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Recent progress in wireless charging technologies has greatly promoted the development of rechargeable wireless sensor networks (RWSN). The network lifetime of RWSN can be commonly extended through routing strategy and wireless charging technology. However, the node accepts the relay request of its neighbor unconditionally, and it cannot remove its overload on its own in a timely manner in traditional routing strategies. The energy balancing efficiency of the network may be limited by this passive mechanism, which poses a great challenge to obtaining optimal joint efficiency of routing and charging strategies. In this paper, we propose an autonomous load regulation mechanism-based energy balanced routing algorithm (ALRMR) for RWSN. In addition to an efficient framework of joint wireless energy transfer and multi-hop routing where the routing strategy is adapted to the charging scheme, an innovative load regulation mechanism is proposed. Under this mechanism, each node can actively adjust its own load by controlling its relay radius. The simulation demonstrates the advantages of our algorithm for energy balance efficiency and improving the network lifetime through the charging scheme and the innovative mechanism.

The network lifetime of wireless rechargeable sensor network (WRSN) is commonly extended through routing strategy or wireless charging technology. In this paper, we propose an optimization algorithm from the aspects of both charging and routing process. To balance the network energy in charging part, node&rsquo, s charging efficiency is balanced by dynamically planning charging point positions and the charging time is allocated according to the energy consumption rate of nodes. Moreover, the routing method is adapted to the node&rsquo, s charging efficiency. The adaptive routing strategy assigns more forwarding tasks to nodes that can get more energy during the charging phase, and makes the data packets transmit farther away, thus reducing the average hops and energy consumption of the network. Finally, the simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm has certain advantages in prolonging the network lifetime, reducing the average hop counts and balancing the energy of each node.

The new generation intelligent park is demanded for the flexible utilization mode of distributed renewable energy, energy storage equipment and the various characteristic load access. However, the energy router is correspondingly responsible for energy routing and dynamic control. Its uniform interface supports the plug and play of distributed power, energy storage and load of the intelligent park. In our paper, the new energy network architecture are firstly presented. Then, the function structure and the bidirectional flow control strategy of these energy routers are designed to satisfy the energy routing demands. The bidirectional flow control among users and a variety of distributed power, energy storage equipment is achieved by implementing our energy exchange scheme of the energy routing interface design. Meanwhile, we put the energy router interface design into the practical operation in local energy internet, construct the application system based on the energy internet technology with Cell in intelligent park, and ultimately make the collaborative operation and green resource sharing in intelligent system.

With the analysis of the actual structure property of data network in power grid, a network model based on a layered structure named DWS is introduced in this paper. In this DWS layered network featured with the tree structure, aiming to meet the requirements of network operation reliability, we combine the relative access distance with node degree for the nodes for lower levels to add redundant connections correspondingly. In order to evaluate the network invulnerability under the change of weight factor for relative access distance, the load redistribution and the impact of different node capacity redundancy are also considered to illustrate the typical cascading failure process. To note that, the scale in the remaining effective connected components after the deliberate attack is the major measurement of structural invulnerability. In the simulation, it has been illustrated that, with the improvement in the weight of relative access distance and in the capacity redundancy, the cascading failure impact on the layered network structure in the condition of heavy load is decreased obviously, which shows the better structural invulnerability and ensures the applicability of the data network model which we proposed.

With the large-scale deployment of optical network equipments, the problems of separated domains management and the multi-domain-based survivability have become the primary challenge in new generation intelligent optical networks. Aimed at resisting multi-link failures in multi-domain optical networks (MDON), a heuristic multi-link fault-tolerant (MLFT) algorithm for survivability in MDON is proposed in this article, which applied Hamiltonian cycle protection and segment-shared protection to establish a novel survivability strategy for either intra-domain's or inter-domain's multiple links, respectively. Furthermore, a new virtual-link mapping scheme and link-cost formulas are presented to encourage the appropriate routing selection and load balancing, which can also contributed to better resource utilization ratio and blocking ratio. Simulation results show that MLFT realizes the multi-link fault-tolerant survivability at a lower cost with better performances in redundancy ratio, blocking ratio, and computation complexity.

Address dynamic configuration in the IP-based network is often accomplished by the dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP), however, the mobility of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) nodes always involve unpredictable topology changes. Previous works on IP address in ad hoc network assumes that all the address is configured statically by the centralized administration. However, as with the rapid development of wireless network, there are not enough IP addresses available to identify each individual user. DHCP can not be utilized in a mobile ad hoc network due to the lack of any centralized DHCP server in distributed dynamic environment. There are also two typical enhanced solutions for dynamic host configurations, i.e., MANETConf and Quorum approaches. Consider the information of geographical position that from a GPS, we proposed a simplified configuration protocol to reduce controlling overhead and the associate traffic loss during handover period. Extensive environments are implemented comparing the performance of the three approaches. The results shown that the GPS based configuration is more efficient than the traditional methods.

T-MPLS is a connection-oriented packet switched solution for the next generation transport networks. The concept was first proposed by ITU-T in Geneva, Feb 2006. The standardization process is pushed by ITU-T and IETF, many recommendations appeared recently. T-MPLS is much easier to achieve a convergent packet platform for any L2 protocol. It focuses on the packet transport applications that adhere to the standard groups. The OAM, protection and switch function and network management aspects are nearly finished by now but the control plane standardizations have not obtain a common senses about how this technologies evolve in future. In this paper, we compared the automatic discovery requirement in T-MPLS with other discovery techniques used in other network, such as in IP, RPR, Ethernet, ASON, etc. The detail mechanism and protocol in other network are described respectively. As for the intelligent networks, the discovery procedure is done by the control plane due to its responsibilities. Maybe we can use the discovery tools such as SNMP, ARP, ICMP, OSPF, the coordination between the control plane and the discovery process is necessary. Simulation model is also designed in OPNET modular 11.5 to compare these approaches.

In order to identify the location of key nodes and further develop protection strategies in optical mesh networks, a novel strategy of network node importance evaluation based on Triangle Module is proposed. This scheme abstracts the optical mesh networks into a weighted network model, and synthetically considers the impact of the characteristics of the transmission and the grid structure on node importance. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy can overcome the limitations of single evaluation indicator and differentiate the importance of network nodes precisely.

Considering Share Risk Link Group (SRLG) constraints , a algorithm called SRLG with Conditional Failure probability (SCFP) is proposed in order to provide differentiated services in WDM mesh network. SCFP can differentiate the requirement on service reliability based on analysis of Conditional Failure Probability (CFP). In this algorithm, the concept of CFP is provided from reliability probability that user requires. Then a pair of routes satisfying CFP is computed, and also the routing trap is solved. Simulation results show that SCFP effectively reduces the Blocking probability and keeps in a high resource utilization rate.

Under the condition of a single link failure, a routing algorithm with differentiated reliability requirements based on hierarchy model (DRRH) is proposed by analyzing the optimal routing mechanism which satisfies the reliability requirements. Simulation results and analysis show that the DRRH algorithm is able to solve the routing problem based on the reliability constraint and has a lower average cost than the SPPA algorithm. It means that the DRRH algorithm can meet the reliability requirements of routing connections with fewer resources and improve the network resources efficiency utilization as a restore routing scheme in complex mesh optical network.

A distributed data transport service implementing strategy is proposed to support grid network service with dynamic optical resource provisioning. The distributed data transport provides grid user with dynamic lightpaths. The test bed circling the resource managing and scheduling mechanism is built on the base of Globus Tookit 4. Optical grid middleware is developed to achieve grid network service, combining GridFTP and GMPLS network control, supporting network resource discovering, management and reservation. Also, the big-bulk data transport application spreads on the test bed with parallel lightpaths with the distributed and parallel transporting for the different data slices.

An application-driven network resource scheduling scheme that support parallel lightpaths is presented to solve the optical network resource dynamic allocation for real-time media service. The resource scheduling scheme combines grid network service and optical intelligent control plane to implement lightpath connection driven by grid application, even parallel channels for media stream. Optical resource on-demand parallel scheduling approach is verified on the test bed which can dynamically establish parallel light paths by borrowing gridFTP to transport real-time media file. Flexible resource scheduling method provides grid user the network resource awareness ability to allocate the bandwidth on demand for grid applications.

Users and applications need to own greater ability to control network resources for satisfying their requirements and new service pattern. Optical grid nodes include resource, control and switching functional. Optical grid testbed is built to verify node structure and five character of optical grid on ASON network, which involve application-driven, grid service and optical resource uniting, parallel lightpath scheduling, wide resource sharing and multi-granularity bandwidth service. An optical grid node function framework and physical implement scheme is proposed based on distributed network architecture orienting on-demand resource service. Considering the proposed optical grid scheme, corresponding control mechanism is given to satisfy the resource requirement for grid applications and realize distributed resource scheduling on demand.

On-demand reservation strategy is proposed for optical network resource scheduling. The proposed approach introduces time window reservation on grid integrated with wavelength-routed optical network, according to the application request with anticipant time range and rate. The time window deploys variable size, when time-window is not suitable for current application requirement, the resource scheduler can negotiate the next time window allocation with the switch. Time-window resource reservation approach loans dividing time multiplexing mechanism. Considering with multiple parallel lightpaths' monopolization, the proposed reservation approach improves network resource request service rate and makes the application having the QoS-aware ability.

The routing technology is one of the key technologies in Automatic Switched Optical Networks (ASON). In this paper, we proposed a hierarchical approach for the dynamic establishment of constraint-based ligbtpaths in an ASON network. The algorithm performs multi-constraint path calculation on a transformed graph of interconnected border routers to find a feasible route based on the global state information present in each border router. We presented simulation results that have shown that the suggested scheme is capable of satisfying the requested with acceptable blocking probability at different traffic loads.

A Grid is a very large-scale network computing system that can potentially scale to Internet size, and the network computing system can be viewed as a virtual computer consisting of a networked set of heterogeneous machines that agrees to share their local resources with each other. In this paper, we proposed a contention resolution scheme for supporting Grid services in the OBS network. The numerical simulation was performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.

Recently wireless mesh network has been gaining increasing attention and early versions are being deployed as municipal access solutions to eliminate the wired drop to every wireless router at customer premise. In this paper, we propose a novel access network using reconfigurable optical burst switching grid network and wireless mesh network. The proposed access network architecture saves network deployment cost because fiber need not penetrate to each end user. We also propose a hierarchical routing protocol to enhance the routing efficiency.

Manage and control mechanism orienting grids on distributed optical network is proposed to provide network resource sharing and management for widely distributed resources. WS-based distributing GMPLS network integrating with grid resource co-allocated is specified as a network resource control approach. Grid service architecture mechanism is introduced into distributed optical network to provide sharing network resource and a distributed managing method for widely sharing resource platform. Combining with Web service, as an entity representing distributed optical network, optical grid will be a good solving on distributed heterogeneous network resource problems. Distributing GMPLS network control combining with grid resource co-allocated is proposed to illustrate the control and management in distributed optical network. A test-bed implementing optical grid is built to show the allocation in unison between optical network and application resources on distributed heterogeneous resource architecture.

Optical network provides cheaper bandwidth to grid services. When considering using lightpath to connect grid distributed resources, to provide flexible and dynamic lightpath scheduling, optical grid is constructed to solve the communication resource allocating problems for parallel and distributed applications. We present an optical resource scheduling scheme orienting parallel lightpath based on division load theory, to allocate resource on the requirement of large amount data transmission in parallel and distributed applications. Optical network resources are optimally utilized to obtain dynamic multi-granularity bandwidth in optical grid via wavelength-routed network. We also illustrate functional architecture for optical grid whose resources are connected via multi-wavelength routed paths and supports parallel and distributed services.

Optical grid provides scheduled optical network resource to grid application. For supporting intensive data in optical grid, LPoD service architecture is presented to implement multiple light paths scheduling on demand under the driven of applications. In the proposed architecture, we introduce load division for intensive data or huge size file to cut bulk data into fractions, which will be transferred by different light paths only if the original sending node owns multiple communication interfaces or using multi-wavelength paths. About the type of the applications that runs on optical grid with LPoD on load division, we illustrate the parallel and distributed computing, and compare the total expensing time under different processing ability and transmitting distances. The result shows that for remote collaborating job in optical grid, LPoD as communication resource providing method can satisfy grid demand. When there are many available nodes, selecting the nodes with nearer distance and strong processing will obtain good transmitting quality from executing time.

A resource scheduling parallel scheme using JET is proposed. The scheme analyses the offset time to guarantee transmitting QoS. Referring to resource attributes, it dynamically allocates optical resource to grid users, offering parallel multi-granularity paths.

In this paper we present a resource scheduling mechanism for providing dynamic lightpaths to photonic grid network and point out that grid enabled by optical network has huge potential effect on pushing the next optical network applications. Furthermore we investigate photonic grid architecture and control plane based on peer-to-peer is also provided to control optical network communication resources dynamically. We also certificate the idea of extending BGP towards optical network, which is called Optical Border Gateway Protocol used to provide IP-based protocols to control optical network, and gives a dynamic lightpath scheduling approach over multi-wavelength optical network as a new grid service based on OBGP.

With the prevalence and development of IP applications based on Internet, traditional Internet Infrastructure can not address the demand of many high bandwidth and data-incentive applications. Grid technology is introduced to meet the demand of such applications, but bandwidth and transmission speed is still a serious problem. With the big growth in optical network technology, the trend becomes evident to integrate the grid technology and that of optical network, which results in the research of next generation infrastructure for optical network: Photonic Grid. This article presents the key techniques and emphases of research in the new infrastructure and mainly talks about the infrastructure, the way of switching and routing, the scheme of control and management and middle ware. In the end, we give some appropriate advice in future research orientation of theory and techniques for Photonic Grid.