1. Know Your Space: Inlier and Outlier Construction for Calibrating Medical OOD Detectors
- Author
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Narayanaswamy, Vivek, Mubarka, Yamen, Anirudh, Rushil, Rajan, Deepta, Spanias, Andreas, and Thiagarajan, Jayaraman J.
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
We focus on the problem of producing well-calibrated out-of-distribution (OOD) detectors, in order to enable safe deployment of medical image classifiers. Motivated by the difficulty of curating suitable calibration datasets, synthetic augmentations have become highly prevalent for inlier/outlier specification. While there have been rapid advances in data augmentation techniques, this paper makes a striking finding that the space in which the inliers and outliers are synthesized, in addition to the type of augmentation, plays a critical role in calibrating OOD detectors. Using the popular energy-based OOD detection framework, we find that the optimal protocol is to synthesize latent-space inliers along with diverse pixel-space outliers. Based on empirical studies with multiple medical imaging benchmarks, we demonstrate that our approach consistently leads to superior OOD detection ($15\% - 35\%$ in AUROC) over the state-of-the-art in a variety of open-set recognition settings.
- Published
- 2022