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Ships navigating inland waterways, especially mountainous waterways, may encounter complex navigation environments. Under these circumstances, the force of the ship is extremely complex, the attitude of the ship may be unstable, and the control performance may decrease, possibly resulting in marine accidents. In this study, a modular-type manoeuvring model (MMG) is used to develop a ship manoeuvring model that comprehensively considers multiple factors. Based on this model, numerical simulations are conducted on the ship Seiun Maru , and Esso Osaka ; the simulation results are found to be in good agreement with the results of real ship motions. Then, numerical simulations are conducted on the navigation of a 500-ton ship in a typical mountainous waterway, the Suoluo Rapids in the Lancang River, and the impact of the complex environment in this area on the safety of ship navigation is explored. The results reveal that ignoring the influence of environmental factors may put ships in dangerous situations when navigating mountain waterways. In addition, the model can effectively simulate the manoeuvring motion of a ship in a typical mountain waterway, and the calculation cost is negligible. This study provides valuable suggestions for long-distance ship manoeuvring in complex inland river environments. • Ship maneuverability in mountainous rivers is discussed via MMG model. • A more efficient non-uniform flow model. • It is more realistic to consider the impact of multiple factors on ship maneuvering. • Environmental factors' impact on ship safety in mountainous rivers is studied. • Guidance for long-distance ship maneuvering in complex inland rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]