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Adaptive filter techniques and the filtered-x least mean square (FxLMS) algorithm have been used in Active Noise Control (ANC) systems. However, their effectiveness may degrade due to the nonlinearities and modeling errors in the system. In this paper, a new feedback ANC system with an adaptive neural controller and variable step-size learning parameters (VSSP) is proposed to improve the performance. A nonlinear adaptive controller with the FxLMS algorithm is first designed to replace the traditional adaptive FIR filter; then, a variable step-size learning method is developed for online updating the controller parameters. The proposed control is implemented without any offline learning phase, while faster convergence and better noise elimination can be achieved. The main contribution is that we show how to analyze the stability of the proposed closed-loop ANC systems, and prove the convergence of the presented adaptations. Moreover, the computational complexities of different methods are compared. Comparative simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed methods for attenuating different noise sources transferred via nonlinear paths, and show the improved performance over classical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]