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We describe how statecharts are used to model the behavior of complex reactive systems. The paper is divided into two parts, according to the two main ways that have been suggested for modeling the structure of such systems: structured analysis (SA) and object-orientation (OO). It uses a cardiac pacemaker example for illustration. (This paper available in hard-copy only.)

We described the solution of the analysis problem in the BETA multi-language system. The key moment here is joining the analysis algorithms at the isolated stage of the optimization phase. From our point of view, such a stage is necessary in any well-developed optimizing compiler for finding information and control connections and frequency relations between program objects. This stage can be considered as a result of applying to the optimization phase such an universal optimization algorithm as "unloading of repeated parts".