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This study was developed using Arduino Nano that act as main brain of this system. Together with the android application that was developed use to allowed user to unlock and lock their bicycle easily by tapping the green and red button inside the application. A high security should be applied because this bicycle lock can be hack or stolen by anyone. Therefore, this project has an addition of vibration sensor and alarm to prevent theft from happening. To compare this study with top keyless bicycle company maker is far way to achieved but it is something that is not impossible to do. In this study, the objective that had to develop a keyless way to secure the bicycle lock. The software development of the keyless bicycle lock is to be based on simple yet powerful programming languages such as Arduino coding or Raspberry Pi 3 processor coding. The Bluetooth in the lock system are to be connected with the mobile phone Bluetooth software for the locking mechanism.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the suitable design to develop a prototype of keyless anti-theft bicycle lock system. Student bicycle commuters are not satisfied with the present selection of bicycle locks accessible. Many express that locking their bicycle isn’t a simple procedure. User contemplates showed that u-locks are seen to be the strongest and rent powerless to breaking; anyway they are inconvenient and badly designed to utilize. Cable locks are light weight; however, they are can get effortlessly cut. Different methods are costly and require significant modifications to the bicycle. These regular locks are not by any means effective in theft anticipation and this is an outstanding issue. The attempts to tackle this issue included either designing brand new locking system or enhancing the current locks by adding features.

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry one of the most popular photogrammetry technique due to short period of time for data acquisition and low costs compared to the use of classical manned aircrafts. This technique widely been used in many kind of application that related to aerial mapping. This paper review the UAV photogrammetry used for aerial mapping applications. The previous results by others researchers showed the capability of the UAV photogrammetry captures the complex shape and topography. The application for the image processing uses a sequence of 2-dimensional (2D) images to recreate a scene and built it in 3-dimensional (3D) model. The study will utilize the software for 3D models reconstruction which are open source tools and commercial software packages. The study also describe the brief idea to enchance the uses of the UAV photogrammetry in research. End user will have ideas using of the software for photogrammetry.

Student bicycle commuters are not satisfied with the present selection of bicycle locks accessible. Many express that locking their bicycle isn’t a simple procedure. User contemplates showed that u-locks are seen to be the strongest and rent powerless to breaking, anyway they are inconvenient and badly designed to utilize. Based on the literature review, benchmarking, type of lock review and survey, an idea of the market demand and also improvements that needed to be done on the existing systems to meet the needs and demands of the customer is obtained. The survey gave a clear view of the preferences and priorities of the user when it comes to lock purchasing and utilizing. Customer requirements define the qualities in the end product or system which customers seek, which in most cases is not quantifiable. Despite the case, these qualities can be translated into technical parameters or quantitative attributes via the House of Quality (HoQ).

Modern vehicles require good performance of braking system as well as having a safe environment of the surrounding. The use of asbestos as conventional brake pad has been causing harmful effects to the environment due to its dust that has been released by the frictional contact between the disc rotor and the brake pad during braking. Alternative materials to replace asbestos as conventional brake pad have been conducted over recent years for a safer environment and better braking performance of the modern vehicles. As a method to test the potential of alternative materials, modern simulation software has been put to use. This study focuses the use of a modelling software known as PTC Creo Parametric and a simulation software known as ANSYS to test the properties of natural fibres, which are kenaf, coconut, palm and asbestos, to determine the potential of replacing asbestos as conventional brake pad. The materials considered for this thesis are kenaf, coconut, palm and asbestos. Factors that affect the material potentials have been taken into consideration which includes design of disc rotor and brake pad, material properties and thermal and mechanical effects. Technical setup has been obeyed to conduct the simulation task. In conclusion, the factors stated do affect the braking material potentials and kenaf is the most suitable material to replace asbestos as conventional brake pad among all materials stated.

Understanding the nature of the vortex formation is important to research that needs to be cover in order to develop a mitigation plan to avoid or reduce its formation that may cause serious damage to the hydropower mechanical machines. This paper presents a review of significant cases of vortex formation in the hydraulic intake that has been adopted Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) as a method of the research. The focus of this review is to provide a solid basis for the efficiency of the PIV measurement to study the vortex formation in the hydraulic intake. As a new innovative approach to the vortex study, it stated that PIV is a method that able to find a good agreement and can be validated together with another method.

In the present work, a numerical study was carry out to study the existence of strong vortices in the flow behavior of dam reservoir. The occurence of vortex breakdown is extremely complex and quite difficult to acquire enough details experimentally. To fully understand and comprehend the mechanisms that involved, numerical study is required. With the evolution of computer devices and numerical techniques, a computational approach seemed very appealing to get the additional information regarding the structure of the breakdown. Besides, the identifying of the various parameters affecting its occurrence and development can be obtained to. Getting supplementary insight into the physics itself of the circumstance has been another ambition. This paper reviews recent published works on CFD (computational fluid dynamic) simulations of vortex in hydraulic intake.

Gardening is an activity that requires fully care and time which two main factors of nowadays people lack of due to fast moving daily lifestyle. Growing a plant requires a person to monitor several parameters such as water, oxygen, nutrient, light, temperature and support for the plant. In conjunction to overcome the lack of commitment for the people to enjoy their hobby in gardening, an automatic plant pot is introduced. This paper discusses the studies of plant growth which later will be used as the criteria to design and develop a prototype of automatic plant pot. From the studies three outstanding elements were used as the main criteria to design a prototype of automatic plan pot which are water, nitrogen and temperature. These three elements need to be fully automated control to meet the objective that this prototype can help people to do gardening with less care and attention.

Active urbanisation and industrialisation in Malaysia causing massive waste generation. Depleting of landfills is pushing for a new effective approach to solid waste management which is equally important in ensuring the environment is taken care of and free from pollution. Recently the Malaysian government decides to step up in a new holistic approach to a better waste management system where the new implementation of sorting and separation of waste according to a waste composition such as recyclable waste, residual waste and bulky/garden waste at source. This implementation in which requires people to separate their waste and sort the recyclable waste according to categories such as plastic, metal, paper and others. The idea to design and build an automatic waste sorting recycle bin is to support the initiative to separate different kind of trash according to specific categories at the early stage which is at domestic user such as at home and office. This paper discuss the current problem of waste management and how a prototype of smart sorting recycle bin is being developed.

The understanding of dam structure condition under the static and dynamic should be aware as to fulfils the criteria of safety to the public. Furthermore, it is crucial to understand the parameter of the condition assessment of hydropower dam. Sliding failure, overturning failure, concrete deterioration, concrete distress, internal failure and foundation failure are the parameter induced to damage the dam stability. However, due to some areas on dam structure are difficult to be assessed such as its penstock and spillway, development condition assessment rating on structural condition for hydropower dam based on fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation approach is vital since it is impossible to stop the dam operation as it is needed in generating electricity. The present study aimed is to summarize the collection of various papers that related to dam analysis as to develop the condition assessment rating on structural condition for hydropower dam based on fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation approach.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provides numerical approximation to the equations that govern fluid motion. Application of the CFD to analyze a fluid problem requires the following steps. First, the mathematical equations describing the fluid flow are written. These are usually a set of partial differential equations. These equations are then discretized to produce a numerical analogue of the equations. The domain is then divided into small grids or elements. Finally, the initial conditions and the boundary conditions of the specific problem are used to solve these equations. All CFD codes contain three main elements: (1) A pre-processor, which is used to input the problem geometry, generate the grid, and define the flow parameter and the boundary conditions to the code. (2) A flow solver, which is used to solve the governing equations of the flow subject to the conditions provided. There are four different methods used as a flow solver: (i) finite difference method; (ii) finite element method, (iii) finite volume method. (3) A post-processor, which is used to massage the data and show the results in graphical and easy to read format.

This study present of fly ash generation at generated one the power plant in Malaysia. The main purpose of this research to predict the generation of fly ash in future years by a method. This prediction is important so that fly ash generated could be used in a beneficial way. Prediction of fly ash was done by using two types of software which are Neural Network Toolbox, MATLAB and IBM SPSS Statistics 23, Linear Regression. Among these two methods, IBM SPSS Statistics 23, Linear Regression is found to be the most effective way to predict the generation of fly ash in the future by using five year’s best fit linear regression equation compared to Neural Network Toolbox, MATLAB.

Involvement of important engineering applications in the interaction of free-moving objects with dispersed multi-phase flows are numerous in recent years. However, due to the challenge and complexity, few studies have been reported and modeling approaches remain very limited. This paper reviews the use of discrete particle models (DPMs) for the study of the fluid flow phenomena and elaborates several different types of multiple phases. The efficiency of particle retention and computational time were considered in determining the most appropriate multiphase model. Therefore, the dynamic modeling of multi-scale systems requires a method to solve the problem of structural fluid interaction (FSI) in the particle fluid flow.