2,911,956 results
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2. Design Automation of Paper Microfluidic Devices
- Author
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Potter, Joshua
- Subjects
Computer science ,Bioengineering ,Design automation ,microfluidics ,paper - Abstract
The emerging demands for healthcare where access is limited due to political, environmental, or socio-economic factors have been driving research into bio-medical devices that perform in both diagnostic and therapeutic roles at lower costs and greater accessibility. Paper microfluidic devices are used in many applications, particularly medical diagnostics and offer an excellent combination of utility and low cost making them particularly valuable in resource-limited applications and point-of-care usage across a wide variety environmental conditions. Microfluidic biological diagnostics continue to mature as researchers discover new ways to exploit the technological possibilities, and address liabilities. The increasing complexity of paper-based microfluidic devices beyond home pregnancy tests is driving the need to produce new tools and methodologies that enable more robust biological diagnostics and potential therapeutic applications. However, the process of developing new paper microfluidic devices is limited due to having to manually design and fabricate designs to research. Often, researchers must design scores of different devices to find a combination of parameters that functions as expected. In this work, a novel software framework to support automated development of paper-based microfluidic devices is introduced to facilitate both research and fabrication to accelerate the investigative process and reduce material utilization and manpower. Unlike to existing lab-on-a-chip technologies, paper-based microfluidics differs in terms of substrate technologies and use a passive flow method to deliver fluids and reagents for assays. While numerous analogies between microfluidics and semiconductor technologies have been espoused, the physical differences between the fluid dynamics and electrical current are significant which suggests that current trends in physical design for microfluidics must change course in order to be of practical use to designers. Within this framework, a methodology is introduced to address design automation such as dynamically placing and routing microfluidic components in a non-discrete design space while avoiding invalid design layouts, accounting for fluid volume usage, surface area utilization, and the timing required to perform specified biological assays and also optimizing device parameters, enabling researchers to focus on the science and thereby accelerating the development of new, low-resource paper microfluidic devices for a developing world.
- Published
- 2022
3. An analysis of retracted papers in Computer Science.
- Author
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Shepperd, Martin and Yousefi, Leila
- Subjects
COMPUTER science ,DATABASES ,RETRACTORS (Surgery) ,SECONDARY analysis ,SCIENTIFIC community - Abstract
Context: The retraction of research papers, for whatever reason, is a growing phenomenon. However, although retracted paper information is publicly available via publishers, it is somewhat distributed and inconsistent. Objective: The aim is to assess: (i) the extent and nature of retracted research in Computer Science (CS) (ii) the post-retraction citation behaviour of retracted works and (iii) the potential impact upon systematic reviews and mapping studies. Method: We analyse the Retraction Watch database and take citation information from the Web of Science and Google scholar. Results: We find that of the 33,955 entries in the Retraction watch database (16 May 2022), 2,816 are classified as CS, i.e., ≈ 8%. For CS, 56% of retracted papers provide little or no information as to the reasons. This contrasts with 26% for other disciplines. There is also some disparity between different publishers, a tendency for multiple versions of a retracted paper to be available beyond the Version of Record (VoR), and for new citations long after a paper is officially retracted (median = 3; maximum = 18). Systematic reviews are also impacted with ≈ 30% of the retracted papers having one or more citations from a review. Conclusions: Unfortunately, retraction seems to be a sufficiently common outcome for a scientific paper that we as a research community need to take it more seriously, e.g., standardising procedures and taxonomies across publishers and the provision of appropriate research tools. Finally, we recommend particular caution when undertaking secondary analyses and meta-analyses which are at risk of becoming contaminated by these problem primary studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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4. Differences between journal and conference in computer science: a bibliometric view based on Bayesian network.
- Author
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Sun, Mingyue, Yue, Mingliang, and Ma, Tingcan
- Subjects
BAYESIAN analysis ,COMPUTER science conferences ,COMPUTER science ,CONFERENCE papers ,ACADEMIC conferences ,BIBLIOMETRICS - Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the differences between conference papers and journal papers in the field of computer science based on Bayesian network. This paper investigated the differences between conference papers and journal papers in the field of computer science based on Bayesian network, a knowledge-representative framework that can model relationships among all variables in the network. We defined the variables required for Bayesian networks modeling, calculated the values of each variable based Aminer dataset (a literature data set in the field of computer science), learned the Bayesian network and derived some findings based on network inference. The study found that conferences are more attractive to senior scholars, the academic impact of conference papers is slightly higher than journal papers, and it is uncertain whether conference papers are more innovative than journal papers. The study was limited to the field of computer science and employed Aminer dataset as the sample. Further studies involving more diverse datasets and different fields could provide a more complete picture of the matter. By demonstrating that Bayesian networks can effectively analyze issues in Scientometrics, the study offers valuable insights that may enhance researchers' understanding of the differences between journal and conference in computer science. Academic conferences play a crucial role in facilitating scholarly exchange and knowledge dissemination within the field of computer science. Several studies have been conducted to examine the distinctions between conference papers and journal papers in terms of various factors, such as authors, citations, h-index and others. Those studies were carried out from different (independent) perspectives, lacking a systematic examination of the connections and interactions between multiple perspectives. This paper supplements this deficiency based on Bayesian network modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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5. Paper-Based Robotics with Stackable Pneumatic Actuators
- Author
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Smit Shukla, Tongfen Liang, Aaron D. Mazzeo, Michael Yang, Cora LoPresti, Meriem Akin, Xiyue Zou, Salman Hoque, Brian T. Weil, and Emily Gruber
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Pneumatic actuator ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Biophysics ,Soft robotics ,Control engineering ,Robotics ,Equipment Design ,Paper based ,Robotic systems ,Hardware_GENERAL ,Artificial Intelligence ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Elastic Modulus ,Humans ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Actuator - Abstract
This work presents a unique approach to the design, fabrication, and characterization of paper-based origami robotic systems consisting of stackable pneumatic actuators. These paper-based actuators (PBAs) use materials with high elastic modulus-to-mass ratios, accordion-like structures, and direct coupling with pneumatic pressure for extension and bending. The study contributes to the scientific and engineering understanding of foldable components under applied pneumatic pressure by constructing stretchable and flexible structures with intrinsically nonstretchable materials. Experiments showed that a PBA possesses a power-to-mass ratio greater than 80 W/kg, which is more than four times that of human muscle. This work also illustrates the stackability and functionality of PBAs by two prototypes: a parallel manipulator and a legged locomotor. The manipulator consisting of an array of PBAs can bend in a specific direction with the corresponding actuator inflated. In addition, the stacked actuators in the manipulator can rotate in opposite directions to compensate for relative rotation at the ends of each actuator to work in parallel and manipulate the platform. The locomotor rotates the PBAs to apply and release contact between the feet and the ground. Furthermore, a numerical model developed in this work predicts the mechanical performance of these inflatable actuators as a function of dimensional specifications and folding patterns. Overall, we use stacked origami actuators to implement functionalities of manipulation, gripping, and locomotion as conventional robotic systems. Future origami robots made of paper-like materials may be suitable for single use in contaminated or unstructured environments or low-cost educational materials.
- Published
- 2022
6. Evaluation of Question papers by Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education using Item Analysis and Blooms Taxonomy.
- Author
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Mahroof, Ameema and Saeed, Muhammad
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CARDBOARD ,SECONDARY education ,BLOOM'S taxonomy ,READING comprehension ,COMPUTER science education - Abstract
This small scale study aims to analyze the question papers of Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education in the subject of computer science with reference to item analysis and Bloom's taxonomy. Data were collected from 100 students of Grade 9
th and 10th from the schools of Lahore city using convenient sampling technique. Data collected on the papers developed by Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education for the year of 2015 and 2016. Item analyses were performed using Conquest software. Findings of the study shows that in the question papers conducted by Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education the majority questions were measuring the student abilities of knowledge and comprehension and only few questions were given to measure the student abilities to analyze, synthesize and evaluate, and this can be very helpful for the policy makers. Result of item analysis shows that many questions were not in the acceptable range of item difficulty and item discrimination. Items in the question papers were either too easy or too difficult. Findings revealed that the papers conducted and administered by Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education were not up to the mark, with reference to Bloom's taxonomy. The researcher recommended to train the assessment committee/panel developing the items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
7. Paper-based microfluidics for food safety and quality analysis
- Author
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Azadeh Nilghaz, Junfei Tian, Seyed Mahdi Mousavi, Rong Cao, Xungai Wang, and Miaosi Li
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Food industry ,Scope (project management) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Paper based ,Food safety ,Biological hazard ,Food Analysis ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Chemical contaminants ,Quality (business) ,business ,Food Science ,Biotechnology ,media_common - Abstract
Background The screening of biological hazards, chemical contaminants and allergens in food products is a major concern of food industry since they can cause serious illnesses and even lead to death. Therefore, there is a significant interest in developing low-cost, robust, and rapid detection methods for food safety and quality analysis. Conventional methods provide accurate analytical characteristics, but require well-equipped laboratories, trained personnel, costly reagents, and complicated sample preparation procedures prior to the detection in order to obtain reliable results. Hence, they are not always ideal for on-site food surveillance. Scope and approach This paper discusses the fundamentals of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) and reviews the recent progress in their usage for screening biological hazards, harmful chemical residues, and allergens in food products to systematically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of this technology. It then covers future trends and useful strategies that could be employed in μPADs design and fabrication procedures to address the critical challenges in equipment-free food analysis. Key findings and conclusions μPADs offer promising avenues to revolutionize food safety and quality analysis with merits of equipment-free sample preparation and detection at low-cost. Despite the advancement in the microfluidic technology, the manufacturing of user-friendly sample-to-answer μPADs still requires intensive research studies to be employed for robust and sensitive food safety and quality analysis.
- Published
- 2021
8. Challenges, Experiments, and Computational Solutions in Peer Review.
- Author
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SHAH, NIHAR B.
- Subjects
SCHOLARLY peer review ,COMPUTER science ,EXPERIMENTS ,PREJUDICES ,STATISTICAL bias - Abstract
The author discusses computational methods utilized in the peer review process. It examines the availability of data in peer review, and experimentation in peer review design. It also discusses author identity bias, overall subjectivity in peer review, and author incentives.
- Published
- 2022
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9. Goal programming model applied to waste paper logistics processes
- Author
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Fernando Augusto Silva Marins, Cristiane Maria Defalque, Aneirson Francisco da Silva, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Presidente Dutra, and Brazil
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Optimization ,Operations research ,Modeling language ,Computer science ,Waste paper recycling ,Applied Mathematics ,Waste paper ,02 engineering and technology ,Reverse logistics ,Solver ,01 natural sciences ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Weighted goal programming ,Modeling and Simulation ,Goal programming ,0103 physical sciences ,Vehicle routing problem ,Revised Multi-Choice Goal Programming ,Production (economics) ,Center (algebra and category theory) ,010301 acoustics - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:31:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-01 Organization and planning of reverse logistics networks make sustainable processes more efficient. Thus, an important sector for connecting the collection and waste paper recycling echelons is the intermediate center. In this study, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model, which is multi-objective, multi-product, multi-level and multi-period, was developed to optimize the waste paper logistics processes of intermediate centers. The formulation includes the following echelons: collection, considering vehicle routing with different capacities; inventory of non-baling materials; baling sorted waste and inventory of bales; selling bales; disposal of non-recyclable waste. The aims of the model include: maximizing the collected waste; minimizing distances; maximizing both the production and sale of bales, and minimizing costs. According to research carried out in the literature, the developed model is a new proposal and to implement it, the Weighted Goal Programming and Revised Multi-Choice Goal Programming approaches were used to deal with multiple objectives and incorporate uncertainty into the quantity of waste available for collection. To analyze the proposed model, computational tests were executed with instances based on real data from a Brazilian company in the sector. For all performed tests, General Algebraic Modeling System 23.6.5 modeling language and CPLEX 12.2.0.2 solver were used for modeling and optimization. The results show that this study presents formulation and technological approaches that represent real situations and provide competitive solutions to the problem. Sáo Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” [Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho] School of Engineering of Guaratinguetá [Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá] Production Department, Av. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Portal das Colinas Agulhas Negras Military Academy [Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras] Rodovia Presidente Dutra, km 306, s/n Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército Avenida Papa Pio XII 350 Jardim Chapadão Campinas - SP Brazil, Avenida Papa Pio XII, 350, Jardim Chapadão, Campinas - SP Sáo Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” [Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho] School of Engineering of Guaratinguetá [Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá] Production Department, Av. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Portal das Colinas
- Published
- 2021
10. Dirty Paper Coding Based on Polar Codes and Probabilistic Shaping
- Author
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Wen Xu, Gerhard Kramer, M. Yusuf Sener, and Ronald Böhnke
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Computer science ,Frame (networking) ,Probabilistic logic ,List decoding ,Precoding ,Amplitude-shift keying ,Computer Science Applications ,Dimension (vector space) ,Modeling and Simulation ,Dirty paper coding ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Algorithm ,Computer Science::Information Theory ,Block (data storage) - Abstract
A precoding technique based on polar codes and probabilistic shaping is introduced for dirty paper coding. Two variants of the precoding use multi-level shaping and sign-bit shaping in one dimension. The decoder uses multi-stage successive-cancellation list decoding with list-passing across the bit levels. The approach achieves approximately the same frame error rates as polar codes with multi-level shaping over standard additive white Gaussian noise channels at a block length of 256 symbols and with different amplitude shift keying (ASK) constellations.
- Published
- 2021
11. Energy efficiency challenges in pulp and paper manufacturing: A tutorial review
- Author
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Martin A. Hubbe
- Subjects
Exergy ,Environmental Engineering ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Pulp (paper) ,Bioengineering ,engineering.material ,Product (business) ,Cellulosic ethanol ,Process integration ,Pinch analysis ,engineering ,Electricity ,Process engineering ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry is highly energy-intensive. In mills that use chemical pulping, roughly half of the higher heating value of the cellulosic material used to manufacture the product typically is incinerated to generate steam and electricity that is needed to run the processes. Additional energy, much of it non-renewable, needs to be purchased. This review considers publications describing steps that pulp and paper facilities can take to operate more efficiently. Savings can be achieved, for instance, by minimizing unnecessary losses in exergy, which can be defined as the energy content relative to a standard ambient condition. Throughout the long series of unit operations comprising the conversion of wood material to sheets of paper, there are large opportunities to more closely approach a hypothetical ideal performance by following established best-practices.
- Published
- 2021
12. Paper-Based Biosensors for COVID-19: A Review of Innovative Tools for Controlling the Pandemic
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Ana P.M. Tavares, Cristina E. A. Sousa, Rodrigo Martins, Maria Teresa Cruz, Ana C. Marques, Elvira Fortunato, Felismina T.C. Moreira, M. Goreti F. Sales, A. Rita Cardoso, Tomás Pinheiro, Ana Matos, and Universidade do Minho
- Subjects
Diagnostic methods ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Computer science ,General Chemical Engineering ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Immunology ,02 engineering and technology ,Viral antigen ,Peptides and proteins ,Diagnostic tools ,01 natural sciences ,Biopolymers ,Pandemic ,Medical diagnosis ,Antigens ,QD1-999 ,Science & Technology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,010401 analytical chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,3. Good health ,Chemistry ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Perspective ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The appearance and quick spread of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease, COVID-19, brought major societal challenges. Importantly, suitable medical diagnosis procedures and smooth clinical management of the disease are an emergent need, which must be anchored on novel diagnostic methods and devices. Novel molecular diagnostic tools relying on nucleic acid amplification testing have emerged globally and are the current gold standard in COVID-19 diagnosis. However, the need for widespread testing methodologies for fast, effective testing in multiple epidemiological scenarios remains a crucial step in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Biosensors have previously shown the potential for cost-effective and accessible diagnostics, finding applications in settings where conventional, laboratorial techniques may not be readily employed. Paper- and cellulose-based biosensors can be particularly relevant in pandemic times, for the renewability, possibility of mass production with sustainable methodologies, and safe environmental disposal. In this review, paper-based devices and platforms targeting SARS-CoV-2 are showcased and discussed, as a means to achieve quick and low-cost PoC diagnosis, including detection methodologies for viral genomic material, viral antigen detection, and serological antibody testing. Devices targeting inflammatory markers relevant for COVID-19 are also discussed, as fast, reliable bedside diagnostic tools for patient treatment and follow-up., The authors acknowledge funding through projects Eco2Covid (POCI-01-02B7-FEDER-068174) and TecniCov (POCI-01-02B7-FEDER-069745), co-funded by FEDER through COMPETE2020 and Lisboa2020. T.P., A.R.C. and A.C.M. acknowledge funding to National Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., FCT, through their PhD grants, references DFA/BD/8606/2020, SFRH/BD/130107/2017 and SFRH/BD/115173/2016, respectively, info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
- Published
- 2021
13. A Review Paper on Video Retrieval in Spatial and Temporal Domain
- Author
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Vivek Kapur, Shubhangini Ugale, and Bharati Sayankar
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Upload ,Information retrieval ,Pixel ,Transmission (telecommunications) ,Computer science ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,General Medicine ,Video retrieval ,Domain (software engineering) - Abstract
In today’s era the content based video retrieval are major challengesdue to large storage, transmission, and downloading of videos. Video is retrieve based on visual content. Most of the researchers worked on low-level pixel content like shape, color and texture. In this paper, we review the content based video retrieval by using high-level features such as the spatio-temporal domain and review on the latest methods adopted by the researcher for video retrieval. The state-of-the-art of this paper mainly focuses on a review of video retrieval, its challenges, parameters consideration, and techniques that are to be incorporated.
- Published
- 2023
14. Decrease in free computer science papers found through Google Scholar
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A. Pedersen, Lee and Arendt, Julie
- Published
- 2014
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15. Multicolorimetric ELISA biosensors on a paper/polymer hybrid analytical device for visual point-of-care detection of infection diseases
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Lei Ma, Yousef Abugalyon, and Xiujun Li
- Subjects
Paper ,Polymers ,Computer science ,Point-of-Care Systems ,Point-of-care detection ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Biosensing Techniques ,02 engineering and technology ,Communicable Diseases ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Multicolorimetric ELISA ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Humans ,Disease biomarker ,Integrated processing ,Paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic device ,Horseradish Peroxidase ,High potential ,Point of care ,Detection limit ,Quantitative biomarker detection ,Infectious disease ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Visual detection ,Embedded system ,Colorimetry ,Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ,Hepatitis C virus core Antigen ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biosensor ,Biomarkers ,Research Paper - Abstract
Graphical abstract Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is widely used for the detection of disease biomarkers. However, it utilizes time-consuming procedures and expensive instruments, making it infeasible for point-of-care (POC) analysis especially in resource-limited settings. In this work, a multicolorimetric ELISA biosensor integrated on a paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic device was developed for rapid visual detection of disease biomarkers at point of care, without using costly equipment. This multicolormetric ELISA platform was built on multiple distinct color variants resulted from the catalytic oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and the etching of gold nanorods (AuNRs). The vivid color changes could be easily distinguished by the naked eye, and their red mean values allowed quantitative biomarker detection, without using any sophisticated instruments. When this multicolorimetric ELISA was integrated on a paper/polymer hybrid analytical device, it not only provided integrated processing and high portability but also enabled fast assays in about 50 min due to the unique advantages of paper/polymer hybrid devices. The limit of detection of 9.1 ng/μL of the hepatitis C virus core antigen, a biomarker for hepatitis C, was achieved using this multicolorimetric ELISA platform. This multicolor ELISA analytical device provides a new versatile, user-friendly, affordable, and portable immunosensing platform with high potential for on-site detections of various viruses, proteins, and biomarkers for low-resource settings such as at home, public venues, rural areas, and developing nations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-021-03359-8.
- Published
- 2021
16. Comparison of Ontario’s roundwood and recycled fibre pulp and paper mills’ performance using data Envelopment analysis
- Author
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Mohamed Dia and Shashi K. Shahi
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Statistics and Probability ,Computer science ,Pulp (paper) ,education ,Bootstrapping (linguistics) ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,stomatognathic diseases ,stomatognathic system ,Data envelopment analysis ,engineering ,Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,Forest industry ,Ontario canada - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry converts roundwood and recycled fibre, collected from wastepaper into printing and writing papers, and other specialty grades of paper. The pulp and paper mills in Ontar...
- Published
- 2021
17. Paper-Based Microfluidic Sensors for Onsite Environmental Detection: A Critical Review
- Author
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Dongli Ji, Chaocan Li, Daohong Zhang, and Yufei Wang
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Paper ,Computer science ,Microfluidics ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Environmental pollution ,02 engineering and technology ,Paper based ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Environmental measurement ,Systems engineering ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
A newly developed research topic, fabricated paper-based microfluidic sensors, was discussed in the field of low-cost environmental detection. Distinguished with the traditional dipstick or lateral-flow setups, these paper-based microfluidic sensors can serve as a tool for onsite quantitative and semi-quantitative measurements, without risks to cause environmental pollution. They have attracted increasing interest since the first easy-fabricated paper-based setup reported by Whitesides group in 2007. Most of the publications utilized paper-based sensors in clinical detection. In recent years, some groups started to use these sensors in environmental measurement, leading to precise, easy operation, low-cost, and eco-friendly methods for onsite detection. In this review, paper-based microfluidic sensors were briefly introduced, followed by literatures review and discussion for future perspectives.
- Published
- 2021
18. Design of tourism package with paper and the detection and recognition of surface defects – taking the paper package of red wine as an example
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Congrui Gao
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Surface (mathematics) ,Wine ,Computer science ,paper ,Science ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,010401 analytical chemistry ,detection ,QA75.5-76.95 ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,surface defects ,Manufacturing engineering ,0104 chemical sciences ,Artificial Intelligence ,tourism package ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Software ,Tourism ,Information Systems - Abstract
In the tourism industry, the sales of local specialties is an important part, and the package design and integrity of the specialties are very important. This paper first introduced the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm that was used for detecting defects on the surface of paper packages. Then, the design of red wind packages was briefly described, and the simulation experiment was carried out on SVM algorithm using red wine packages with different degrees of surface defects. Proper parameters were tested using the k-fold cross-validation method. The results demonstrated that the properties of paper improved the value of packages and the SVM algorithm had better accuracy than artificial recognition in recognizing different degrees of defects on the surface of packages. In conclusion, this paper describes the application of paper in packages and provides an effective method for the defection of defects on the surface of packages. This study provides an effective references to the improvement of package values and the enhancement of package integrity.
- Published
- 2021
19. South African research contributions to Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1973-2022.
- Author
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Naudé, Filistéa and Kroeze, Jan H.
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COMPUTER science ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,RESEARCH personnel ,AUTHORSHIP collaboration ,PERIODICAL articles - Abstract
Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) is a globally recognised publication outlet for the field of Computer Science, including in South Africa. In this study, spanning from 1973 to 2022, we investigated the research participation of South African based authors in LNCS. The publication output and citation impact of these authors were compared to the global Computer Science and LNCS output. The authorship patterns and collaborative behaviour of South African LNCS papers were explored, and a keyword or topic analysis also conducted. Of the total of 518 662 LNCS papers published globally between 1973 and 2022, South African based researchers contributed 1150 papers (0.22%). The LNCS papers from South Africa exhibit a strong collaborative publication culture, with 1043 (91%) co-authored and 107 (9%) singleauthored works. Local LNCS researchers prefer institutional collaboration (43%), followed by international (37%) and national collaboration (11%). Europe emerged as the most significant collaboration partner for LNCS researchers in South Africa. Of the 1150 papers, 836 (73%) had received citations, while 314 (27%) had not. On average, papers published by South African based authors received 6.05 citations, compared to the global LNCS average of 9.49 citations per paper. A keyword analysis revealed that the majority of papers by South African authors focus on artificial intelligence. The results indicate that, although LNCS serves as a reputable dissemination platform for Computer Science research output both globally and locally, South African authors should consider publishing more journal articles to build and improve their researcher profiles. Significance: * The study shows that LNCS is the most frequent publication outlet for Computer Science researchers, globally and in South Africa. * The study offers insight into the publication output, authorship patterns, collaborative behaviour and citation impact of South African based Computer Science researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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20. Using a Paper-Based Analytical Device Designed for Remote Learning Environments to Achieve Simple Quantitative Colorimetry without Micropipettes
- Author
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Takeshi Komatsu, Akihiko Ishida, Hirofumi Tani, Manabu Tokeshi, Ryan Russel A. Gabatino, Masatoshi Maeki, and Harrienica Hofileña
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SIMPLE (military communications protocol) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Sample (material) ,Pipette ,Remote learning ,General Chemistry ,Paper based ,Volume control ,Ascorbic acid ,Colorimetry (chemical method) ,Education ,Process engineering ,business - Abstract
The majority of chemical experiments conducted during educational programs are carried out in laboratories because they require instructors with special skills, in addition to large, expensive instruments. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for chemical experiments that can be carried out anywhere. Herein, we propose a novel type of paper-based analytical device (PAD) for enabling quantitative analysis without the requirement for a micropipette, since the PAD features a large sample loading zone and a waste zone, enabling accurate volume control of a liquid sample. We initially employed a micropipette to evaluate the PAD and demonstrate the quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid (AA) and pH using different loading volumes. Finally, we determined the AA concentrations and pH values of commercially available beverages using disposable plastic droppers, and the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained through conventional methods. This PAD format can therefore be used as a novel educational tool for conducting certain chemical analyses in remote learning environments.
- Published
- 2021
21. Effectiveness of Digital and Paper-Based Identification Keys for Plants with Slovenian Pre-service Teachers
- Author
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Gregor Torkar
- Subjects
Knowledge management ,Computer science ,business.industry ,plants ,pre-service teacher ,usability of identification key ,Paper based ,plant determination ,določevalni ključi ,Education ,Pre service ,Educational research ,Identification (information) ,identification key ,business - Abstract
Teaching about biodiversity and its conservation could be an effective way to teach the importance of different species and human dependence on ecological support systems. This study compares the effectiveness of a digital and a paper-based dichotomous identification key for teaching pre-service teachers about plantspecies diversity. Twenty-four Slovenian teachers in pre-service training used a digital version of the key on tablet computers and twenty-nine used a paper-based version to identify woody species in the garden near their university faculty. Both keys contained the same species, identical photographs and the same sequence of steps to identify the species. The accuracy and time taken to identify the five species were measured. The participants also completed a questionnaire about the usability of the identification key. Overall, both versions of the key were equally good for determining species names. The digital version of the key was found to be more time-effective than the paper version only when multiple identification steps were required to identify species. The results confirm that those who scored better on the identification tasks have a better general opinion about the usability of the key especially students using digital version of the key. Implications for teachers using or creating identification keys are discussed in the conclusion.
- Published
- 2021
22. White paper on high‐throughput process development for integrated continuous biomanufacturing
- Author
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Tiago Castanheira Silva, Mariana N. São Pedro, Marcel Ottens, and Rohan Patil
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Drug Industry ,Emerging technologies ,Computer science ,Process analytical technology ,microfluidics ,Bioengineering ,Context (language use) ,integrated continuous biomanufacturing ,high-throughput process development ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Resource (project management) ,White paper ,010608 biotechnology ,Production (economics) ,Technology, Pharmaceutical ,Biomanufacturing ,Throughput (business) ,Bioprocess Engineering and Supporting Technologies ,modeling ,Congresses as Topic ,Manufacturing engineering ,process analytical technology ,030104 developmental biology ,Perspective ,high‐throughput process development ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Continuous manufacturing is an indicator of a maturing industry, as can be seen by the example of the petrochemical industry. Patent expiry promotes a price competition between manufacturing companies, and more efficient and cheaper processes are needed to achieve lower production costs. Over the last decade, continuous biomanufacturing has had significant breakthroughs, with regulatory agencies encouraging the industry to implement this processing mode. Process development is resource and time consuming and, although it is increasingly becoming less expensive and faster through high‐throughput process development (HTPD) implementation, reliable HTPD technology for integrated and continuous biomanufacturing is still lacking and is considered to be an emerging field. Therefore, this paper aims to illustrate the major gaps in HTPD and to discuss the major needs and possible solutions to achieve an end‐to‐end Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing, as discussed in the context of the 2019 Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing conference. The current HTPD state‐of‐the‐art for several unit operations is discussed, as well as the emerging technologies which will expedite a shift to continuous biomanufacturing., With an ever‐growing interest in shifting to integrated continuous biomanufacturing (ICB), the major gaps and state‐of‐the‐art perceived by academia and industry members in high‐throughput process development (HTPD) technologies for the development and implementation of this type of operation (ICB) are debated in this paper, with a special focus on the HT tools for the different unit operations in a typical biopharmaceutical process. The current needs in ICB and possible solutions to fulfill these needs are also highlighted
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- 2021
23. Recent advances in paper‐based preconcentrators by utilizing ion concentration polarization
- Author
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Yuan Xichen, Ren Li, Shang Peng, Feng Huicheng, Meng Zhiyue, and Yang Yang
- Subjects
Chip fabrication ,Computer science ,Microfluidics ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Ion concentration polarization ,Paper based ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Polarization phenomenon ,High complexity ,0210 nano-technology ,Polarization (electrochemistry) - Abstract
One of the most cited limitations of biochemical detection is its poor sensitivity, owing to the relatively high complexity of micro-samples. Moreover, some samples cannot be easily self-replicated and their abundance cannot be increased through traditional technologies. Therefore, the preconcentration of low-abundance samples is a key requirement for microfluidic biological analysis. In recent years, the ion-concentration polarization phenomenon has aroused widespread interest in the application of microfluidic technology. In addition, paper-based materials are readily available, easy to modify, and exhibit good hydrophilicity. The study of the ion-concentration polarization preconcentration of micro-samples in paper-based microfluidic chips is of considerable significance. In this review, we discuss the development and applications of ion-concentration polarization paper-based preconcentrator in the past 5 years, with emphasis on key progresses in chip fabrication and performance optimization under different conditions. The current needs and development prospects in this field have also been discussed.
- Published
- 2021
24. New approach for selecting a suitable recycling collection program for recovered paper and pulp recyclables using AHP-TOPSIS techniques
- Author
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Omer A. Bafail and Reda M. S. Abdulaal
- Subjects
Solid waste management ,Environmental Engineering ,Computer science ,Pulp (paper) ,Analytic hierarchy process ,TOPSIS ,engineering.material ,Solid Waste ,Multiple-criteria decision analysis ,Pollution ,Manufacturing engineering ,Decision Support Techniques ,Refuse Disposal ,Waste Management ,engineering ,Recycling ,Cities ,Decision analysis - Abstract
In the past decade, the use of multiple-criteria decision analysis technology has dramatically increased in solving complex real-world problems in solid waste management. Likewise, many municipalities have paid attention to finding feasible solutions for disposal and recycling of solid waste due to the increase in waste generation rates worldwide. Therefore, policy-makers must determine which recycling program to be implemented among various recycling program options. In this paper, a new approach to select a recycling program for recovered paper and pulp recyclables was proposed using analytic hierarchy process–Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (AHP-TOPSIS) techniques. A set of essential parameters of the decision-making system were identified, and a numerical case to illustrate the procedure was conducted. Our findings show very encouraging results to use a combined model between AHP and TOPSIS to select a suitable recycling program for different recovered recyclable materials.
- Published
- 2021
25. Strategies for the detection of target analytes using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices
- Author
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Bo Cao, Daxiang Cui, Chujun Zheng, Qinghui Jin, Kan Wang, Wei Zheng, Qi Qin, and Hao Xu
- Subjects
Analyte ,Computer science ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Microfluidics ,Nanotechnology ,Small sample ,02 engineering and technology ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Rapid detection ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Software portability ,Microfluidic channel ,Electrochemiluminescence ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have developed rapidly in recent years, because of their advantages, such as small sample volume, rapid detection rates, low cost, and portability. Due to these characteristics, they can be used for in vitro diagnostics in the laboratory, or in the field, for a variety of applications, including food evaluation, disease screening, environmental monitoring, and drug testing. This review will present various detection methods employed by μPADs and their respective applications for the detection of target analytes. These include colorimetry, electrochemistry, chemiluminescence (CL), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), and fluorescence-based methodologies. At the same time, the choice of labeling material and the design of microfluidic channels are also important for detection results. The construction of novel nanocomponents and different smart structures of paper-based devices have improved the performance of μPADs and we will also highlight some of these in this manuscript. Additionally, some key challenges and future prospects for the use of μPADs are briefly discussed.
- Published
- 2021
26. Design and Construction of Zana Robot for Modeling Human Player in Rock-paper-scissors Game using Multilayer Perceptron, Radial basis Functions and Markov Algorithms
- Author
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Peshawa Jammal Muhammad Ali, Abdolreza Roshani, Maryam Ghasemi, Ehsan Nazemi, Farhad F. Nia, and Gholam Hossein Roshani
- Subjects
Paper ,Technology ,Computer science ,Science ,Markov model ,upgraded Markov model ,Radial basis functions ,Software ,Multilayer perceptron ,Scissors game ,MATLAB ,General Environmental Science ,computer.programming_language ,Graphical user interface ,Computer. Automation ,Artificial neural network ,Markov chain ,business.industry ,Agriculture ,Rock ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Robot ,business ,Engineering sciences. Technology ,computer ,Algorithm - Abstract
In this paper, the implementation of artificial neural networks (multilayer perceptron [MLP] and radial base functions [RBF]) and the upgraded Markov chain model have been studied and performed to identify the human behavior patterns during rock, paper, and scissors game. The main motivation of this research is the design and construction of an intelligent robot with the ability to defeat a human opponent. MATLAB software has been used to implement intelligent algorithms. After implementing the algorithms, their effectiveness in detecting human behavior pattern has been investigated. To ensure the ideal performance of the implemented model, each player played with the desired algorithms in three different stages. The results showed that the percentage of winning computer with MLP and RBF neural networks and upgraded Markov model, on average in men and women is 59%, 76.66%, and 75%, respectively. Obtained results clearly indicate a very good performance of the RBF neural network and the upgraded Markov model in the mental modeling of the human opponent in the game of rock, paper, and scissors. In the end, the designed game has been employed in both hardware and software which include the Zana intelligent robot and a digital version with a graphical user interface design on the stand. To the best knowledge of the authors, the precision of novel presented method for determining human behavior patterns was the highest precision among all of the previous studies.
- Published
- 2021
27. Towards development of a system for automatic assessment of the quality of a question paper
- Author
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Sujan Kumar Saha
- Subjects
Question assessment ,Higher education ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Question difficulty ,Question paper quality ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,Education ,Domain (software engineering) ,Development (topology) ,Educational assessment ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Question relevance ,Quality (business) ,Relevance (information retrieval) ,Set (psychology) ,media_common ,lcsh:LC8-6691 ,lcsh:Special aspects of education ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Computer Science Applications ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Quality Score ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,business ,0503 education ,computer - Abstract
In this paper, we present a system for automatic evaluation of the quality of a question paper. Question paper plays a major role in educational assessment. The quality of a question paper is crucial to fulfilling the purpose of the assessment. In many education sectors, question papers are prepared manually. A prior analysis of a question paper might help in finding the errors in the question paper, and better achieving the goals of the assessment. In this experiment, we focus on higher education in the technical domain. First, we conducted a student survey to identify the key factors that affect the quality of a question paper. The top factors we identified are question relevance, question difficulty, and time requirement. We explored the strategies to handle these factors and implemented them. We employ various concepts and techniques for the implementation. The system finally assigns a numerical quality score against these factors. The system is evaluated using a set of question papers collected from various sources. The experimental results show that the proposed system is quite promising.
- Published
- 2021
28. Neither Computer Science, nor Information Studies, nor Humanities Enough: What Is the Status of a Digital Humanities Conference Paper?
- Author
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Estill, Laura and Guiliano, Jennifer
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DIGITAL humanities ,ELECTRONIC data processing ,COMPUTER science ,HUMANITIES ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
Copyright of Digital Studies / Champ Numérique is the property of Open Library of Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review
- Author
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Qijun Sun, Zhong Lin Wang, Junyi Zhai, Mei Ding, Nuo Xu, Yuchen Liang, and Jing Han
- Subjects
energy harvesting ,Computer science ,interaction ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanotechnology ,Review ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,010402 general chemistry ,lcsh:Technology ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,General Materials Science ,Electronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,lcsh:Science ,self-powered devices ,Triboelectric effect ,lcsh:T ,business.industry ,triboelectric nanogenerator ,Environmental impact of the energy industry ,Paper based ,p-tengs ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Environmentally friendly ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,0104 chemical sciences ,Nanoscience ,internet of things (iot) ,lcsh:Q ,paper-based sensors ,0210 nano-technology ,Internet of Things ,business ,Energy harvesting ,lcsh:Physics ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
The development of industry and of the Internet of Things (IoTs) have brought energy issues and huge challenges to the environment. The emergence of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has attracted wide attention due to their advantages, such as self-powering, lightweight, and facile fabrication. Similarly to paper and other fiber-based materials, which are biocompatible, biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and are everywhere in daily life, paper-based TENGs (P-TENGs) have shown great potential for various energy harvesting and interactive applications. Here, a detailed summary of P-TENGs with two-dimensional patterns and three-dimensional structures is reported. P-TENGs have the potential to be used in many practical applications, including self-powered sensing devices, human–machine interaction, electrochemistry, and highly efficient energy harvesting devices. This leads to a simple yet effective way for the next generation of energy devices and paper electronics.
- Published
- 2021
30. DIGITAL TOOLS AND PAPER-AND-PENCIL IN SOLVING-AND-EXPRESSING: HOW TECHNOLOGY EXPANDS A STUDENT’S CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF A COVARIATION PROBLEM
- Author
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Jacinto, Hélia, Carreira, Susana, and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
- Subjects
Mathematical problem ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,conceptual model ,General Mathematics ,Education ,Development (topology) ,Digital technology ,Mathematics education ,QA1-939 ,Covariation ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Pencil (mathematics) ,Data collection ,covariation ,Management science ,05 social sciences ,Conceptual model (computer science) ,Digital transformation ,050301 education ,Expression (mathematics) ,Paper-and-pencil ,paper-and-pencil ,Conceptual model ,techno-mathematical fluency ,mathematical problem-solving ,Mathematical problem-solving ,Techno-mathematical fluency ,digital technology ,0503 education ,Mathematics ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
This study aims at understanding the role of the tools chosen throughout the processes of solving a non-routine mathematical problem and communicating its solution. In assuming that problem-solving is a synchronous activity of mathematization and expression of mathematical thinking we take our proposed Mathematical Problem Solving with Technology (MPST) model to analyze the processes of solving-and-expressing-problems. Resorting to qualitative methods for data collection and analysis, we report on the case of an 8th grader working on a covariation problem to examine the role that paper-and-pencil and digital tools play in the development of a conceptual model of the situation. We found that the resources used throughout the solving-and-expressing activity influenced the depth of the conceptual model developed, within a process of progressive mathematization. Whereas paper-and-pencil led to the emergence of a conceptual model based on exploring particular cases, the digital transformation of the solution was triggered by the process of communicating its mathematical justification and expanded the previous model. Moreover, the complexity of this activity is evidenced by its multiple sequences of processes. Finally, the integration process seems crucial as the concomitant use of technological and mathematical resources precedes major advancements in the expansion of the conceptual model.
- Published
- 2021
31. Advanced Technology and Prospect of the Ink-jet Printing (I) : Ink Characteristics and Ink-jet Paper
- Author
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Yong-Kyu Lee and Kyoung-Mo Jeong
- Subjects
Coated paper ,Offset (computer science) ,Inkwell ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Emerging technologies ,Image quality ,media_common.quotation_subject ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,General Chemistry ,engineering.material ,Coating ,Media Technology ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Quality (business) ,Process engineering ,business ,Inkjet printing ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,media_common - Abstract
The aim of this review is to introduce the information concerning advanced technology of ink-jet printing regarding characteristics and ink-jet paper. It is believed that ink-jet paper having suitable liquid absorption characteristics and drying techniques are required to improve image quality on high-speed inkjet printing. Although the development of high quality ink-jet paper is important, the demand or the dual-purpose coated paper that can be used with offset and ink-jet printing is expected to increase for the time being. Meanwhile, it is important to get cost down and raise the productivity of the inkjet paper to secure competitiveness comparable to that of offset coated paper. For those objectives we think that the development of new technologies is required for pigment development, composition design of the coating ingredients, and rheological characteristics analysis of coating colors.
- Published
- 2020
32. Classification of Paper Values Based on Citation Rank and PageRank.
- Author
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Souma, Wataru, Vodenska, Irena, and Chitkushev, Lou
- Subjects
CITATION networks ,MOLECULAR biology ,COMPUTER science ,CITATION indexes ,INFORMATION science ,COMPUTER engineering - Abstract
Purpose: The number of citations has been widely used to measure the significance of a paper. However, there is a need in introducing another index to determine superiority or inferiority of papers with the same number of citations. We determine superiority or inferiority of papers by using the ranking based on the number of citations and PageRank. Design/methodology/approach: We show the positive linear correlation between Citation Rank (the ranking of the number of citation) and PageRank. On this basis, we identify high-quality, prestige, emerging, and popular papers. Findings: We found that the high-quality papers belong to the subjects of biochemistry and molecular biology, chemistry, and multidisciplinary sciences. The prestige papers correspond to the subjects of computer science, engineering, and information science. The emerging papers are related to biochemistry and molecular biology, as well as those published in the journal "Cell." The popular papers belong to the subject of multidisciplinary sciences. Research limitations: We analyze the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) from 1981 to 2015 to calculate Citation Rank and PageRank within a citation network consisting of 34,666,719 papers and 591,321,826 citations. Practical implications: Our method is applicable to forecast emerging fields of research subjects in science and helps policymakers to consider science policy. Originality/value: We calculated PageRank for a giant citation network which is extremely larger than the citation networks investigated by previous researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Quantitative Image Analysis for Tissue Biomarker Use: A White Paper From the Digital Pathology Association
- Author
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Haydee Lara, Mark D. Zarella, David L. Rimm, Michael Christopher Montalto, Marilyn M. Bui, Famke Aeffner, Cleopatra Kozlowski, Zaibo Li, Douglas Bowman, Esther Abels, Anil V. Parwani, Ehab A ElGabry, and Liron Pantanowitz
- Subjects
Treatment response ,Histology ,Diagnostic Tests, Routine ,quantitative image analysis ,Computer science ,biomarkers ,Digital pathology ,Review Article ,Data science ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Clinical Practice ,whole-slide imaging ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,White paper ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Tissue biomarkers ,Humans ,Biomarker (medicine) - Abstract
Tissue biomarkers have been of increasing utility for scientific research, diagnosing disease, and treatment response prediction. There has been a steady shift away from qualitative assessment toward providing more quantitative scores for these biomarkers. The application of quantitative image analysis has thus become an indispensable tool for in-depth tissue biomarker interrogation in these contexts. This white paper reviews current technologies being employed for quantitative image analysis, their application and pitfalls, regulatory framework demands, and guidelines established for promoting their safe adoption in clinical practice.
- Published
- 2021
34. Digital colorimetric analysis for estimation of iron in water with smartphone-assisted microfluidic paper-based analytical devices
- Author
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Ashish Kapoor, Sivasamy Balasubramanian, Aalekhya Vasantavada, Shreyas Kanetkar, P. Muthamilselvi, Aditya Udayabhanu, Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar, and Chidhambaram Eswari
- Subjects
Computer science ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Microfluidics ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Digital imaging ,Soil Science ,Nanotechnology ,Paper based ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Digital image analysis ,Chemical contaminants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Colorimetric analysis ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices are emerging as promising options for on-the-spot detection of chemical contaminants in water. The coupling of these devices with digital imaging technol...
- Published
- 2021
35. Printability and quality of papers coated with different binders
- Author
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Emine ARMAN KANDIRMAZ, Arif Ozcan, and ÖZCAN A., Kandirmaz E. A., ZELZELE Ö. B.
- Subjects
Bilgisayar Bilimi Uygulamaları ,paper coating ,Computer Sciences ,printability ,BİLGİSAYAR BİLİMİ, İNTERDİSİPLİNER UYGULAMALAR ,Mühendislik, Bilişim ve Teknoloji (ENG) ,COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS ,COMPUTER SCIENCE ,Bilgisayar Grafiği ,Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design ,Computer Science Applications ,Fizik Bilimleri ,Physical Sciences ,Computer Graphics ,Bilgisayar Grafikleri ve Bilgisayar Destekli Tasarım ,Engineering and Technology ,Bilgisayar Bilimi ,Bilgisayar Bilimleri ,Mühendislik ve Teknoloji ,paper quality ,Engineering, Computing & Technology (ENG) ,binder - Abstract
Papers are the most commonly used substrates. A printable paper must have certain properties. These properties include surface smoothness, air permeability, surface energy, colour of the paper, opacity, whiteness, light fastness, gloss, and coefficient of elongation under force. In addition, a good printable paper should not allow ink to pass between its two surfaces. After the papers are produced, they are subjected to surface treatments in order to improve the above-mentioned properties and to provide extra specification. Surface treatments include calendering, surface sizing and coating processes. While filling the recesses and protrusions on the surface with the coating process, the paper's affinity for the ink is increased, and the penetration of the ink to the other surface of the paper is prevented. In the coating process basically, a filler is dispersed in a binder. In this study, it is aimed to obtain the highest quality and most printable paper by changing the type of binder used in the coating. In this study, equal amount (5% w/w) titanium dioxide filler was used in all coating formulations. In coating formulations; cationic starch, hydroxy ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol polymers were used as binders. Binder amounts are adjusted according to optimum viscosity. The obtained coating formulations were coated on the paper surface with a laboratory type coating device. Colour, gloss, surface smoothness, air permeability, surface energy and surface morphology of the coated papers were determined. It was printed with magenta offset printing ink on three different types of paper coated with different binders, using the IGT C1 offset printability test device, under 400 N/m2 pressure printing conditions. Colour and gloss measurements of the prints were made. As a result; It was determined that three different binders improved the printability parameters.
- Published
- 2022
36. Resource efficiency improvement: zero waste discharge planning in a pulp-and-paper firm under uncertainties
- Author
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Raymond R. Tan, Shiou-Yun Jeng, Chun-Wei Lin, Korbkul Jantarakolica, and Ming-Lang Tseng
- Subjects
Waste management ,Computer science ,020209 energy ,Pulp (paper) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Zero waste ,Resource efficiency ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,engineering.material ,Discharge planning ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing - Abstract
PurposeThis study develops an integrated zero waste discharge planning approach for improving resource efficiency in a pulp-and-paper manufacturing firm.Design/methodology/approachThe objectives of this study are to (1) identify the environmental, technical and social metrics in resource efficiency; (2) utilize fuzzy multi-objective programming and the hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the fuzzy problem; and (3) develop an assessment for resource efficiency improvement in an industrial case study.FindingsThe findings demonstrate the superiority of hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm in generating optimal results for a pulp-and-paper manufacturing firm.Practical implicationsThe findings demonstrate the superiority of hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm in generating optimal results for a pulp-and-paper manufacturing firm.Originality/valueResource efficiency is a multi-objective problem in an uncertain environment. In particular, zero waste discharge planning involves minimizing the total cost and maximizing the waste material recovery rate, wastewater reuse, and waste heat recovery.
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- 2021
37. Aging state assessment of transformer cellulosic paper insulation using multivariate chemical indicators
- Author
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Hanbo Zheng, Jiaqi Wang, Chuansheng Zhang, Kuikui Shi, Jing Guo, Chaohai Zhang, Enze Zhang, and Harald Schwarz
- Subjects
Multivariate statistics ,Polymers and Plastics ,Computer science ,Electrical insulation paper ,02 engineering and technology ,Ideal solution ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Condition assessment ,0104 chemical sciences ,Weighting ,Reliability engineering ,Cellulosic ethanol ,0210 nano-technology ,Reliability (statistics) ,Transformer (machine learning model) - Abstract
Compared with a single chemical indicator, the use of multivariate chemical indicators in aging status assessment of transformer cellulose paper insulation can improve the reliability of the evaluation. In this study, a non-destructive method based on multivariate chemical indicators was proposed to evaluate the remaining life of cellulosic paper insulation. The selected chemical indicators closely related to the aging of the insulating paper were analyzed. Additionally, by applying the subjective and objective weighting method, the evaluation information of each indicator was fully extracted to obtain reasonable comprehensive evaluation weights. Besides, the comprehensive evaluation index of multivariate chemical indicators was obtained by using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method, which is consistent with the deterioration law of paper insulation. Then, the correlation lifespan model between the comprehensive evaluation index of multivariate chemical indicators and the degree of polymerization of insulating paper under different aging stages was established. The effectiveness of the proposed model was verified by experiments. This promising model can increase the accuracy of the condition assessment for the transformer cellulosic paper insulation.
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- 2021
38. Paper-Based Semi-quantitative Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
- Author
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Ruisheng Wang and David Erickson
- Subjects
Susceptibility testing ,Computer science ,General Chemical Engineering ,Antimicrobial susceptibility ,Single sample ,General Chemistry ,Paper based ,Antimicrobial ,Article ,Chemistry ,Sample volume ,Antibiotic resistance ,Biochemical engineering ,QD1-999 ,Semi quantitative - Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is increasingly recognized as a major threat to global health. To combat this emerging threat, accessible antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be prioritized as a key component of stewardship efforts. In this work, we developed a user-friendly paper-based test that provides visual readout of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility in a semiquantitative format. We leveraged on-chip paper microfluidics to enable multiplexed testing of multiple antibiotic dilutions with a single sample addition step, replicating the functionality of traditional broth-dilution-based susceptibility testing in a simplified format. Our paper-based test offers several advantages including low sample volume requirement and lack of need for humidity control during incubation, an innovation that addresses a key limitation of conventional paper-microfluidic devices. Using several clinically relevant bacterial organisms and antimicrobial agents, we demonstrate that our colorimetric readout approach provides a strong predictor of susceptibility category.
- Published
- 2021
39. Paper acceptance prediction at the institutional level based on the combination of individual and network features
- Author
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Jun Zhang, Bing Wang, Peng Chen, Fang Zhou, and Wenyan Wang
- Subjects
Measure (data warehouse) ,Work (electrical) ,Ranking ,Computer science ,Acceptance rate ,General Social Sciences ,Paper quality ,Library and Information Sciences ,Centrality ,Data science ,Institutional level ,Computer Science Applications ,Random forest - Abstract
Papers published in top conferences or journals is an important measure of the innovation ability of institutions, and ranking paper acceptance rate can be helpful for evaluating affiliation potential in academic research. Most studies only focus on the paper quality itself, and apply simple statistical data to estimate the contribution of institutions. In this work, a novel method is proposed by combining different types of features of affiliation and author to predict the paper acceptance at the institutional level. Based on the history of the paper published, this work firstly calculates the affiliation scores, constructs an institutional collaboration network and analyzes the importance of the institutions using network centrality measures. Four measures about the authors’ influence and capability are then extracted to take the contributions of authors into consideration. Finally, a random forest algorithm is adopted to solve the prediction problem of paper acceptance. As a result, this paper improves the ranking of the paper acceptance rate NDCG@20 to 0.865, which is superior to other state-of-the-art approaches. The experimental results show the effectiveness of proposed method, and the information between different types of features can be complementary for predicting paper acceptance rate.
- Published
- 2021
40. Morphological Sensitivity and Falling Behavior of Paper V-Shapes
- Author
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Toby Howison, Fumiya Iida, and Josie Hughes
- Subjects
computation ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Sequential logic ,Computer science ,Complex system ,embodied intelligence ,robot ,Context (language use) ,falling paper ,Parameter space ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Artificial Intelligence ,emergence ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,complex systems ,Set (psychology) ,Falling (sensation) ,Biological system - Abstract
Behavioral diversity seen in biological systems is, at the most basic level, driven by interactions between physical materials and their environment. In this context we are interested in falling paper systems, specifically the V-shaped falling paper (VSFP) system that exhibits a set of discrete falling behaviors across the morphological parameter space. Our previous work has investigated how morphology influences dominant falling behaviors in the VSFP system. In this article we build on this analysis to investigate the nature of behavioral transitions in the same system. First, we investigate stochastic behavior transitions. We demonstrate how morphology influences the likelihood of different transitions, with certain morphologies leading to a wide range of possible paths through the behavior-space. Second, we investigate deterministic transitions. To investigate behaviors over longer time periods than available in falling experiments we introduce a new experimental platform. We demonstrate how we can induce behavior transitions by modulating the energy input to the system. Certain behavior transitions are found to be irreversible, exhibiting a form of hysteresis, while others are fully reversible. Certain morphologies are shown to behave like simplistic sequential logic circuits, indicating that the system has a form of memory encoded into the morphology–environment interactions. Investigating the limits of how morphology–environment interactions induce non-trivial behaviors is a key step for the design of embodied artificial life-forms.
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- 2021
41. Detection of adulteration in sunflower oil using paper-based microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices
- Author
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R. Muthukumar, Vijay Vaishampayan, Sivasamy Balasubramanian, Mihul Gabhane, and Ashish Kapoor
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,food.ingredient ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Sunflower oil ,Microfluidics ,02 engineering and technology ,Paper based ,Lab-on-a-chip ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,food ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Palm oil ,0210 nano-technology ,Process engineering ,business - Abstract
Edible oils form an integral component in the human diet as well as in the industrial preparations. Any adulteration in oil is concerning from nutritional as well as economical perspective. Although analytical techniques exist for detection of adulterants in oil, most of them require sophisticated instruments, and trained professionals. Microfluidic based lab-on-a-chip technologies have rapidly progressed over the recent years and offer promising alternatives in this regard. In this work, we report development of a paper-based microfluidic lab-on-a-chip for detection of palm oil contamination in sunflower oil. We use the paper-based microfluidic colorimetric detection approach that indicates the presence of adulteration in a visual manner. The data is analyzed using digitally acquired images along with ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. The paper-based microfluidic device is fabricated and tested for 10–50% (v/v) palm oil adulteration in sunflower oil. Further, we employ the device for free fatty acid content tests in oil samples. Visual signal acquired from the device is optimized by varying phenolphthalein proportions. The stability of visual colorimetric signal is examined over time and is found to remain steady over the trial period of six days considered in this work. The integration of the detection device with smartphone imaging can prove to be useful for onsite data collection. We believe the approach presented here can be extended to food quality monitoring portable platforms.
- Published
- 2021
42. Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices: Low-Cost Platforms for Rapid Biochemical Detection
- Author
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Barış Ünal, Gulden Camci-Unal, and Ken Mahmud
- Subjects
Computer science ,Igm antibody ,Microfluidics ,Metal Nanoparticles ,02 engineering and technology ,Biochemical detection ,01 natural sciences ,Human Immunoglobulin M ,Humans ,Reliability (statistics) ,Immunoassay ,biology ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Reproducibility of Results ,General Medicine ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Immunoglobulin M ,Embedded system ,biology.protein ,Gold ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Introduction We developed low-cost, portable paper-based diagnostic devices for detection of human immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum without any sample preparation. These devices can be used to help identify presence of diseases, used to provide rapid results ( Materials and Methods We successfully accomplished colorimetric detection of human IgG and human IgM using a sandwich-style assay within the microfluidic paper device via vertical flow immunoassay configuration. The reaction zone in the wax printed paper layer is a small circular pattern. Gold nanoparticles conjugated with anti-human IgG and IgM antibodies have been used for colorimetric detection of IgG or IgM by naked eye. Colorimetric signal can be precisely quantified through implementation of image analysis software which can be developed as an app for a smartphone. The size of the device is 2 cm × 2 cm × 1 mm. Results Colorimetric detection of human IgG was accomplished at 100 fg/mL concentration using a gold nanoparticle–conjugated anti-human IgG antibody. The developed platform has a dynamic range of IgM and IgG concentrations between 0.1 pg/mL and 100 μg/mL. These devices provided a color readout in Conclusions Because of the inherent simplicity of the device operation and their ease of use, there is no variation between samples and users of the device. This low-cost approach enables multiplexing with >1 measurement performed in parallel at the same time. We anticipate that because of the sensitivity, specificity, ease of use, and overall reliability, this approach will become a standard for diagnosis of diseases and health conditions.
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- 2021
43. Combined Colorimetric and Electrochemical Measurement Paper-Based Device for Chemometric Proof-of-Concept Analysis of Cocaine Samples
- Author
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Koiti Araki, Josué M. Gonçalves, Thiago R.L.C. Paixão, Vanessa N. Ataide, Wilson A. Ameku, Mauro Sergio Ferreira Santos, and Ivano Gebhardt Rolf Gutz
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Chemistry ,Computer science ,Proof of concept ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Pattern recognition ,General Chemistry ,Paper based ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,QD1-999 ,QUIMIOMETRIA ,Article - Abstract
Cocaine (COC) is one of the most widely consumed illegal drugs around the world. Street COC is commonly adulterated with pharmaceutical compounds that mimic or intensify the COC's sensory effect. Adulteration is performed to increase the profit of criminal organizations and each one has their own way of doing it. Therefore, determining the composition of seized COC samples (chemical profile) provides evidence for the police to track criminal organization networks and their activity patterns. Using filter paper as a substrate, we developed a multiple detection paper-based analytical device (PAD) that combines colorimetric and electrochemical measurements to discriminate COC samples according to adulterant's content. A regular graphite lead modified with a gold film made from Au leaf (graphite/Au) to improve electron transfer was used as a working electrode. Silver and Ag/AgCl were used as auxiliary and reference electrodes, respectively. The colorimetric device was patterned using a laser cutter and coupled to the electrochemical device using a double-sided tape, allowing simultaneous analysis to gather more analytical information about COC samples. Graphite/Au was characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopies and electrochemical assays. The simultaneous colorimetric and electrochemical analyses combined to principal component analysis improved the analytical characterization of COC trial samples and provided a fast discrimination based on the assembled database.
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- 2021
44. Literature Review of the Use of Zinc and Zinc Compounds in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices
- Author
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Constantine Anagnostopoulos, Hojat Heidari-Bafroui, Amer Charbaji, and Mohammad Faghri
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chemistry ,Computer science ,Microfluidics ,Zinc compounds ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nanotechnology ,Zinc ,Paper based ,Corrosion - Abstract
Zinc and its compounds, alloys and composites play an important role in the modern day world and find application in almost every aspect that can improve the quality of our lives. This ranges from supplements and pharmaceuticals that are meant to improve our health and wellbeing to additives meant to guard or reduce corrosion in metals. However, over the past several years, a new area of technology has been garnering a great deal of attention and has made use of zinc and its compounds. This is with reference to paper-based microfluidic technology that offers several advantages and that keeps expanding in the amount of applications it covers. In this paper, a review is offered for the applications that have used zinc or zinc compounds in paper-based microfluidic devices.
- Published
- 2021
45. Design and development of eco-friendly cutlery out of paper waste through molding next generation waste management
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Roshan Topno, Richa Pandey, Rahul Singh, and Phuleshwar Baitha
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010302 applied physics ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Cutlery ,02 engineering and technology ,Molding (process) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,USable ,01 natural sciences ,Environmentally friendly ,Paper recycling ,Resource (project management) ,Power consumption ,0103 physical sciences ,0210 nano-technology ,Process engineering ,business - Abstract
The waste of paper or the paper dump is a serious problem and its occurrence is widespread in various institutions. Wastepaper can be recycled to produce some important and usable products that are ecological and biodegradable. For example, it is used to extract new paper from the old by chemical decomposition. Other products such as paper plates, paper cups, paper spoons, tiles, toys, crafts, etc. can be formed from the slurry. This project also initiates a mould that makes cups and plates from the wastepaper management circuit. With learning institutions being the main consumers, most paper are usually eliminated after its use. The waste remains undeveloped and unused, although is a valuable resource. Studying the design of a manual, economical and efficient paper recycling machine, it can be surmised that the design uses the integration of the knowledge gained about the recycling technology that exists manually from the paper recycling machines used to form a cheap but effective paper recycling system. The advantages of the machine are not only of recycled paper, but also the advantages of the interaction of the manual drive system, which will also reduce the high cost. As the design is not 100% effective, the transmission, belt and chain transmission correspond to the estimated 90% efficiency using the 90% for the design. The power consumption for the design is 450 W and since an average user can produce 100 W constant, it takes 5 people to drive the machine.
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- 2021
46. An electricity- and instrument-free infectious disease sensor based on a 3D origami paper-based analytical device
- Author
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Chiao-Wen Chen, Wang-Huei Sheng, Chien-Fu Chen, Yuh-Shiuan Chien, Hao Yuan, and Chung-An Chen
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Paper ,Computer science ,Real-time computing ,Biomedical Engineering ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Communicable Diseases ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Electricity ,Infectious disease diagnosis ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,medicine ,Humans ,Instrumentation (computer programming) ,010401 analytical chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Paper based ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Biocompatible material ,P24 antigen ,0104 chemical sciences ,Infectious disease (medical specialty) ,Timer ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Infectious diseases cause millions of deaths annually in the developing world. Recently, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have been developed to diagnose such diseases, as these tests are low cost, biocompatible, and simple to fabricate. However, current μPADs are difficult to use in resource-limited areas due to their reliance on external instrumentation to measure and analyze the test results. In this work, we propose an electricity and external instrumentation-free μPAD sensor based on the colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of infectious disease (3D-tPADs). Designed based on the principle of origami, the proposed μPAD enables the sequential steps of the colorimetric ELISA test to be completed in just ∼10 min. In addition, in order to obtain an accurate ELISA result without using any instrument, we have integrated an electricity-free "timer" within the μPAD that can be controlled by the buffer viscosity and fluid path volume to indicate the appropriate times for washing and color development steps, which can avoid false positive or false negative results caused by an extended or shortened amount of washing and development times. Due to the low background noise and high positive signal intensity of the μPAD, positive and negative detection results can be distinguished by just the naked eye. Furthermore, the ELISA result can be semi-quantified by comparing the results shown on the μPAD with a color chart diagram with a detection limit of HIV type 1(HIV-1) p24 antigen as low as 0.03 ng mL-1. These results demonstrate the proposed sensor can perform infectious disease diagnosis without external instrumentation or electricity, extending the application of the μPAD test for on-site detection and use in resource-limited settings.
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- 2021
47. Proposed intelligence systems based on digital Forensics: Review paper
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Myasar Mundher Adnan, Kohbalan Moorthy, Mustafa Qahatan Alsudani, Haydar Qassim Abbas, Mohammed Hasan Ali, and Hussein Ismael Sahib
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Focus (computing) ,Intelligence system ,Computer science ,Digital forensics ,General Medicine ,Information security ,Data science ,Hybrid model ,Field (computer science) ,Visualization - Abstract
The field of information security, in general, has seen shifts a traditional approach to an intelligence system. Moreover, an increasing of researchers to focus on propose intelligence systems and framework based on the forensic case studies because of the limitations of traditional methods such as analysis intensive data manually, intelligence visualization to make the evidence more understandable and intelligence system for store data. However, most of these intelligence systems are still facing different limitations. Furthermore, the primary goal of this work analysis popular intelligence system that was used based on forensic. Moreover, propose new algorithms and hybrid model which it's achieved good results in dif-ferent other fields to develop the forensic systems in the future.
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- 2023
48. A paper-based colorimetric molecular test for SARS-CoV-2 in saliva
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Josiah Levi Davidson, Jiangshan Wang, Jordan Seville, Suraj Mohan, Mohit S. Verma, Sai Venkata Sravan Putikam, Ana Pascual-Garrigos, Fujr Osman Ibrahim Osman, Murali Kannan Maruthamuthu, Andres Dextre, and Darby McChesney
- Subjects
Detection limit ,Saliva ,Chromatography ,Colorimetric LAMP ,Computer science ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Loop-mediated isothermal amplification ,Paper based ,Paper-based diagnostics ,Article ,Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices ,Electrochemistry ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Herein, we describe the development of a paper-based device to detect nucleic acids of pathogens of interest in complex samples using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) by producing a colorimetric response visible to the human eye. To demonstrate the utility of this device in emerging public health emergencies, we developed and optimized our device to detect SARS-CoV-2 in human saliva without preprocessing. The resulting device was capable of detecting the virus within 60 min and had an analytical sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 100% with a limit of detection of 200 genomic copies/μL of patient saliva using image analysis. The device consists of a configurable number of reaction zones constructed of Grade 222 chromatography paper separated by 20 mil polystyrene spacers attached to a Melinex® backing via an ARclean® double-sided adhesive. The resulting device is easily configurable to detect multiple targets and has the potential to detect a variety of pathogens simply by changing the LAMP primer sets.
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- 2021
49. Modeling-Guided Design of Paper Microfluidic Networks: A Case Study of Sequential Fluid Delivery
- Author
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Dharitri Rath and Bhushan J. Toley
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Paper ,Optimal design ,Reverse engineering ,Computer science ,Microfluidics ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Instrumentation ,Immunoassay ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Mathematical model ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Control engineering ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Trial and error ,0104 chemical sciences ,Flow (mathematics) ,Richards equation ,0210 nano-technology ,Convection–diffusion equation ,computer - Abstract
Paper-based microfluidic devices are popular for their ability to automate multistep assays for chemical or biological sensing at a low cost, but the design of paper microfluidic networks has largely relied on experimental trial and error. A few mathematical models of flow through paper microfluidic devices have been developed and have succeeded in explaining experimental flow behavior. However, the reverse engineering problem of designing complex paper networks guided by appropriate mathematical models is largely unsolved. In this article, we demonstrate that a two-dimensional paper network (2DPN) designed to sequentially deliver three fluids to a test zone on the device can be computationally designed and experimentally implemented without experimental trial and error. This was accomplished by three new developments in modeling flow through paper networks: (i) coupling of the Richards equation of flow through porous media to the species transport equation, (ii) modeling flow through assemblies of multiple paper materials (test membrane and wicking pad), and (iii) incorporating limited-volume fluid sources. We demonstrate the application of this model in the optimal design of a paper-based signal-enhanced immunoassay for a malaria protein, PfHRP2. This work lays the foundation for the development of a computational design toolbox to aid in the design of paper microfluidic networks. ©
- Published
- 2020
50. Smartphone-based application vs paper-based record: female adolescents acceptance on fluid record tool
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Izka Sofiyya Wahyurin, Izzati Nur Khoiriani, Hiya Alfi Rahmah, and Pramesthi Widya Hapsari
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Nutrition and Dietetics ,Multimedia ,Computer science ,Paper based ,computer.software_genre ,computer ,Food Science - Abstract
Introduction: Water is essential for normal functioning of the human body. Total fluid intake assessment using fluid record method is considered to be a burden for respondents, and the development of technology is expected to contribute favourably to this issue. My Fluid Diary is a smartphone-based application developed by the researcher as a fluid intake recording tool. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptance of manual, paper-based fluid intake recording compared to using My Fluid Diary as a trial among Indonesian vocational female students. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted to explore students’ acceptance of fluid intake recording using the smartphone-based application. An exploratory case study approach involving 38 female students as key informants was used via focus group discussion and in-depth interview as a method of triangulation. Results: Based on the data, female adolescents admitted that the application was more acceptable for fluid intake than recording manually using a book, in consideration of three aspects - the benefits, the easiness, and the application display or features. Based on its benefits, My Fluid Diary was mentioned as easy to learn and use. However, in order to improve the application, there is still a need for research development. Conclusion: My Fluid Diary was an application with respectable acceptance for fluid record compared to the manual, paper-based method among female adolescents.
- Published
- 2020
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