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Traditional reinforcement learning makes policy based on the current system state. However, insufficient system information and few rewards lead to its limited applicability, especially in a partially observed environment with sparse rewards. In this work, we propose a tutor-student network (TSN) for improving an agent’s performance with additional auxiliary information. In the tutor-student framework, a tutor module generates auxiliary information, while a student module refers to the tutor’s suggestion during training. The key of our proposed approach is that tutor provides prior knowledge that does not correspond to a specified environment to help the student module accelerate the learning procedure. We build twelve indoor mazes in ViZDoom including empty mazes and mazes with obstacles, evaluate the performance of TSN compared with advantage actor critic (A2C) and show that the proposed network learnt navigation faster and obtained higher accumulated rewards. More importantly, our approach could generalize well to new and unseen domains.

The article describes the processes of organizing and implementing distance learning at the Institute of Pedagogy, Psychology and Sociology of the Siberian Federal University in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The process of mastering the technology of electronic portfolio by bachelor students of the training direction “Pedagogical education”, the profile “Tutor” in the implementation of the discipline “E-portfolio in personal and professional development” is considered. The possibilities of using the means of distance educational technologies in the process of studying by students of the electronic training course “E-portfolio in personal and professional development” are presented. The methods of organizing classroom (practical) and independent work of students by the teacher in the implementation of this course using distance learning technologies are described. Examples of classes with a specific description of the stages, the distance technologies used, the actions of participants in the educational process — students and teachers; the results of students’ activities to perform part of the classroom and independent tasks of the electronic training course under consideration are presented. The results of students’ reflection on the course which was organized using the forum are presented in the article.

Continuous professional development for workers is a sure way of keeping staff with up-to-date knowledge, skills and values for effective and efficient delivery on their jobs. The case of colleges of education, the trainers of teachers, cannot be underrated. Every major decision taken by the tutor on what to teach and how to teach it, when to teach could be positively impacted if the tutor is updated on trends of events at the sector. Even though the realization of importance of CPD is getting its root among stakeholders, a number of factors militate against successful hosting of the programmes. This research was therefore conducted in 2017 to unearth the challenges and to help discover their root cause. The study employed case study approach under qualitative design. Data were collected from four principals through semi structured interviews whilst four vice principals and twelve college tutors participated through open-ended questionnaire. Manual coding was adopted under thematic analysis. It was found among other things that training logistics /inadequate funding, limited time, poor attitude due to resistant to change among staff members, inadequate supervision and motivation are the challenges confronting college-based departmentalised programmes. It was concluded that multi factors come to play in challenging the success of any CPD programme organised for the staff of the colleges of education. It recommended that a holistic approach is adopted through involvement of all stakeholders and a comprehensive study initiated into ways of combating the challenges in order to ensure sustainability. Key words: Continuous professional development, college tutors, challenges, college management.

The effectiveness of implementing Pengenalan Lapangan Persekolahan, a new program of introduction to teaching internship, for PE students, is still questionable, starting from its impact on teaching skills, learning effectiveness, and students' teaching load. Meanwhile, this point is significant in Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM). For this reason, this analytic study will criticize MBKM by providing evidence of the effectiveness of existing internships in the form of teaching skills, learning effectiveness, and students' teaching load. A total of 32 students were selected using consecutive sampling. Teaching skills were measured by observing 12 indicators and learning effectiveness was measured using Formative Class Evaluation (FCE) instrument. Anova Repeated Measure was used to analyse the data. The results show that the new program of introduction to teaching internship is not practical, proved by the progressive improvement of teaching skills followed by the ineffectiveness of the learning process. Students feel they have an overload teaching schedule, so that self-development activities are minimal, even though the tutor teachers have guided optimally. It can be concluded that the new program of introduction to teaching internship is less effective because of the overload teaching schedule in such limited time. It is then expected that the longer internship duration would enrich students' experiences under supervision and more comprehensive teaching load regulation.

We developed a pedagogy addressing both academic literacies and critical analysis where students would, with limited facilitation, actively engage with texts and each other. In this article we refl...

The article analyzes tutoring as a pedagogical phenomenon, a particular type of pedagogical activity, which is aimed at supporting and accompanying a young specialist in the process of their work in the first years of their professional activity. Attention is drawn to the fact that tutoring is aimed at a comprehensive, systematic, holistic, comprehensive, and effective study of individual characteristics of young professionals in order to develop and implement an individual educational program of professional and diverse personal development. The effectiveness of organizational and methodological principles of tutoring of young professionals in the institution of general secondary education of Ukraine according to certain criteria (organizational, motivational, pedagogical-procedural, psychological-procedural, information-technological, methodical-procedural, communicative, and cognitive ones) based on analysis, systematization, and summarizing the results of a pedagogical experiment at the national level on the topic: “Tutoring technology as a means of implementing the principle of individualization in education,” which was held in 2015–2020 (orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine as of 15.07.2015 No 764 and as of 04.12.2020 No 1499). It is proved that the tutor (mentoring teacher) does not choose goals for the young specialist but only helps him to see alternative ways to achieve them; assists in the development of necessary personal traits and professional competencies. The results of the research and experimental work showed that a young specialist forms into a professional due to the joint work of a tutor with a young specialist based on the use of tutoring technology and the support of the administration and the psychologist of the educational institution. The tutor creates an educational environment that allows a young specialist to gain new knowledge and skills, helps to solve certain problems in their activities. At the same time, the tutor helps to make the most effective use of various scientific and methodological materials, the Internet, and the practical experience of other young specialists.

The topicality of the research is caused by the reforming general secondary education, which leads to the change in approaches to the future teachers' training. The New Ukrainian School needs a new teacher with their own personal-professional qualities, the combination of which makes pedagogical image. Positive pedagogical image is an important condition for the specialist's competitiveness and a guarantee of the prestige of the educational institution in which they work. The article aims to reveal the specifics of the formation of pedagogical image of the future teachers of the New Ukrainian School. The concept of “image” is seen as a holistic image of the personality, perceived by others and allows forming general idea of its owner. The pedagogical image of a teacher is defined as a set of external and internal elements, the possession of which creates a holistic image of a highly qualified specialist. The structural model of the pedagogical image of the primary school teacher of the New Ukrainian School is interpreted as the unity of three mutually conditioned components: internal (values, emotional intelligence, basic competencies, I-concept), external (habitual, verbal, kinetic) and procedural (leadership and communication style, self-development and self-improvement, creativity, openness to changes, partnership relations, combination of functions of facilitator, tutor, coach, moderator). The program of forming positive pedagogical image of the future teacher of the New Ukrainian School has been presented as a holistic process consisting of five stages. The implementation of the mentioned program is facilitated by the use of various technologies, forms and methods, in particular, interactive technologies, the method of projects, training sessions, coaching.

Tutors as online teachers assume a significant part in the achievement of learning success. The capacity of an actual tutor is to instruct and work responsibly according to the learning objectives. The main goal of this research is to propose a decision support model (DSM) which is worked for tutor performance evaluation. Fuzzy AHP and hill climbing are the main method operated scientifically in this study, which both are utilized to analyse, design, and develop the constructed model. By utilizing log information on the Moodle platform, a study can be conducted, where the measurement of tutor performance is selected as the object of research using eleven parameters; like assignment feedback, assignment score, discussion feedback, discussion score, participation, motivation, teaching style, communication, concern, approach, and critical thinking. Later, such a model is going to be a problem solver in helping decision makers in deciding a decision to upgrade the tutors

In the programming course of our engineering design degree tutorials are the focal point of learning. This is especially so since we employ a tinkering based educational approach, in which students explore, from the very beginning, the material by self-defined projects. The assignment defines ingredients to use and sets expectations, but students are free to set their own design goals. In this setting tutorials are an important place of feedback and learning, and we developed an online platform that supports tutors during tutorials. This paper reports on the educational philosophy and underpinnings, and results from applying the tool in two first-year courses.

Assessment feedback in higher education has the potential to have an impact on the well-being of both tutors and students: tutors feel their feedback workloads, while students often engage emotiona...

This article analyzes the current situation of cultivating innovation and entrepreneurship ability among college students in China. It found that the main reasons for the lack of innovation and entrepreneurship ability are from three aspects: inadequate awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship among college students; inadequate innovation and entrepreneurship ability among the team of teachers; colleges and universities lack systematic innovation and entrepreneurship courses. The discussion will be based on these three aspects from three perspectives, which include providing more practical opportunities and a good environment, building innovation and entrepreneurship tutor teams, as well as strengthening the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship courses, in order to assist in the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship ability among college students in China.

Virtual reality simulation has had a significant impact on training of psychomotor surgical skills, yet there is still a lack of work on its use to teach surgical decision making. This is particularly noteworthy given the recognized importance of decision making in achieving positive surgical outcomes. With the objective of filling this gap, we have developed a system for teaching surgical decision making in the field of endodontics, by integrating a virtual reality simulation environment with a conversational intelligent tutor. This work presents SDMentor (Surgical Decision-making Mentor) – the first intelligent tutoring system for teaching surgical decision making. In this paper we focus on presenting the intelligent tutoring component of the training system. The design of the system and the teaching approaches are driven by information gained from an observational study of clinical teaching sessions. The tutoring system represents surgical actions and the procedure using a variant of the planning domain definition language (PDDL). Tutorial interaction places emphasis on teaching the rationale for decisions, as well as aspects of situation awareness. We evaluated the quality of the tutorial content by comparing it with tutorial feedback from ten experienced human tutors. We had three expert dental instructors rate the appropriateness of the tutorial feedback given by the human tutors as well as SDMentor over 20 scenarios. Bayesian analysis showed that tutoring interventions of SDMentor were significantly better than interventions by human tutors. To determine whether the expert scores may have been influenced by raters’ knowledge of whether interventions came from human tutors or SDMentor, we carried out a type of Turing test. Results show that the expert raters were able to correctly guess which interventions came from SDMentor only 15% of the time, compared to a random baseline accuracy of 9%.

Purpose: no one technology can support all types of teaching and learning at a distance – the most effective approach is to combine a range of technologies. Using multiple technologies ensure that all learning styles are catered for and that significant opportunities for interaction between the learner and the tutor are provided. The general objective of the study was to evaluate influence of technology type on development of instructional materials for distance education. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: From the study findings, it is concluded that learning through experience influences the creation of new values which become attitudes that have a strong impact on teacher's behavior towards e-learning technology. Therefore, the attitude and values are singled out as a separate category as well, linking together certain factors that influence them. Because of the manner of academic teaching process, the most commonly used is blended learning model where a course instructor chooses the e-learning technology based on certain elements. The practice has shown that creating a blended learning environment is not easy and that course instructors have problems in many stages of designing the virtual learning environment, from the analysis of the course requirements, analysis of the student requirements, application of instructional design model, e-learning technology use, not understanding the concept of the quality of e-learning process and many other factors.. Recommendations: The study recommends that is a need for more courses should be integrated in distance learning so as to cover all the courses offered to students. There is also need for students to enroll in practical classes for computer training. This will enable the less net savvy students to brace up so as to avoid being left behind by others. There is no doubt that a lot of pressures are facing our students when it comes to distance learning technology adoption, especially distance barrier. There is therefore, need for e-learning to be fully put in place to enable the group of students that their homes are far away from the school to participate in classes even when they are not able to make it to school. Finally, there should be availability of ICT infrastructure, the absence or inadequacy of which will totally hamper the idea of e-learning adoption in universities. There should be provision of computers and high bandwidth to enable the easy flow of classes online

Tutoring service is essential for students who require extra academic guidance in learning, especially in primary and secondary education levels. The common problems encountered by any students are the difficulties in finding the suitable tutors based on their preferred choice. The current existing web applications are still lack of responsive elements where they just only provide the fill-in form to search for the tutors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to address the inherent issue in finding suitable tutor match among the students and teachers by utilizing responsive filtering feature and SMS notification technology. The inclusion of these features is crucial to ensure that both parties informed on the appointment arrangement and status. The system known as GRAB Tutor Management System is targeted the secondary students especially the SPM candidates. This study adapts and simplifies System Development Life Cycle methodology into Three-Phase Model in designing and developing the system. The three phases are analysis, development, and evaluation phase. Each phase carries specific activities to accomplish the aim of this study and successfully delivered the proposed solution. GRAB Tutor Management System undergone a series of testing to evaluate its functionalities and acceptability. Functionality testing involved four expert and novice users, meanwhile user acceptance testing was conducted with 30 participants of secondary schoolteachers and students. The functionality test result revealed that all features are well functioned and successfully delivered. The user acceptance testing result indicates positive acceptance with the overall mean score is 4.64, which shown that the participants are agreed that this system is acceptable, easy to use and useful. It is proven that this study has successfully delivered a web-based Grab Tutor Management System with SMS Notifications that is useful for the tutors and students

In a study I conducted in local private higher education institutions, it was observed that the most important reasons for student retention are outstanding personalized attention by tutors, school authorities, staff and professors, followed by the economic factor and academic achievement. So, quality in attention is the first step for creating a positive learning environment for students to engage in their own learning, making schools become places where talent and opportunities meet. Then, more than thinking in retaining students through financial strategies, marketing efforts or trying to amaze them with impressive buildings and facilities, there must be better academic tutoring and vocational orientation, less students per tutor and more effectiveness for solving their problems, also eliminating useless remedial courses. Close and frequent relation with school authorities is very important for enhancing confidence.

The topical problem of using the tutoring system of education and upbringing of student youth during the introduction of distance learning has been considered. The purpose of the article is to investigate the role of a tutor in the formation of professional competence of students in the training of future health and safety specialists during the introduction of distance learning. The main types of distance learning technologies have been analyzed, which allows to carry out distance learning, not only without losing the quality of learning, but on the contrary improving it through individualization, active learning methods, bilateral interaction between a teacher and a student. The author substantiates the advantages of introducing distance learning to prevent the complication of the epidemiological situation and the creation of favorable learning conditions in the context of the spread of COVID-19. The peculiarities of the work of a tutor in the conditions of online learning have been described. It has been established that the introduction of distance learning via the Internet, with periodic counseling of students by teachers-consultants (coordinators, tutors) – is a resource to fully ensure the level of knowledge acquisition and skills necessary for future professional activity and further career growth labor protection specialists. The author reveals the essence of the concept of «tutor». The importance of a tutor in the application of distance learning in higher education institutions is theoretically substantiated. It has been established that a tutor is a key figure in the distance learning process. The responsibilities, roles, functions and tasks of a tutor in modern educational conditions, to ensure the quality of educational services in higher education institutions and to achieve the goal of education are highlighted. The pedagogical conditions of training, which are realized by a teacher (tutor), during the introduction of distance learning, during the professional training of future specialists of occupational safety in order to obtain a competent specialist, are presented. It has been estimated that the role of a teacher (tutor) is expanding and updating in the system of distance education. It has been established that a teacher (tutor) coordinates the cognitive process using various forms of interaction (seminars, webinars, video-lectures, video-conferences), improves digital educational content, provides meaningful advice, manages educational projects and other.

The concept of "motivation" and modern theories of learning motivation are theoretically substantiated and described: expectancy-value theory, attribution theory, social-cognitive theory, goal orientation theory, self-determination theory. Teaching strategies and pedagogical conditions that motivate students to educational and cognitive activities in the online environment, taking into account the theory of self-determination, are determined. In particular, in order to succeed in mastering something new, a student must feel competent (acquire the appropriate skills to perform practical tasks), related (feel belonging and attachment to groups or individuals), autonomous (feel that he/she controls his/her behavior and is responsible for its goals, capable of self-learning). The pedagogical conditions for the formation of positive motivation and involvement of students in learning online are substantiated and determined, namely: giving a student the opportunity to be an accomplice in the learning process; structuring educational materials in accordance with learning objectives; promoting student initiative and creativity, ensuring group activities and a multidimensional assessment system. The key to fulfilling the pedagogical conditions is the teacher's motivation to implement online learning at the level of the course author, mentor and tutor for higher education students. External and internal factors of motivation of teachers for introduction of elements of distance (online) and mixed (alternation of online and offline) training by teachers in the educational process of establishments of higher education are defined. Experimentally confirmed: positive impact on the motivation of the implemented online learning strategies and pedagogical conditions; revealed a significant direct relationship between the student's ability to self-development and self-learning and his/her motivation for online learning

Education is the right of all Indonesian citizens guaranteed in Constitution of the Republic Indonesia, including children who are in criminal status. Criminal children are placed in LPKA with a maximum age of 18 years with compulsory education for 9 years. LPKA Batam provides assistance to the package C equivalence program aimed at fulfilling the learning program from the government even though it is in the status of a criminal child. LPKA is conducting moderation in the field of education, namely by online learning related to outbreak of COVID-19 since early 2020 when government implementing the PSBB policy. One of the education programs at LPKA Batam is the package C equivalency learning assistance program wich one subjects is mathematics. The problems in the learning process are the different initial abilities of students and limitations in terms of convenience and flexibility of learning while online. Thus, tutors use Google Meet for virtual meeting learning by providing material in the form of PPT or LKS. The tutor teaches understanding of mathematical concepts according to the curriculum and fosters learning motivation for the target children who take part in the package C equivalence program. At the end of the lesson, the tutor provides an evaluation of the material given as much as one question and is completed directly at the meeting. During the learning process students are very enthusiastic about receiving the material, students can solve r outine questions well, but need more assistance in solving non-routine questions. The implementation of the package C equivalence program mentoring activities in mathematics at LPKA Batam went well as seen from the responses of students who played an active role from the beginning to the end of the activity

Arabic learning amid the Covid-19 pandemic has changed offline to online. At the same time, the government launched a merdeka belajar (freedom to learn) program. Therefore, activities that support Arabic learning are needed. This article aimed to describe the tutors' and students' activities to improve the student’s Arabic skills at UIN Antasari Banjarmasin from freedom to learn perspective. A descriptive qualitative method was used by collecting data using a survey towards students, and interviews with tutors and Language Development Unit (UPB) staff. The results of this study described tutors' and students' activities in online Arabic learning. Tutors' activities are described by the personality of tutors, teaching materials, media, methods, and learning motivation. The students' activities are described by the process of online Arabic learning and the efforts made to improve their Arabic skills. Based on tutors' and students' activities, it was found that tutors and students applied a good learning culture through activities that support the mastery of Arabic in listening, speaking, reading, and writing.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic gave rise to swift and unprecedented changes in practice in pre-service teacher preparation programmes. Providers of pre-service education have made pragmatic adaptations to course provision, including adopting the practice of ‘remote’ visits to schools to assess pre-service teachers during practicum and to meet and discuss the pre-service teachers’ practice with school-based mentors. Taking the form of a case study, this paper explores the views of University Tutors in relation to the impact of the use of remote school visits on the training experience. Seven University Tutors from a university in the North West of England delivering a Secondary Postgraduate Certificate in Education Course with Qualified Teacher Status responded to the invitation to participate. The data, gathered from written statements from participants, highlights that changing practices have seen increased opportunities for developing pre-service teachers’ autonomy and reflective practice and opportunities for University Tutors to ‘see’ mentors more frequently, and build relationships. There is evidence of shifts in agency that may have the possibility of enriching pre-service teachers’ experiences and facilitating opportunities for reflective practice and critical discussions. However, whilst the paper reports that shifts in agency within the training triad has the potential to be liberating, it also reports potential concerns with regard to equality within the training and assessment process. In accessing University Tutor voices about matters that involve them, this paper draws attention to both the challenges and opportunities faced by providers of pre-service education in the absence of accessing school settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Further & Higher Education is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents gamification of the learning process in higher education as a means of forming various competencies in students through the possibilities open by digital technologies. It also contains a brief description of the components of game dynamics as part of their outline created by teachers and students.

The growing number of freelance marketplaces allows students to earn extra money as tutors. The hyper-competitive nature in the marketplaces forces students to compete with non-student tutors in order to get clients (Popiel, 2017). Non-student tutors may be better equipped with a lot of experiences. However, all freelance tutors need to post impressive ads to get their clients, particularly in a niche subject such as Japanese language. The present study explores the differences of information put in ads between student tutors and non-student tutors on a tutor marketplace, Superprof. Content analysis (Cohen et al, 2011) was used to identify categories of information in the ads. The results show that there were 11 categories of information including tutors’ name, origin, current employment status, education background, language proficiency certificate, course level, course type, rhetoric, experience in Japan, coverage area, and availability. The data were then analyzed statistically to find the categories of information with a significant difference. It shows that both groups have difference in putting information related to their current employment status (t = 3.88, p < 0.001, d = 1.05) and their education background (t = 2.78, p < 0.005, d = 0.75). The implication of the study is that student tutors tend to value their relationship with academic institutions and make it as a bargaining power to market their skills in the marketplace.

A hologram tutor is an instructional medium that has promising potential to serve as a substitute for actual teachers in classroom learning. Commonly, actual humans are used as the characters for the hologram tutor. Doubtlessly, this choice has its own advantages. However, in terms of development, it involves difficult and complicated steps. Utilizing 3D cartoon characters can be an alternative for developing a hologram tutor. However, a question arises about learners’ acceptance and experience of a hologram tutor in 3D cartoon-like human form. Thus, the purpose of this research is to design and develop a 3D cartoon-like hologram tutor and examine aspects of the user experience (UX). The User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) was used to acquire responses from students once they had completed the learning session with the hologram tutor. Particularly, the experiment was carried out on 30 university students (N = 30). From the results, it can be concluded that the UX level with a 3D cartoon-like hologram tutor was promising and positive. Therefore, this form kind of hologram tutor is a potential alternative for actual human characters in designing the hologram tutor medium.

Aims: To recover the international experiencies of the tutors of the master’s degree in Nursing of National Autonomous University of Mexico to identify the vision and attitudes they show towards the international development of students in training. Metodology: Descriptive, non-experimental, and transactional research involved both program descriptive information and interview with five tutors selected for their international career, mentoring and availability. Results: It was identified that the main task of the tutor is to know the interests, motivations, and limitations of each student to achieve their profesional skills and promote them towards internationalization and multidisciplinary collaboration in their career. With these findings it is posible to identify the decisions that tutors can make, as well as gaps within the same tutoring to promote international studies among tutoring. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the figure of the tutor certainly ceases to be only a professional guide, to become a motivating entity that seeks for the student to overcome and reach different goals that are much more demanding among them; therefore, the personal and professional experiences of the tutor and his/her own perspective of the tutoring become the pillars of the metamorphosis that occurs in the stuent during the period of his/her master’s degree.

Online learning and assessments have become an integral part of education systems around the world. Online education and learning stand out as one of the important applications of cognitive computing where artificial intelligence - based models can be built by taking into account cognitive abilities of the students such as working memory, retention power, reasoning skills etc. The systems used for online assessment can be better designed considering some factors effecting learning environments and cognitive abilities of the learners. These factors such as sleep hours, time of the day, noise level, environment settings and mood etc. are closely linked with his/ her cognitive skills and affective state which in turn may effect performance in online assessment. This paper attempts to identify the effect of mood, sleep hours, time of the day and energy level on the performance of engineering students in an online assessment in India. The students have attempted the test on Moodle (2.9.0) in three sessions in a day viz. morning, afternoon and late afternoon. Sleep hours and energy level have been captured using a set of questions embedded within the online test items. Mood has been captured by the pictorial representation of various moods using robotic characters during the test. One -way ANOVA has been used as statistical measure to test various hypotheses. The study reported that sleep hours and perceived energy level during various times of the day had no significant effect on the performance of students. However, mood and time of the day had an impact on the students’ performance. Higher number of students performed the best in the morning hours of the day. Also, students with positive moods performed better than students who reported negative mood. The findings from this study can be used for designing a framework of an adaptive tutor based on cognitive skills for teaching different subjects to students.

This study investigated the perceptions of science and math educators and their students at the Lebanese University related to online teaching and learning during the Covid-19 lockdown. For this purpose, two questionnaires were elaborated and validated based on two theoretical frameworks: The Community of inquiry for online learning environments and the Online collaborative learning theory. 35 educators (14 math and 21 science) and 245 students (109 math and 136 science) participated. Results showed that both science and math educators, with no significant difference between them, adjusted their courses for online teaching utilizing new resources shared with students. Online teaching allowed them to create an interactive community that encouraged students to explore concepts, construct explanations, apply and reflect on their learning. Both science and math students agreed that online learning enabled them to be more independent to explore new ideas and reflect on them with the instructor playing the role of a tutor rather than a knowledge transformer. The findings imply that online environment can allow active learning, and can provide the opportunity for students to acquire skills like, problem solving, critical thinking and collaboration. Further research is recommended related to critical thinking in online environment.

present paper addresses the issue of formation of foundations of pedagogical skills of future teachers. Due to the requirements of the concept of a New Ukrainian School, since a modern school needs a successful teacher who can solve professional problems in the quality of teaching, the use of interactive technologies in the educational process, and the establishment of its interaction between actors based on parity and cooperation. The article aims to determine the essence and components of teacher’s pedagogical skills and the peculiarities of their formation among the future teachers. The realization of the goal requires solving the following problems: 1) to reveal the essence of pedagogical skill and structure: 2) to offer various types of tasks to form the foundations of students’ pedagogical excellence. We used scientific methods of analysis, synthesis to clarify the essence and components of professional competence of future teachers, the definition of interactive methods and techniques for their effective formation in students; methods of generalization and systematization to formulate views on the interpretation of the essence of the concept of «pedagogical skills of a teacher». We defined the following teacher’s pedagogical skills as one of the most important and interconnected at each level of teacher training and self-improvement: readiness to perform professional pedagogical activity; integrating pedagogical creativity; professionally essential qualities; individual and activity components of pedagogical skills. We proposed tasks to form the individual (professionally important qualities) and activity (build a competent model, create a «value profile of an individual», readiness to fulfil the professional role as a teacher − innovator, coach, facilitator, tutor, mentor) components of future teacher’s pedagogical skills. We emphasize the importance of using pedagogical empowerment as future teachers’ ability to demonstrate pedagogical skills and confident implementation of professional activities.

This collaboration between the dance and learning technology departments at Bath Spa University, sought to develop a dance repertoire module with the use of mobile technologies, in order to enhance collaborative and discursive opportunities for students. The introduction of mobile technologies into a face-to-face teaching environment initiated a blended model of teaching and learning whereby the technology became a partner to the existing practice. The module was taught within the first year of the BA(Hons) Dance course, with 39 female and three male undergraduate students participating over a two-year period.\ud \ud The purpose of the project was to apply specialist ICT knowledge to teaching spaces, in order to diversify established practices. In light of this purpose, the project design was driven by Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) whereby historically established working methods are brought to question through a new tool; the mobile application ‘Coach’s Eye’. Through the collection of tutor observations, student journals and post-project interviews, it was clear that Coach’s Eye had facilitated a more democratic environment and greater range of activity. The extent to which the addition of technologically-supported learning improved student engagement and enhanced the learning would require further research utilising data designed for that purpose.

In a writing centre, learning takes place during conversations between the writing-centre tutor and the student. This interaction is an integral part of writing-centre research and is the focus of ...

The role of systemic functional grammar (SFG) is usually investigated in postgraduate courses and in-service programmes with experienced teachers. In contrast, this study examines the impact of SFG on student-teachers’ professional development in a pre-service second language teacher education programme in Argentina. Framed in teacher research and ecological perspectives, a tutor examined the perceptions of a group of student-teachers during the course of an academic year in a mandatory SFG module which favoured content and language integrated learning (CLIL) and metalinguistic knowledge. Data were collected through student-teachers’ evaluations, summaries of group discussions, coursework samples, and whole class discussions as inherent parts of the module dynamics. Student-teachers’ perceptions indicated that SFG had a positive effect on content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the ICT and reflective practice integration in teacher preparation at Primary Teachers Colleges and to establish whether these practices were among the constructivist approaches being used to teach students. Methodology: This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of tutors and students in light of constructivists’ teaching. It involved 3 PTCs and 15 participants who were purposively sampled. This study used a qualitative research design. Data was gathered using in-depth multiple interviews and analyzed following Moustakas (1994) procedure. Findings: Data analysis and results revealed that tutor‘s continue to rely on traditional approaches in both instruction and supervision of school practice. The colleges are in a nascent stage in the integration of ICT and reflective practice in education being accustomed to traditional instructional practices and lack of motivation and knowledge among tutors to adopt ICT in teaching. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This research study adds to the body of knowledge suggesting ways in which constructivists’ teaching supports teaching effectiveness and promotes students’ learning amplifying the need for ICT and reflective practice integration in instruction. The study recommends establishing and setting up Reflective Practice Laboratories in Primary Teachers Colleges for tutors and students induction on several constructivists’ practices that include systematic reflection, clinical supervision, use and integration of ICT and other interventions in a proper and professional setting

Tutor's Ability to Utilize Learning Media for Bridal Makeup Training Program at LKP Ulfah Karawang. The ability of tutors to use instructional media at the time of implementation is already in the skilled stage. In conducting the training there are three stages, namely planning, implementation and evaluation. The cosmetology training plan includes initial preparation with activities that include preparing modules as teaching material to be delivered by tutors, reviewing the material to be delivered and preparing examples of Sundanese-style bridal fashion and facial sketch media. In the implementation of tutors utilizing media that has been prepared beforehand, and in the delivery of material the tutor uses examples of Sundanesestyle bridal clothing and facial sketch media. The next stage is evaluation, the evaluation is centered on the tutor because only the tutor evaluates. Evaluation is carried out at each meeting to determine the ability of learning citizens. The overall evaluation was conducted at the last meeting, namely the makeup competency test. The overall evaluation phase tutors judge based on the results because if the results are appropriate then the makeup technique is correct and the media utilization is correct. The inhibiting factor in utilizing the learning media of LKP Ulfah's bridal make up training program comes from internal and external factors. Internal factors that arise obstacles are the nature of what it is in utilizing learning media, while the external factor is the limited space and the limited media used. In preparation, implementation and follow-up in utilizing tutor learning media is less than optimal.Keywords: the ability of tutors, learning media

AI-based educational technologies may be most welcome in classrooms when they align with teachers' goals, preferences, and instructional practices. Teachers, however, have scarce time to make such customizations themselves. How might the crowd be leveraged to help time-strapped teachers? Crowdsourcing pipelines have traditionally focused on content generation. It is an open question how a pipeline might be designed so the crowd can succeed in a revision/customization task. In this paper, we explore an initial version of a teacher-guided crowdsourcing pipeline designed to improve the adaptive math hints of an AI-based tutoring system so they fit teachers' preferences, while requiring minimal expert guidance. In two experiments involving 144 math teachers and 481 crowdworkers, we found that such an expert-guided revision pipeline could save experts' time and produce better crowd-revised hints (in terms of teacher satisfaction) than two comparison conditions. The revised hints however, did not improve on the existing hints in the AI tutor, which were carefully-written but still have room for improvement and customization. Further analysis revealed that the main challenge for crowdworkers may lie in understanding teachers' brief written comments and implementing them in the form of effective edits, without introducing new problems. We also found that teachers preferred their own revisions over other sources of hints, and exhibited varying preferences for hints. Overall, the results confirm that there is a clear need for customizing hints to individual teachers' preferences. They also highlight the need for more elaborate scaffolds so the crowd can have specific knowledge of the requirements that teachers have for hints. The study represents a first exploration in the literature of how to support crowds with minimal expert guidance in revising and customizing instructional materials.

In laboratory study environments, dialogue-videos, or videos of a tutor and a tutee solving problems together, have been shown to more effectively improve student learning than monologue-videos, or videos of tutors solving problems alone. Yet, few studies have replicated these findings in the context of authentic university classrooms. Here, we investigate the impact of dialogue-videos, and more specifically the effect of errors made by tutees in dialogue-videos, on student learning in the context of an undergraduate biology course. To understand why, we investigated students’ effort spent on watching videos, perceived influence of dialogue-videos, and worksheet completion rates. We found that higher-performing students perceived that they used the dialogue-videos to review content. We also found that higher-performing, but not lower-performing, students learned better from dialogue videos where tutees made errors. We also discuss the complexities of replicating laboratory studies in the classroom and implications of our findings. Implications for practice or policy: Tutee errors can be intentionally included in dialogue-videos to promote student learning. When students lack the necessary prior knowledge, monologue-videos may be more effective in presenting the course content. When using dialogue-videos, instructors can encourage students to collaborate to resolve any confusion in time to maximise the benefit of dialogue-videos in teaching and learning.

Teaching other students in a face-to-face manner has been shown to effectively foster both one’s own and their learning. This study experimentally investigated whether and how tutors and tutees academically benefit from three phases of face-to-face teaching: preparing-to-teach, initial-explanation, and interaction phases. Japanese undergraduates (n = 80) acted as tutors or tutees in peer tutoring. After studying with the expectation of teaching face-to-face or taking a test (the preparing-to-teach phase), tutor participants provided tutee participants with initial instructional explanations, without asking or answering questions (the initial-explanation phase), and then engaged in a question-and-answer period (the interaction phase). Tutor and tutee participants learned better by providing and receiving higher-quality explanations in the initial-explanation and interaction phases. Face-to-face teaching vs. test expectancy had no effects on the quality of tutor participants’ explanations or their learning outcomes. The results suggest that both the initial-explanation and interaction phases contribute to learning by teaching face-to-face, whereas the preparing-to-teach phase does not.

Although participation in academic speaking events is a key to developing disciplinary understanding, students for whom English is a second language may have limited access to these learning events due to an increasingly dialogic and active higher education pedagogy which places considerable demands on their oracy skills. Drawing on the Oracy Skills Framework we explore disciplinary tutors’ and students’ expectations of oracy skills required for disciplinary study. An analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data found that disciplinary tutors placed importance on the cognitive dimension of oracy skills such as argumentation and asking questions, whilst students placed importance on linguistic accuracy. The findings also suggest that tutors and students lack a shared metalanguage to talk about oracy skills. We argue that a divergence of expectations and lack of shared terminology can result in compromising students’ access to valuable classroom dialogue. The paper concludes with a number of practical suggestions through which both tutors and students can increase their understanding of oracy skills.

This article summarizes a student-led effort to improve tutor group interactions among second-year medical students in a hybrid problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum. Dissatisfaction with PBL had led to superficial tutorial discussions that students escaped to study for board certification exams. Following the PBL principle of using intrinsically motivating problems, the student investigators created board-style questions with accompanying facilitation guides for tutors to present as ‘mini-problems’ to stimulate case-related discussion. Tutor groups used and enjoyed the questions, but interaction quality did not improve. Like the hybrid curriculum itself, the intervention embodied conflicting educational philosophies; implementation challenges reflected the tension between them.

In this study we use a case study approach to investigate what kinds of resources were self-reported to have been selected by students working on their Challenge-Based bachelor end projects, and how they used and orchestrated these resources. In a previous study, we had explored students’ use of resources and their Actual Student Study Paths in Calculus and Linear Algebra courses (Pepin and Kock 2019); in this study we turned to students working on their Challenge-Based bachelor end projects. Results show that the students working on Challenge-Based projects used resources outside the realm of curriculum resources offered to them in traditional courses, and the Actual Student Study Paths were iterative. We contend that ‘linear’ study paths (found e.g. in traditionally taught Linear Algebra courses) appeared to have been beneficial for students for studying particular mathematical content, which they needed for solving open challenges. In the Challenge-Based projects, the crucial resource emerged to be the tutor. We claim that this has implications for the introduction of a more Challenge-Based curriculum, where such projects would be the norm, both in terms of the professionalization of university teachers (who coach students through such projects), and for the education of students who opt for such projects: teachers have to be supported to develop as appropriate coaches in such complex environments; students have to become self-directed learners, and need to be supported with challenged-based trained coaches and teachers, in addition to be provided with suitable curricular, technological, and social resources.

Effective student support is key in stemming the dropout in distance education. This article reports on the student support provision in a hybrid teacher education programme. Altogether 160 participants were purposively selected; 126 completed a survey, 33 (30 students and 3 administrative staff) took part in six focus group discussions; and one instructional designer took part in a one-on-one interview. Tait’s framework on student support guided the study. The data analysis involved descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that, although the institution is striving to support its students, areas that need attention include call centre services, tutor support services, tutor-student communication, and funding. Recommendations include the need for providers to pay particular attention to students’ whole experience to ensure effective student support. Further research is needed regarding the contextualisation of each aspect of Tait’s framework; the author suggests some guidelines to guide this process.

Introduction. The article presents an overview of the functions of teachers who were involved in the provision of tutor support to students and thus had to learn how to perform this process to solve the problem of individualization of the learning process in UK universities. The aim of the article is to identify the ways of assisting British teachers who provided tutor support to students during the process of planning and realization of their personal development. Materials and Methods. The study employed the following methods: the theoretical analysis of international scientific literature; the method of comparison of the cultural and educational environments of universities; the method of summarizing the difficulties of university teachers and the ways of supporting them. Results. The authors have found out the main reasons which influenced the level of involvement of university teachers in the provision of tutor support to students; have summarized the difficulties of the teachers connected with adopting this pedagogical innovative practice; have identified the ways of supporting the teachers, which helped them to overcome difficulties. The conducted analysis of the experience of UK universities concerning the implementation of students’ personal development planning may be of use to Russian universities in realizing students’ individual educational paths as well as the governing bodies of the system of higher education in developing the ways of supporting teachers in performing their tutor duties. Conclusions. The authors conclude that university teachers play a major role in the provision of tutor support to students who are planning their personal development. The authors have shown that in order to perform this function successfully UK universities have developed a number of ways of supporting university teachers.

The aim of the research is to automate tutoring activities in higher education institutions. The developed module of the program “Tutor’s Diary” will automate the implementation of educational and methodological activities of the tutor in higher educational institutions with students in the framework of educational programs.

This study investigated the effect of a robot tutor’s feedback valence (positive feedback and negative feedback) and attributional style (internal-attribution and external-attribution) on learners. A Nao robot was designed to be a dance tutor that taught participants dance movements and gave performance feedback. Thirty-six graduate and undergraduate students participated in the experiments and were divided into two groups: an internal-attribution group and an external-attribution group. Participants in each group received both positive and negative feedback. The results indicated that the participants were more likely to accept positive feedback than negative feedback. In addition, they perceived greater influence by positive feedback than negative feedback. Moreover, participants did not the demonstrate self-serving attributional bias. They attributed more blame to themselves than to the robot for negative performance, whereas no difference was observed in the attribution of credit between the robot and the participants. Furthermore, the internal-attribution robot tutor was more likely to be regarded as a training coach instead of a training tool than the external-attribution robot tutor. Finally, participants reported a higher relationship closeness with the internal-attribution robot tutor than the external-attribution robot tutor.

Tutors are the most powerful and influential contributors to the achievement of teacher education curriculum objectives. Tutor beliefs about a knowledge-based curriculum upon which academic rationalism is premised is paramount in intellectual development of teacher trainees. This study sought to determine tutors’ preference on the choice of instructional approaches; to determine tutors’ level of academic rationalism orientation; and to determine the relationship between tutors’ academic rationalism orientation and choice of instructional approaches. This study adopted a correlational design with a mixed methods approach. Tutors’ questionnaire, HODs’ interview guide, classroom observation and document analysis were used to collect data. Sample population involved 178 tutors, 35 HODs, 20 classrooms and 4 documents purposively sampled from five primary teacher training colleges in Kenya. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the study variables as per the study objectives. The study found that there was a significant relationship between tutors’ academic rationalism orientation and the choice of instructional approaches they used. However, despite tutors’ beliefs on knowledge-based curriculum, there was found to exist methodological gaps as tutors experienced challenges in supervising teacher trainees during teaching practice and in comprehensive coverage of the syllabus involving the practical component. The study concluded that there is need to improve teacher management and professional development so as to improve the quality of education in primary teacher training colleges in Kenya. The study recommended review of deployment of tutors by Teachers Service Commission (TSC) to primary teachers training colleges to capture tutors who have undergone training in teacher education methodology. The study also recommended regular in-service training for tutors to update their skills on the current trends on use of learner centered instructional approaches.

Indonesian language learning institute for foreign learners emphasizes on increasing the experiences and skills of foreigners to speak Indonesian in the real context. One of the models used to achieve this is by optimizing the learning process. Therefore, this research studied the learning model and its impact on the perceptions, satisfaction, and outcomes using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The sample study consists of 21 foreign learners and 10 tutors. Data were obtained from the experiential-tutorial learning, scores of perception, satisfaction, and outcomes through interviews, questionnaires, and tutor assessment on the speaking abilities recorded on document sheets. The study found that the experiential-tutorial learning was developed based on the learners’ daily communication needs. The statistical analysis results showed that the average scores of their perception, satisfaction, and learning outcomes were in the high category. Therefore, foreign learners have a good perception and high learning satisfaction in conducting experiential-tutorial learning to increase their outcomes. These findings indicate that experiential-tutorial learning is an effective model for foreign language learners.

Jim Greer and his colleagues argued that student modelling is essential to provide adaptive instruction in tutoring systems and showed that effective modelling is possible, despite being enormously challenging. Student modelling plays a prominent role in many intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) that address problem-solving domains. However, considerably less attention has been paid to using a student model to personalize instruction in tutorial dialogue systems (TDSs)—ITSs that engage students in natural-language, conceptual discussions. This paper describes Rimac, a TDS that tightly couples student modelling with tutorial dialogues about conceptual physics. Rimac is distinct from other TDSs insofar as it dynamically builds a persistent student model that guides reactive and proactive decision making in order to provide adaptive instruction. An initial pilot study set in high school physics classrooms compared a control version of Rimac without a student model with an experimental version that implemented a “poor man’s student model”; that is, the model was initialized using students’ pretest scores but not updated further. Both low and high prior knowledge students showed significant pretest to posttest learning gains. However, high prior knowledge students who used the experimental version of Rimac learned more efficiently than high prior knowledge students who used the control version. Specifically, high prior knowledge students who used the student model driven tutor took less time to complete the intervention but learned a similar amount as students who used the control version. A subsequent study found that both high and low prior knowledge students learned more efficiently from a version of the tutor that dynamically updates its student model during dialogues than from a control version that included the static “poor man’s student model.” We discuss future work needed to improve the performance of Rimac’s student model and to integrate TDSs in the classroom.

Authors of the study analyze key characteristics of tutor support for students with special educational needs in the context of inclusive education. An activity model of tutor support based on the analysis of foreign and domestic research is proposed. The main goal of presented model is to create conditions for the development of active position of the individual. Individual cases of tutor support for students with autism spectrum disorders and behavioral and mental characteristics that determine various difficulties of their inclusion in the educational process are considered in the article. Due to the mentioned aspects, the problem of tutor support is actualized. Case analysis shows the relevance of a tutor's work within the framework of an activity-based approach to provide conditions for the development of a conscious involvement of students in the educational process as well as the development of an active position. Present situation requires additional research.

Researched is the problem of the use of computer technologies in the activities of a teacher-psychologist in remote interaction with students with the aim of formation of effective learning process. The relevance of the issue lies in the complexity of the current social, economic and geopolitical situation, which ambiguously affects the educational process and the work of teachers in the current conditions. By creating specialized constructs using computer technologies, a teacher-psychologist can work much more widely and with the greatest coverage with those subjects of the educational process who are interested in this or for whom psychological support is an important element of normal life, stabilizing their psychological state and comfortable behavior in society. The research is aimed at studying the experience of teachers-psychologists in regional universities who present specialized computer programs for remote testing of students and teachers (students and faculty), as well as evaluating these constructs and developing recommendations for diversifying solutions in adapting such tests to real University practice in order to increase their effectiveness. In conclusion, we developed a construct for evaluating the effectiveness of remote work of a teacher-psychologist in higher education when analyzing psychological problems of university audience.

Due to digitalization of the economy students of higher educational organizations must possess digital competencies, both for the performance of professional duties and for learning in a digital environment. Adult learners are a heterogeneous audience, and have different levels of readiness to study in the electronic information educational environment (EIEE). Most of the adult learners need tutor support for their educational activities. The functions of a tutor are defined in standards, but they depend on the age, psychological, social, and professional characteristics of the students. The article aims to analyze the functions of tutoring support for lifelong education of adults in the electronic education environment. Difficulties in distance and blended learning are determined; the typical problems the adult students face with when completing additional professional programs are named. The typical functions of tutor support for different categories of adult learners are inductively identified and described. The experience of implementing the functions of tutors in the framework of the federal project “New Opportunities for Everyone” of the national project “Education” on the basis of the South Ural State University (National Research University) is systematized.

The article discusses the issues of organizing design and educational research activities of students using tutoring. The relevance of this topic is due to the need for high-quality implementation of the Federal State Educational Standards of General Education, which formulate the task of forming and developing design and research skills of students. The authors propose criteria and tools for diagnosing the success of tutor support, tested in pedagogical practice, cite the results of diagnostics, testifying to the positive influence of tutor support on the formation of schoolchildren’s internal motives and a steady interest in design and research, on the improvement of students’ skills in choosing a topic and formulating a project and research problem, on an increase in the quality of finished works. The article was prepared on the basis of research materials carried out in 2018–2021 in Ulyanovsk Gymnasium No. 34.

Highlights • We design and develop an intelligent tutoring system to encourage students to learn through experimentation. • We allow to work at higher levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy with the designed intelligent tutoring system. • We use artificial intelligence and fuzzy rules to design and develop the learning instructor. • We establish foundations to build intelligent tutoring system that allow to learn through experimentation., The way in which people learn and institutions teach is changing due to the ever-increasing impact of technology. People access the Internet anywhere, anytime and request online training. This has brought about the creation of numerous online learning platforms which offer comprehensive and effective educational solutions which are 100% online. These platforms benefit from intelligent tutoring systems that help and guide students through the learning process, emulating the behavior of a human tutor. However, these systems give the student little freedom to experiment with the knowledge of the subject, that is, they do not allow him/her to propose and carry out tasks on his/her own initiative. They are very restricted systems in term of what the student can do, as the tasks are defined in advance. An intelligent tutoring system is proposed in this paper to encourage students to learn through experimentation, proposing tasks on their own initiative, which involves putting into use all the skills, abilities tools and knowledge needed to successfully solve them. This system has been designed developed and applied for learning predictive parsing techniques and has been used by Computer Science students during four academic courses to evaluate its suitability for improving the student’s learning process.