Search

Blind people can access visual information by touching tactile graphics. Tactile graphics is a diagram expressed by raised points and irregularities. But, tactile graphics have problems. The sentences in the tactile graphic are often omitted and description of tactile graphic are showed separate sheet. So, blind people have to touch both of the tactile graphics and the separated braille sheet. Therefore, a systems that loads audio guidance function in tactile graphics is being developed or studied. However, because of the limitations of the existing audio-tactile graphics, few of blind people use the audio-tactile graphics. So, we developed audio-tactile graphic system which is easy to use for blind people. In addition, we conducted experiments using three types of tactile graphics to determine whether audio guidance is effective for understanding tactile graphic. As a result, the audio guidance was effective in understanding the tactile graphics, but it turned out that improvement of the system is necessary. This paper shows the prototype system for audio-tactile graphics, and describes the experimental results for the effectiveness of our system in detail.

One of the common usages of a captured human body motion in automotive application is creating swept volumes of the body surfaces based on the trajectories of its motion. Recent development of depth sensors enables fast and natural motion capture without attaching markers on subjects’ bodies. Microsoft Kinect is one of widely used depth sensors. It can track a whole body motion and output a skeleton model. A new method is developed to create the swept volumes from the motion captured by Kinect using an open source graphic system. The skeleton motion is recorded in a file format that is flexible to retain the skeleton’s structure and acceptable to various graphic systems. The motion is then bound with a surface manikin model in the graphic system, where the swept volumes are generated. This method is more flexible and portable than utilizing a commercial digital manikin, and potentially provides more accurate result.

An Interactive Graphic System for three-dimensional (3D) gravity modeling is presented. The system uses a highly flexible algorithm for the calculation of theoretical anomalies, which permits accurate 3D simulation of most types of geological bodies, and the simultaneous introduction of several bodies. This ability to combine several objects, together with features such as topographic relief, faults, and erosional process, adds a higher degree of realism to the model.

The paper describes a general and extensive graphic system in two or three dimensions, built in APL2 by means of the object-oriented programming paradigm. The system fully demonstrates the appropriateness of the language to develop real-life applications using the most advanced techniques of computer science.

Three-dimensional unsteady numerical flow field is visualized by using MPGS which is the multipurpose graphic system developed by CRAY research Ltd. The flow field computed by large eddy simulation (LES) is the turbulent flow over a backward facing step, The Reynolds number based on step height and main flow is 46000. Unsteady behavior of the large eddy on the computed flow field is clearly confirmed by making visual animation. Multipurpose graphic system, by which visual animation is easily produced, is available to estimate the computational unsteady flow fields.

The output part of a graphics system functionally identical to QuickDraw, the basic graphics package of Macintosh, is described in OBJ2. The construction process and the resultant description raise some pragmatic issues in using OBJ2 as a specification language, such as the criteria for selecting a particular construction from among several alternatives. An example of checking specifications in a systematic way is also shown.

APL syntax provides a very simple and expressive way to generate and manipulate simple 3D parametric objects. APL2 nested arrays provide powerful data structures for a compact, readable and executable description of 3D layout scenes.The paper describes a user-friendly interactive graphic system for 3D layout manipulation. The user can define and modify a layout scene by graphical interaction on a 3D perspective projection. User's commands enable change of parameters, 3D transformations and friendly operations that involve position relationship between objects. Commands are translated into “messages” to graphic objects, and the result of the operations is immediately reflected in a modification of the “scene data structure”.The system includes the capability to select objects from a catalogue, to build compound objects and to edit sub-objects. The scene data structure is well suited for interface to external graphics rendering programs. Data structure can be extended to include non-geometrical information. Moreover it is possible to apply complex numerical algorithms to geometrical and numerical data.A heuristic algorithm for Satellite Systems Layout Optimization is presented as an example.

When we look at the following picture, a schematic illustration of the front panel of a car radio, we intuitively understand that it is made up of parts: the radio has two switchboards, each switchboard consists of four buttons, a button consists of a square and a circle.

In this chapter we will be looking at the graphics standard GKS through the object-oriented lens. Several differences between a traditional graphics kernel system as GKS and an object-oriented graphics system will be described. Simultaneously, we will introduce the goals of standardizing a graphics system. Some of the examples encompass an object-oriented modification of GKS, to aid in pointing out the differences between the traditional and object-oriented approaches. By no means do we propose a modified GKS as the graphics system of the future. It should be noted that much of what is said on the next few pages also applies to the standard PHIGS. But PHIGS will be analyzed in more detail in other chapters of the book.

Two documents have achieved the status of full International Standards for Graphics — GKS (Graphical Kernel System) and CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile). GKS is a procedural definition of the user interface to a graphic system; CGM is the specification for a graphics file format. This paper describes the salient features of GKS and CGM and sets them in historical context and in relationship to the other standards being developed. It describes and explains the functions and features of the two standards.

This article describes a laboratory computer system that uses a PDP-11/10 CPU and a graphics processor to simulate a multifield tachistoscope and to run a great number of psychological experiments. The potential of the hardware is discussed, and two useful programs are presented.

This paper describes an interactive graphic system for the entry and handling of graphic data relating to engineering drawings. The approach to the solution of the problem was to find out if it were possible to create an easy to use, readily accessible, low cost tool suitable to supply graphic data to the computer for the purpose of generating a new engineering drawing as well as modifying a pre-existing one. The proposed system supports a direct man-machine dialogue and a Tektronix display unit connected to an HP 2100A by means of strictly graphic operations and is guided by appropriate software controlled lights.

The application of automatic cartography to engineering mapping functions is technically and economically possible today because of the recent development of compact, small, interactive computer graphic systems. This paper presents a brief description of the history of automatic cartography, and the description, general configuration, general use, and advantages of the available interactive computer graphic systems. Finally, the paper takes a look at the future trends of automatic cartography as applied to engineering mapping functions and their effective use on a total interactive graphic system for engineering design.

A low cost computer animation method, developed using microcomputer graphic system and video recorder, was applied to the kinematic study of the wave functions of the Li-H 2 system in their potential crossing region.

This paper presents an interactive, graphic system to self-learn the theory and practice of the study of the real functions of one real variable. This software, realized on an Italian microcomputer (IBM-PC compatible Olivetti M24), is already available to some schools.

GRAF is a software package developed to visualize real functions of the form y = f (x) of x = x (t) , y = y (t) . It also allows the study of rotations, translations, enlargements, compositions of functions and so on. The user is given uniform and easy interaction possibilities with the package. GRAF is written in the BASIC language and run on a Tektronix 4051 graphic desktop computer. This package has been developed for didactical application, particularly in high schools. It has been tested with students in many mathematic courses.

Computer controlled mass spectrometer system, processing spectral information data for on-line graphic system output

Design of an interactive graphic display system that allows users to assign index values to energy bands of model polymers is described.Its main purpose is to facilitate the indexing process.

A method is described for providing an on-line bar graph display of physiological data. A conventional servo recorder is coupled with an 8-bit digital-to-analog converter, and provides a low-cost, hard-copy graphic display peripheral that can be added to any laboratory type minicomputer system with buffered output data lines. The graphic display technique requires minimal memory allocations and a simple software algorithm to provide a flexible graphic system that can accommodate various types of biological data.

The emergence of conflicting and competing standards is causing confusion for users and vendors alike. The Graphics Kernel System GKS may be an approved standard, but it is not perfect. Proposals for enhanced standards would need to include additional primitives and attributes to support the modern engineering workstations, which can have sophisticated image processing and advanced 3D capabilities. Though it will take some years to define, PHIGS+ may be the way of the future.

This work illustrates an interactive graphic system for technical drafting based on two dimensional primitives, with special attention to the ways of interaction derived from the study of the usual drafting procedures.

This chapter presents methods for producing (“rendering” in computer graphics technology) displays and plots of anatomic structures that have already been entered into the computer. The goal is to generate views of the structure as they would have appeared naturally, before any tissue sectioning or other histological manipulations are performed. Since most of the structures are microscopic and a microscope imposes viewing constraints on its user, a display must actually present a view that is better than you could see if you looked into the microscope yourself.

As shown in Figure 1, there are two major functional components to every graphics application: construct objects by extracting information from the data base. convert the object specifications into image specifications.

This paper describes a graphic interactive mesh generator (GAME) for two-dimensional structural analysis based on finite element method. After a brief survey of three of the most interesting systems commercially available at the present, the general concepts of GAME design are discussed expecially as far as important aspects like user interface, geometric modeling and mesh generation and editing are concerned. Some realisation features dealing with the above mentioned aspects are given, outling the original approach of this work. Future possible GAME developments are also illustrated.

A major feature of the Brunel Symposium was an exhibition of on-line equipment operating either from a local computer or over telephone lines to a remote backup processor. Manufacturers also presented lecture-demonstrations on applications of their systems, and participants were able to see and operate the graphic equipment.

The TX-2 computer, an experimental machine at the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory, has been in operation for almost 10 years as an on-line, graphically oriented facility. In 1964, a time-sharing system for the TX-2 was started. This system, APEX, was to service a small number of consoles with graphic display capability. To achieve hardware economy, displays were to be refreshed from main core memory through a time-shared vector generator providing analog signals distributed to the individual console scopes. The displays were to be refreshed directly from a structured display file as experience with the Sketchpad developments of the early 1960's had indicated was highly desirable for interactive graphic applications. Although the APEX graphic system has evolved through several generations of display hardware and corresponding software changes, the initial design principles of displays refreshed from structured information in main core by a time-shared generator have remained. This paper is an attempt to collect and evaluate some lessons learned from our experience in developing and using this system.

The paper describes a general and extensive graphic system in two or three dimensions, built in APL2 by means of the object-oriented programming paradigm. The system fully demonstrates the appropriateness of the language to develop real-life applications using the most advanced techniques of computer science.