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A solar-assisted liquid desiccant demonstration plant was built and experimentally evaluated. Humidity of the air, density of the desiccant, and all relevant mass flow rates and temperatures were measured at each inlet and outlet position. Adiabatic dehumidification experiments were performed in different seasons of the year under various ambient air conditions. The moisture removal rate mv, the mass balance factor κm, and the absorber effectiveness, εabs, were evaluated. An aqueous solution of LiCl was used as liquid desiccant with an initial mass fraction of about 0.4 kgLiCl/kgsol. The mass flow rate of the air through the absorber was about 1100 kg/h. The experimental results showed a reduction in the air humidity ratio in the range of 1.3-4.3 g/kg accompanied with an increase in the air temperature in the range of 3-8.5 K, depending on the inlet and operating conditions. For the air to desiccant mass flow ratio of 82, a mass fraction spread of 5.7% points in the desiccant and a volumetric energy storage capacity of 430 MJ/m³ were achieved. By operating the desiccant pump in an intermittent mode, a mass fraction spread of about 13% points in the desiccant and an energy storage capacity of about 900 MJ/m³ were reached. In addition, the experimental results were compared with results from a numerical model. The numerical model overestimates the heat and mass transfer because it assumes ideal surface wetting and uniform distribution of the circulated fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A simulation-based fault detection approach for solar thermal systems was developed. [•] Faults are detected by comparing simulated and measured energy yields. [•] Faults causing an energy loss of ca 25% can be detected. [•] A field test with three systems between 15 and 1290m2 was carried out. [•] Several faults were detected, identification of faults is more difficult. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]