocabulary into the OMOP Standardized Vocabularies allows better standardization to facilitate network research. Our research provides a promising model for mapping Korean medical information into a global standard terminology system, although a comprehensive mapping of official vocabulary remains to be done in the future.

Incomplete information often occurs along with many database applications, e.g., in data integration, data cleaning, or data exchange. The idea of data imputation is often to fill the missing data with the values of its neighbors who share the same/similar information. Such neighbors could either be identified certainly by editing rules or extensively by similarity relationships. Owing to data sparsity, the number of neighbors identified by editing rules w.r.t. value equality is rather limited, especially in the presence of data values with variances . To enrich the imputation candidates, a natural idea is to extensively consider the neighbors with similarity relationship. However, the candidates suggested by these (heterogenous) similarity neighbors may conflict with each other. In this paper, we propose to utilize the similarity rules with tolerance to small variations (instead of the aforesaid editing rules with strict equality constraints) to rule out the invalid candidates provided by similarity neighbors. To enrich the data imputation, i.e., imputing the missing values more , we study the problem of maximizing the missing data imputation. Our major contributions include (1) the np -hardness analysis on solving as well as approximating the problem, (2) exact algorithms for tackling the problem, and (3) efficient approximation with performance guarantees. Experiments on real and synthetic data sets demonstrate the superiority of our proposal in filling accuracy. We also demonstrate that the record matching application is indeed improved, after applying the proposed imputation.

The process of selling software at PT. Electronic Data Interchange Indonesia is a very important thing besides the programmer division which is the company's kitchen, without sales the company is less effective. The purpose of writing is to design a system that can provide easier for companies in the process of selling software so that it will be more economical and communicative. The research method used in this research is using quantitative methods using primary and secondary data as samples. Primary data is taken from field observations in the workplace, namely by observing, interviewing customers and company employees. Secondary data is taken from available data by conducting a literature study. The software used in designing web-based software sales system applications is using the PHP programming language (Hypertext Preprocessor) and MySql as the database. The system development method used is the waterfall method with the modeling tools used are context diagrams, Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) and Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD). The results achieved in the design of software sales systems by utilizing computer system technology to assist customers in buying products sold by PT. Electronic Data Interchange Indonesia practically. Conclusion The system is designed as simple as possible so that customers and companies can use it very easily.

The article presents the concept of good practice in IT and the implementation of EDI technology in the Polish judicial system. The concept of good practice was described in the implementation of the pilot project of good management of the subordinate units of the Polish Ministry of Justice as a part of the project “Education in the time and cost management of judicial proceedings – case management”. The project was partially funded by the European Social Fund within the framework of Human Capital. The aim of the good practice “Digital writ of habeas corpus” (abbreviated to d-writ) is to introduce tools for electronic data interchange (EDI). These tools facilitate orders bringing prisoners and/or witnesses to courts by the police (replace paper communication with EDI communication channel embedded in IS of interested parties). It uses XML-based EDI protocol and encrypted data channel. The digital writ of habeas corpus saves both the courts an police money, and reduces the duration and complexity of the process. The article presents the assumptions of good d-writ practice, the technology involved and the stages of the project’s implementation.

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) has been a trusted form of communication standard for numerous industries since the 1970's. EDI is used for the exchange of data between two or more entities using an agreed upon EDI standard. With the plethora of data being generated across industries and research, the reliance on technologies such as EDI is more significant than ever. For an industry dealing with sensitive information such as health care, the parameters of security and reliability are of the utmost importance. A traditional EDI protocol provides a structured mechanism for data sharing between a sender and receiver creating pockets of disconnected data across the health care network. With the advent of blockchain there is now a more complete way to connect all these pockets of data. Blockchain is a distributed ledger that can be accessed by any entity, who has been granted access, to the blockchain. Every partner on the blockchain can see the most current data between all partners removing the typical delays and mishandling of data. By coupling together an industry standard such as EDI with blockchain creates a system that can allow for continued use of a trusted system but revolutionize it with ease of access for everyone involved. Creating an end-to-end data mechanism will not only generate more data, but more complete data since it will include data from every entity in the network on a distributed ledger. While blockchain in health care is not a new idea what this paper is proposing is the next step in this trend by looking at how big data analytics can be used along with the improved data transmission system. With the more complete data that would be generated from an EDI and blockchain system big data will be able to make better predictions, and even open the door to some completely new ways of analyzing data. The objective of this paper is to outline the current technologies and explore some possibilities for how integrating these technologies could benefit any industry, but more specifically health care.

The medical record is the work product of the healthcare team. The information contained in the medical record is comprised of patient complaints and recollections; medications and substance use history; data such as laboratory values, radiograph reports, and physical examination findings; and impressions and judgment. In order for patients to discuss their health issues frankly and honestly with healthcare professionals, there must be a sense of confidentiality and trust. In the past, handwritten medical charts could be lost or photocopied, but such breaches were limited in scope. The electronic medical record (EMR) created a cyberdocument that was ethereal that allowed for multiuser access, and which was portable; however, as with all electronic data, the EMR was subject to inadvertent large-scale dissemination and large-scale “hacking” access. In order to leverage the opportunities of the EMR and to best utilize the EMR for electronic data interchange and analysis, the passage of security laws was necessary. Laws and regulations regarding the privacy of medical information include not only HIPAA and HITECH but also state privacy laws and disciplinary rules and regulations. The scope and impact of such privacy rules and regulations on healthcare continue to evolve.

Machine learning has emerged as a promising paradigm for enabling connected, automated vehicles to autonomously cruise the streets and react to unexpected situations. Reacting to such situations requires accurate classification for uncommon events, which in turn depends on the selection of large, diverse, and high-quality training data. In fact, the data available at a vehicle (e.g., photos of road signs) may be affected by errors or have different levels of resolution and freshness. To tackle this challenge, we propose an active learning framework that, leveraging the information collected through onboard sensors as well as received from other vehicles, effectively deals with scarce and noisy data. Given the information received from neighboring vehicles, our solution: (i) selects which vehicles can reliably generate high-quality training data, and (ii) obtains a reliable subset of data to add to the training set by trading off between two essential features, i.e., quality and diversity. The results, obtained with different real-world datasets, demonstrate that our framework significantly outperforms state-of-the-art solutions, providing high classification accuracy with a limited bandwidth requirement for the data exchange between vehicles. Horizon 2020 Framework Programme;European Commission Scopus

There is an increase in the usage of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices which focus on, efficiency and automation of different tasks to minimize the user intervention during COVID-19 pandemic. These IoT devices incur seamless excessive data exchange, Therefore, there is need for reinforcing the security, authentication and privacy to be more resilient to the various types of attacks which are the key concern for many organizations, especially cloud based networks carrying sensitive data. This paper presents a review of the challenges facing the IoT ecosystem along with the attack vectors threatening the IoT environment. A proposed solution for defending security threats found in IoT using blockchain technology is also discussed.

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is an electronic data exchange mechanism between a company and another company or Business to Business (B2B) in a supply chain cycle. In this study, EDI's role in managing the procurement of goods as well as the EDI model has been applied. Determination of vendor recommendations is one element of vendor performance evaluation of the procurement process. Lack of information and analysis obtained by PT. Cinovasi Rekaprima makes it difficult to predict vendor recommendations. Predicted vendor recommendations can help the Procurement Division in developing appropriate strategies to determine recommended vendors. This problem can be applied to data mining techniques to make predictions using the classification method. Decision Tree is a method that converts facts into decision trees that represent rules that can be interpreted by humans. Attributes that influence the determination of vendor recommendations consist of the availability of goods, services, ease of ordering and product quality. Sample data obtained directly from the Procurement Division of PT. Cinovasi Rekaprima is primary data in the form of vendor data (quotation) and secondary data in the form of vendor performance evaluation forms. The result of the EDI application is a classification consisting of 2 classes, namely recommended vendors and non-recommended vendors and the Procurement Division can use it for decision making to determine the right vendor, so that the procurement process becomes easier and increases company profitability. The testing model uses k-fold cross-validation with the k value is 1 to 10 fold. This application can determine vendor recommendations with the highest accuracy 87.00 % on k-3 and k-5 fold.

Data generated by sensors in Internet of Things ecosystems contains lots of valuable information, which is often not used to its full potential. This is mainly due to the fact that data is stored in proprietary storages and formats. Manufacturers of sensor devices often offer closed platforms to view and manage the data, which limits their reusability. Moreover, questions start to raise about true data ownership over data generated from monitoring our everyday lives. In order to overcome these issues several initiatives have emerged in the past to hand over data to the rightful owner. One of these initiatives is Solid, currently focusing on socially linked data. However, never before did one apply the Solid principles to Internet of Things data. Therefore, in this paper, a novel approach is presented where sensor data is handled from sensor to storage using open data formats and standards to ensure interoperability and reusability. It is shown that combining existing concepts can be helpful in designing decentralized Internet of Things data storages, on top of which data can be incorporated into the Linked Open Data cloud. This has been done by comparing the overhead of a regular approach, using Linked Open Data concepts on top of a sensor device, to an approach that was optimized for device management in constrained Internet of Things networks.

We automate the process of license compatibility compliance.We consider the emerging Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) specification.License detection is an important step in the license compatibility process.We use a testing set with open source projects including three popular software products as case studies. Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) promotes software reuse and distribution at different levels for both creator and users, but at the same time imposes some challenges in terms of FOSS licenses that can be selected and combined. The main problem linked to this selection is the presence of a large set of licenses that define different rights and obligations in software use. The problem becomes more evident in cases of complex combinations of software that carries different often conflicting licenses. In this paper we are presenting our work on automating license compatibility by proposing a process that examines the structure of Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) for license compatibility issues assisting in their correct use and combination. We are offering the possibility to detect license violations in existing software projects and make suggestions on appropriate combinations of different software packages. We are also elaborating on the complexity and ambiguity of licensing detection in software products through representative case studies. Our work constitutes a useful process towards automating the analysis of software systems in terms of license use and compatibilities.

To reduce communication overhead on the premise of privacy protection, this study presents a novel secret Confusion based energy-saving and privacypreserving data aggregation algorithm (CESPT). In confusion phase, CESPT confuses real sensory data and their sources by positive-negative pairs and a confusion factor is introduced to determine the quantity of pairs generated by a sensor, the exchange rounds and the threshold of data exchange, which affect communication overhead and privacy intensity of a Wireless sensor network (WSN). In aggregation phase, CESPT adopts a positive-negative neutralization strategy and a well-designed time slice allocation mechanism to reduce network traffic and message collision. In a word, CESPT can greatly reduce data traffic and energy consumption and obtain accurate statistical results on the basis of data privacy.

Although ever more and powerful information collection, processing, storage, and communication devices are available, disadvantaged battlefield connectivity currently prevents full exploitation of the potentially available information. An infrastructure for adaptive information processing and distribution may improve this situation by providing advanced and autonomous orchestration mechanisms for real-time data exchange and service execution. This paper provides an overview of the work being done on this topic within the NATO IST-168 RTG: its ambition, architectural approach and status. © 2019 IEEE.

We propose the idea of a quantum cheque scheme, a cryptographic protocol in which any legitimate client of a trusted bank can issue a cheque, that cannot be counterfeited or altered in anyway, and can be verified by a bank or any of its branches. We formally define a quantum cheque and present the first unconditionally secure quantum cheque scheme and show it to be secure against any no-signalling adversary. The proposed quantum cheque scheme can been perceived as the quantum analog of Electronic Data Interchange, as an alternate for current e-Payment Gateways.

Purpose – This paper aims to give step-by-step guidance for downloading data from any site that uses a simple object access protocol (SOAP) interface such as Web of Science (WOS)/Web of Knowledge. The SOAP interface is a method that is used widely by Web sites to allow automatic download of data. Using a case study approach, we also discuss some problems that can happen and ways to avoid them. The WOS is used as a demonstration. Design/methodology/approach – This case study explores ways to download large amounts of data from a Web site. As pitfalls were encountered, techniques were developed to circumnavigate them. The result is a specific procedure for accessing these types of databases. Findings – The paper provides a transferrable procedure that non-technical people can use to access WOS and other SOAP data sources. Practical implications – The set of scripts are presented in the paper that will allow others to download data from any site that uses a SOAP interface. Explanations are given so that the procedure can be adapted for other tasks. Originality/value – This paper clearly illustrates how to interact with a SOAP interface with explicit instructions for downloading from WOS. It is written for the non- technical with illustrations at each step. Instructions are given for modifying the scripts so that librarians can search using other keywords and dates as well as downloading from other Web sites.

Businesses are obliged to report all kinds of data to the government. In the past this was paper-based, and over time Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) types of solutions have been implemented. The new eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) standard seems to have replaced EDI types of solutions. This paper applies the Best Worst Method to identify the key factors that lead to the dominance of these business reporting standards. The results show that the key factors for standard dominance are the overall commitment of key stakeholders, timing of entry, and installed base, and suggest that XBRL has the best chance of becoming the dominant standard, replacing EDI as the standard for business reporting. However, this will take time due to the installed base of systems.

To minimize the differences between the data standards of Healthcare Information System (HIS) then it needs a system that is using a standardized international health among others OpenEHR health information standards from Europe and the HL7 health information standards comes from America. In OpenEHR, all of a patient's health data to be stored in the history of life, are independent vendors, and centered on one person. HL7 (Health Level Seven) is one of many ANSI standard which has been accredited by SDO (Standards Developing Organizations). HL7 does not develop healthcare or hospital software application, but it only develops the concepts, methodology, specification, and standard, so exchanging data among different application is possible to be done. Conceptually, this exchanging data method is known as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). As an embodiment to provide standardization of HIS based on Health Level Seven, it is achieved by building a web service of HIS based on HL7. This web service will be expected to make a standardizing the health data based on HL7, so that the process of data exchange or health information becomes more structured.

Situation faced: The automotive industry company HEYCO-WERK Heynen GmbH & Co. KG (HEYCO) wanted to improve how it handled purchase order confirmations. Its purchase department spent a lot of time entering incoming purchase order confirmations from its vendors into its SAP system. This process had to be automated with the most suitable technology to make it more time- and cost-efficient. (a) Action taken: Before doing anything else, we had to choose the technology to support the process. Based on an empirical study, we developed a comparison scheme for business-to-business (B2B) technologies. We considered three types of technology, electronic data interchange (EDI), online portals, and interactive forms. Unlike the first two categories, interactive forms are seldom considered in the literature as an alternative B2B technology, but they turned out to be the best technology to support the purchase order confirmation process. Therefore, we chose them to support the process. (b) Results achieved: With the implementation of interactive forms as a B2B solution to process purchase order confirmations, we achieved essential efficiency gains in time and quality. Working with interactive forms is well accepted by the process owners in the purchase department, who were able to automate the recording of purchase order confirmations with more than 100 vendors within 6 months. (c) Lessons learned: Interactive forms turned to be a highly flexible and powerful tool in avoiding media breaks in document-driven processes. We present the results of a feedback round with HEYCO’s process owners, which was carried out 9 months after the introduction of the new procedure. Based on the input from those interviews, we discuss useful enhancements for the application to meet changed requirements and to accelerate technology adoption.

Purpose – The main purpose of this article is to provide a focal framework with the aim of making integrated digital libraries in technical and content level of syntactic interoperability between digital libraries. Design/methodology/approach – Literature review, library research method and analytical approach were used in the first step of this research in order to design IDL framework. Then a survey of 11 Iranian digital library applications was conducted for testing the proposed framework. Finally, based on the findings, conceptual integration architecture was proposed based on the framework. Findings – Based on the literature a framework for integration of digital library applications in syntax level is proposed which includes four core layers: models, protocols, metadata formats, and context-based layer. Based on the findings of the survey, integration architecture is proposed which includes all the mentioned layers in the IDL framework. So as to decrease cost of installing the architecture, cloud base technology architecture introduced to be used inverse. Originality/value – A gap exists between research and practice in the field of integrated digital libraries. In fact this article is an attempt to cover this gap by proposing a framework that can be implemented.

The role of true e-Government is becoming vital and gaining much attention as modern businesses need adaptive, dynamic and strategic business partnerships in the form of Virtual Organizations and e-Enterprises to survive in the turbulent and global competitive environment. Therefore, managing today's dynamic, collaborative and networked nature of government environment is quite challenging. Real e-Government solution is expected to use, flexible and reusable technology to support valuable citizens and modern business expectations to access necessary government services and information. Here comes the requirement for more efficient ways of integrating their systems together under appropriate e-Government solution. It enables citizens and business organizations to interact with government on nearly all matters, 24/7, without knowing which part of the government is providing the required service. In fact, much research work is being done in e-Business Integration but e-Government Integration is comparatively ignored. As a matter of fact, practical implementation of 'seamless' government across jurisdiction is the most challenging aspect of the future of eGovernment which is the subject of our research. In this research, we first formalize the basis/requirements of such e-Government Integration framework as standard and then analyze all candidate software solutions which could help us in development of better and appropriate integrated solution of e-Government, and finally develop the required e-Government Integration framework that adheres to the requirements. Fulfilling our requirement, major approaches like SOA and EDA, transformation of supporting technologies starting from Electronic Data Interchange to WS's and integration at processes level through XML are primarily examined with the intent to give easy to use, reusable, flexible, scalable and adaptable e-Government Integration solution. Our proposed solution encompasses the most difficult problem of efficiently connecting varied inter eGovernments and intra e-Government activities with citizens and modern business configurations like: Virtual Organizations (VO), e-Enterprises, etc. allowing the governments to respond efficiently

EDI is an important part of logistics information technology and is also the basis and prerequisite of the implementation for supply chain logistics information system. This paper researches on electronic data interexchange of embedded Linux to promote EDI technology to be widely used in the field of logistics control. First, the paper studies kernel structure of embedded Linux that includes process scheduling, memory management, virtual file system, network interface, inter-process communication and methods and procedures of kernel cutting; then, we can research a number of issues in the logistics field of electronic data interchange supported by embedded Linux. The issues include workflow, hierarchical structure and main applications and so on. Contents of this paper extend the application area and support environment of EDI. In addition, it is an important research direction in logistics informatization used EDI technology.

Organizations tend to use information systems (IS) applications that require data to be exchanged between different parties, while data exchange is restricted with information reach and range, which determines the organizations’ IT platform. To determine the best platform, a comparison between electronic data interchange (EDI) and web services was conducted depending on certain criteria, and then we match the results with the information reach and range. The main findings show that the web services platform can take place when the range of information access is required by anyone and anywhere regardless of IT base. EDI can take place when the range of information access doesn’t exceed the organizations’ boundaries. But when the range of information access exceeds the organizations’ boundaries, still between certain partners, web services or EDI can take place, and thus the organization can select them from those platforms depending on other criteria such as security, and cost.

With the recent adoption and diffusion of the data sharing paradigm in distributed systems such as online social networks or cloud computing, there have been increasing demands and concerns for distributed data security. One of the most challenging issues in data sharing systems is the enforcement of access policies and the support of policies updates. Ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) is becoming a promising cryptographic solution to this issue. It enables data owners to define their own access policies over user attributes and enforce the policies on the data to be distributed. However, the advantage comes with a major drawback which is known as a key escrow problem. The key generation center could decrypt any messages addressed to specific users by generating their private keys. This is not suitable for data sharing scenarios where the data owner would like to make their private data only accessible to designated users. In addition, applying CP-ABE in the data sharing system introduces another challenge with regard to the user revocation since the access policies are defined only over the attribute universe. Therefore, in this study, we propose a novel CP-ABE scheme for a data sharing system by exploiting the characteristic of the system architecture. The proposed scheme features the following achievements: 1) the key escrow problem could be solved by escrow-free key issuing protocol, which is constructed using the secure two-party computation between the key generation center and the data-storing center, and 2) fine-grained user revocation per each attribute could be done by proxy encryption which takes advantage of the selective attribute group key distribution on top of the ABE. The performance and security analyses indicate that the proposed scheme is efficient to securely manage the data distributed in the data sharing system.

The increasing popularity of the Web of Data is motivating the need to integrate semantic-web ontologies. Data exchange is one integration approach that aims to populate a target ontology using data that come from one or more source ontologies. Currently, there exist a variety of systems that are suitable to perform data exchange among these ontologies; unfortunately, they have uneven performance, which makes it appealing assessing and ranking them from an empirical point of view. In the bibliography, there exist a number of benchmarks, but they cannot be applied to this context because they are not suitable for testing semantic-web ontologies or they do not focus on data exchange problems. In this paper, we present MostoBM, a benchmark for testing data exchange systems in the context of such ontologies. It provides a catalogue of three real-world and seven synthetic data exchange patterns, which can be instantiated into a variety of scenarios using some parameters. These scenarios help to analyze how the performance of data exchange systems evolves as the exchanging ontologies are scaled in structured and/or data. Finally, we provide an evaluation methodology to compare data exchange systems side by side and to make informed and statistically sound decisions regarding: 1) which data exchange system performs better; and 2) how the performance of a system is influenced by the parameters of our benchmark.

Government agencies use information technology extensively to collect business data for regulatory purposes. Data communication standards form part of the infrastructure with which businesses must conform to survive. We examine the development of, and emerging competition between, two open business reporting data standards adopted by government bodies in France; Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport (EDIFACT) (incumbent) and eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) (challenger). The research explores whether an incumbent may be displaced in a setting in which the contest is unresolved. Latour's translation map is applied to trace the enrollments and detours in the battle. We find that regulators play an important role as allies in the development of the standards. The antecedent networks in which the standards are located embed strong beliefs that become barriers to collaboration and fuel the battle. One of the key differentiating attitudes is whether speed is more important than legitimacy. The failure of collaboration encourages competition. The newness of XBRL's technology just as regulators need to respond to an economic crisis and its adoption by French regulators not using EDIFACT create an opportunity for the challenger to make significant network gains over the longer term. ANT also highlights the importance of the preservation of key components of EDIFACT in ebXML.

In dynamic peer to peer (P2P) e-commerce, it is an important and difficult problem to promote online businesses without sacrificing the desired trust to secure transactions. In this paper, we address malicious threats in order to guarantee secrecy and integrity of recommendations exchanged among peers in P2P e-commerce. In addition to trust, secret keys are required to be established between each peer and its neighbors. Further, we propose a key management approach gkeying to generate six types of keys. Our work mainly focuses on key generation for securing recommendations, and ensuring the integrity of recommendations. The proposed approach presented with a security and performance analysis, is more secure and more efficient in terms of communication cost, computation cost, storage cost, and feasibility.

Licensing decisions for new Open Source Software are not al-ways straightforward. However, the license that accompanies the software is important as it largely affects its subsequent distribution and reuse. License information for software products is captured-among other data-in the Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) files. The SPDX specification is gaining popularity in the software industry and has been adopted by many organizations internally. In this demonstration paper, we present our tool for the validation of SPDX files regarding proper license use. Software packages described in SPDX format are examined in order to detect license violations that may occur when a product combines different software sources that carry different and potentially contradicting licenses. The SPDX License Validation Tool (SLVT) gives the opportunity to check the compatibility of one or more SPDX files. The evaluation performed on a number of software packages demonstrates its usefulness for drawing conclusions on license use, revealing violations in some of the test projects. © 2016 ACM. 13-18-November-2016 1047 1051 Sponsors: Special Interest Group on Software Engineering (ACM SIGSOFT) Conference code: 124602

Osmotic computing is a new paradigm to support the efficient execution of Internet of Things (IoT) services and applications at the network edge. This paradigm is founded on the need for a holistic distributed system abstraction enabling the deployment of lightweight microservices on resource-constrained IoT platforms at the network edge, coupled with more complex microservices running on large-scale datacenters. This paradigm is driven by the significant increase in resource capacity/capability at the network edge, along with support for data transfer protocols that enable such resources to interact more seamlessly with datacenter-based services. This installment of "Blue Skies" discusses osmotic computing features, challenges, and future directions.

This paper proposes the replacement of the EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) technology, used in ports for information exchange between ports and ships, by more effective, flexible and open alternative. The proposal is motivated to design a negotiation protocol based on EbXML (Electronic Business using eXtensible Markup Language) to reduce interaction among actors in uses cases flows of the system. The methodology was based on system analysis techniques and documents of the port of Santos (Brazil). The results were validated using uses cases flows by reducing the number of interactions among the different entities or actors of the system. As conclusion, the study confirms that the substitution of technology is feasible and can be applied to other port information systems with the advantage of optimizing port processes.

Recently, the magnitude of electronic data interchange (EDI) document processing for the handling of port logistics is abruptly being increased. The existing system processes EDI documents in a script mode, but due to a complicated script preparation procedure and low document processing efficiency, it cannot meet the demand as the usage flow of documents increases. In this paper, an EDI electronic document processing system was designed and implemented in a document scanner and mapper, which are binary form electronic document processing tools and do not require script files during the conversion of extensible markup language (XML)-based electronic documents. This new system has the merits of XML features during reading and writing with improved speed, usage convenience, and good portability on systems when compared to the conventional ones.

This study examines information technology (IT) applications, the adoption of electronic data interchange (EDI) among hotel systems, and management support for IT departments in a sample of Hong Kong hotels. The empirical results indicate that most hotels have not installed decision support or strategic management tools. In addition, the ratio of EDI implementation between hotel systems and web applications is relatively low. The rate of adoption of automated credit card authorization, which can enhance the security of customer data, is only 6 percent for the property management system (PMS) and 17 percent for point of sale (POS) applications. In keeping with the increased importance of hotel IT systems, the background of hotel IT managers has changed dramatically in the past decade. Many more have IT-related qualifications, with almost 70 percent holding a bachelor’s degree or higher. Because of the low adoption of EDI, the authors propose a revised EDI adoption model. The original model includes perceived benefits, external pressure, and organizational readiness. Within organizational readiness are financial resources and IT competence, and to those two factors the new model adds IT managers’ attitude toward and awareness of EDI.

In education system, there is a need to collect data from the education providers, to facilitate informative decision making by the policy makers. Data collection is handled using tools like questionnaires, online surveys, online forms submission, and Electronic Data Interchange. This paper presents, EwayDataCollect, a tool for online data collection in education system. EwayDataCollect leverages the web service technology for data collection. It uses web service interface which is interoperable and supports communication between heterogeneous environments. The tool enables computer to computer data collection of both, statistical and detailed data. It facilitates collection of data from any number of educational providers. EwayDataCollect consists of three components: (1) Eway-Invocation, (2) DCF-Dissemination, and (3) Eway-Processing. The first component is responsible for registering the data requestor, accepting Data Capture Format (DCF) and details like URLs and email-ids of data providers. The task of second component is to disseminate DCF to the data providers. The third component of tool collects filled DCF from the data provider's registered URL. The collected data is parsed and stored in a database. EwayDataCollect is faster and easier to use. EwayDataCollect architecture, implementation and application are presented in this paper.

In the telehealth domain, caregiver networks provide support to the patient in the community, often through a personal health record (PHR). Current PHR systems typically are used where data and services are delivered through a single integrated data store that limits choice, is a fixed solution, and forces providers to conform to a specific data interface. Sqwelch is a mashup maker that enables trusted collaboration between a caregiver network's members through a virtual, distributed PHR. Sqwelch provides an intuitive means for the caregiver network to create personalized mashups, while the patient retains privacy control through trust specifications.

Last port logistics for the EDI(Electronic Data Interchange) document processing system using a rapid increase in the complaint is handled. However, the existing system in a way that the script processing EDI documents, but the complexity of the script writing and document processing efficiency, lower consumption due to increased demand for processing has not kept up. Therefore, we changed the script in a way how to handle the binary system was designed and implemented. Also used for port logistics has developed 12 types of EDI documents. Accordingly, the document processing speed compared to existing methods are improved twelvefold port logistics system for processing EDI documents are expected to be utilized.

Electronic data interchange is the domain of exchanging business documents in a structured format. Nowadays, these systems take more and more advantage of service-oriented solutions. Nevertheless, a rigorous approach to customize the input and output messages of these services to the context of a business partnership is required. In this paper, we suggest a model-driven approach to develop the XML Schemas of input and output messages of web services. Since classical data modeling approaches like regular UML class diagrams are not sufficient for modeling business documents, we base our approach on the UN/CEFACT Core Components Technical Specification (CCTS), which does not come with a presentation syntax. Thus, we deliver a UML profile extending class diagrams by CCTS concepts, called UML Profile for Core Components (UPCC). UPCC models are transferred to equivalent XML Schemas following well-defined naming and design rules. In order to allow for an easy search and retrieval of core component business document definitions, a registry is needed. The registry has to handle UPCC models--that are exchanged and stored in XMI--as well as their XML Schema equivalences. In this paper, we extend the ebRIM registry meta-model for the special purpose of registering core component artifacts and defining their interdependencies.

In past decades, transportation research has been driven by mathematical equations and has relied on scarce data. With increasing amounts of data being collected from intelligent transportation system sensors, data-driven or data-based research is expected to expand soon. Most online systems are designed to handle one type of data, such as from freeway or arterial sensors. Even if transportation data are ubiquitous, data usability is difficult to improve. A framework is proposed for a regionwide web-based transportation decision system that adopts digital roadway maps as the base and provides data layers for integrating multiple data sources (e.g., traffic sensor, incident, accident, and travel time). This system, called the Digital Roadway Interactive Visualization and Evaluation Network (DRIVE Net), provides a practical method for facilitating data retrieval and integration and enhances data usability. Moreover, DRIVE Net offers a platform for optimizing transportation decisions that also serves as an ideal tool for visualizing historical observations spatially and temporally. Not only can DRIVE Net be used as a practical tool for various transportation analyses, with the use of its online computation engine, DRIVE Net can also help evaluate the benefit of a specific transportation solution. In its current implementation, DRIVE Net demonstrates potential to be used soon as a standard tool to incorporate more data sets from different fields (e.g., health and household data) and offer a platform for real-time decision making.

In the shipbuilding industry, different computer-aided design (CAD) systems are used for different design domains, structure, and outfitting. We need to exchange data among different CAD systems such as Tribon, AutoCAD, Intergraph or PDMS to complete the whole design and production process. There are two approaches to data exchange. One is direct translation; the other is indirect translation, which is based on a neutral format. If we use a neutral format, the data specification is open to the public and the design model can be used by other CAD systems, including next-generation CAD systems. In this paper, we propose an indirect method that uses ISO 10303 (STandard for the Exchange of Product model data) AP227 and ISO 15926 to define neutral formats. A separate ShapeDB is constructed to manage the geometry information, referenced to the catalogue data defined by ISO 15926. An experimental implementation for data exchange between Tribon and PDMS is described.

In order to use new visualizations, most toolkits require application developers to rebuild their applications and distribute new versions to users. The WebCharts Framework take a different approach by hosting Javascript from within an application and providing a standard data and events interchange.. In this way, applications can be extended dynamically, with a wide variety of visualizations. We discuss the benefits of this architectural approach, contrast it to existing techniques, and give a variety of examples and extensions of the basic system.

This article describes a standardized packaging format for digital media files. Archiving is accomplished through a hierarchical file structure and rich contextual information, while preservation is realized by enabling portability in the structure and file attributes. Advanced functionality, such as usage governance, is supported by the packaging format.

Practical experience migrating to HDF for a numerical simulation library illustrates the storage system's benefits as well as how numerical simulation codes contribute to an open system. In this article describe the hierarchical data format the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data storage for the CFD General Notation Standard (CGNS).

The complex supply chain relations of the construction industry, coupled with the substantial amount of information to be shared on a regular basis between the parties involved, make the traditional paper-based data interchange methods inefficient, error prone and expensive. The successful information technology (IT) applications that enable seamless data interchange, such as the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) systems, have generally failed to be successfully implemented in the construction industry. An alternative emerging technology, Extensible Markup Language (XML), and its applicability to streamline business processes and to improve data interchange methods within the construction industry are analysed, as is the EDI technology to identify the strategic advantages that XML technology provides to overcome the barriers to implementation. In addition, the successful implementation of XML-based automated data interchange platforms for a large organization, and the proposed benefits thereof, are presented as a case study.

With recent advancements in techniques for cellular data acquisition, information on cellular processes has been increasing at a dramatic rate. Visualization is critical to analyzing and interpreting complex information; representing cellular processes or pathways is no exception. VISIBIOweb is a free, open-source, web-based pathway visualization and layout service for pathway models in BioPAX format. With VISIBIOweb, one can obtain well-laid-out views of pathway models using the standard notation of the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN), and can embed such views within onés web pages as desired. Pathway views may be navigated using zoom and scroll tools; pathway object properties, including any external database references available in the data, may be inspected interactively. The automatic layout component of VISIBIOweb may also be accessed programmatically from other tools using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The web site is free and open to all users and there is no login requirement. It is available at: http://visibioweb.patika.org. © The Author(s) 2010. Published by Oxford University Press.

The benefits of integrating and coordinating supply chain partners have been well recognized in many industries. In the construction industry, supply chain integration is technically challenging due to the high fragmentation of the industry. Information, applications, and services are loosely distributed among participants with a wide range of hardware and software capabilities. In addition, participants are often unwilling to share information because the temporary nature of construction projects often impedes the establishment of trust. A secure, modular, and flexible system that can aggregate scattered information and share that information across applications is, therefore, highly desirable. We have prototyped a service oriented, web-based system that can provide both these capabilities. Called the SC Collaborator, this system facilitates the flexible coordination of construction supply chains by leveraging web services, web portal, and open source technologies. These technologies enable the SC Collaborator system to provide an economical and customizable tool for integrating supply chain partners with a wide range of computing capabilities. This paper describes the overall architecture and the features of the system. Two example scenarios are included to demonstrate the potential of SC Collaborator in integrating and managing information from project partners. The first scenario is an e-Procurement example whereas the second is a rescheduling scenario based on the data from a completed project in Sweden. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Supply-chain applications exchange numerous electronic business-to-business (B2B) messages of varied types. Traditionally, prior to a message exchange, partners adopt one particular message specification that constrains message structure and syntax to implement compatible application message interfaces. However, in open, dynamic supply-chains, the applications need to interact even though their message interfaces are based on different, yet incompatible message specifications. To achieve such interactions, we propose the Message Metamodel-based semantic reconciliation of B2B messages. The Message Metamodel is a novel, ontological form that provides for common representation of B2B message specifications and messages of various syntaxes, such as Extensible Markup Language (XML) or Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). The experimental investigation showed that proposed semantic reconciliation architecture built atop the Message Metamodel (1) insulates the reconciliation activities from the specific message syntaxes, (2) supports the reconciliation of messages irrespective of message standards used, and (3) enables seamless interoperable message exchange between heterogeneous supply-chain applications.

One of the key challenges in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network is to efficiently locate relevant data sources across a large number of participating peers. With the increasing popularity of the extensible markup language (XML) as a standard for information interchange on the Internet, XML is commonly used as an underlying data model for P2P applications to deal with the heterogeneity of data and enhance the expressiveness of queries. In this paper, we address the problem of efficiently locating relevant XML documents in a P2P network, where a user poses queries in a language such as XPath. We have developed a new system called psiX that runs on top of an existing distributed hashing framework. Under the psiX system, each XML document is mapped into an algebraic signature that captures the structural summary of the document. An XML query pattern is also mapped into a signature. The query's signature is used to locate relevant document signatures. Our signature scheme supports holistic processing of query patterns without breaking them into multiple path queries and processing them individually. The participating peers in the network collectively maintain a collection of distributed hierarchical indexes for the document signatures. Value indexes are built to handle numeric and textual values in XML documents. These indexes are used to process queries with value predicates. Our experimental study on PlanetLab demonstrates that psiX provides an efficient location service in a P2P network for a wide variety of XML documents.

With the wide spread of Web services, there is a growing interest in semantic Web services based on ontologies, which support the automated discovery, selection, and composition of Web services. OWL-S is a de facto standard ontology for describing the semantics of Web services. Due to the complexity of the OWL-S grammar, it is difficult to construct OWL-S descriptions manually. This paper presents an efficient model-driven approach to generate OWL-S ontologies from Unified Modeling Language (UML) models, which are widely used for software design and development. The proposed method is based on UML profiles to represent the characteristics of OWL-S. Specifically, a domain ontology is transformed into a class diagram, and UML diagrams are extended to represent the behavior of business processes. Finally, an XML metadata interchange (XMI) file extracted from UML diagrams is transformed into an OWL-S representation via an extensible stylesheet language transformation (XSLT) script. Experimental results with a large number of UML diagrams show that the proposed method handles effectively the control flow of complex processes.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the efficacy of using the Inferno operating system to set up a simple data grid.Design/methodology/approachThe paper demonstrates the set up and concepts of a simple data grid using the Inferno operating system.FindingsThe research finds that a secure but simple data grid can be set up to access documents wherever they may be.Practical implicationsThe data grid makes it very simple to move files from machines as if the user was using one virtual machine.Originality/valueThere is no need to use complex systems to set up a data grid, it can be done easily without much overhead.

The EPC Network is a global RFID data sharing infrastructure based on standards that are built around the Electronic Product Code (EPC), an unambiguous numbering scheme for the designation of physical goods. The authors present the fundamental concepts and applications of the EPC Network, its integration with enterprise systems, and its functionality for data exchange between organizations in the supply chain.

Querying its own history is an important mechanism in the computations, especially those interacting with people or other computations such as transaction processing, electronic data interchange. John McCarthy in his Elephant programming language proposal suggested exploiting the referring to the past as the main programming primitive. In this paper we study the computational power of such primitive. In order to do that we propose a refined formal model, History Dependent Machine (HDM), which uses querying the history as its sole computational primitive. Our main result may be spelled in general terms as: a model with a single agent wandering around a pool of resources and having ability to check its own history for simple temporal properties has a universal computational power. Moreover, HDM can simulate any multicounter machine in real time. Then we show that the computations of HDM may be specified in the extension of propositional linear temporal logic by flexible constants, the abstraction operator and equality. We use then universality of HDM model to show that the above extension with a single flexible constant is not recursively axiomatizable.

The paper presented the reference architecture of Infrastructure for Electronic Data Interchange. IEDI is the multi-layered distributed intelligent software system comprising software servers, services, components and tools providing intelligent ontology-driven information retrieval from distributed, heterogeneous, legally and physically autonomous Informational Resources (Irs) for the organizational network of the Ukrainian National Higher Education System.