1. Time to Switch to Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand
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Goetghebuer T, Hainaut M, Van der Kelen E, Delforge M, Warszawski J, Le Chenadec J, Ramos E, Dialla O, Wack T, Laurent C, Selmi L, Leymarie I, Benali F, Brossard M, Boufassa L, Floch-Tudal C, Firtion G, Hau I, Chace A, Bolot P, Blanche S, Granier M, Labrune P, Lachassine E, Dollfus C, Levine M, Fourcade C, Heller-Roussin B, Runel-Belliard C, Tricoire J, Monpoux F, Chirouze C, Reliquet V, Brouard J, Kebaili K, Fialaire P, Lalande M, Mazingue F, Partisani M, Koenigs C, Schultze-Strasser S, Baumann U, Niehues T, Neubert J, Kobbe R, Feiterna-Sperling C, Buchholz B, Notheis G, Spoulou V, Tovo P, Galli L, Chiappini E, Patrizia O, Larovere D, Ruggeri M, Faldella G, Baldi F, Badolato R, Montagnani C, Venturini E, Lisi C, Di Biagio A, Taramasso L, Giacomet V, Erba P, Esposito S, Lipreri R, Salvini F, Tagliabue C, Cellini M, Bruzzese E, Lo Vecchio A, Rampon O, Dona D, Romano A, Dodi I, Maccabruni A, Consolini R, Bernardi S, Genovese O, Olmeo P, Cristiano L, Mazza A, Garazzino S, Pellegatta A, Pajkrt D, Scherpbier H, Weijsenfeld A, van der Plas A, Jurriaans S, Back N, Zaaijer H, Berkhout B, Cornelissen M, Schinkel C, Wolthers K, Fraaij P, van Rossum A, van der Knaap L, Visser E, Boucher C, Koopmans M, van Kampen J, Pas S, Henriet S, de Flier M, van Aerde K, Strik-Albers R, Rahamat-Langendoen J, Stelma F, Scholvinck E, de Groot-de Jonge H, Niesters H, van Leer-Buter C, Knoester M, Bont L, Geelen S, Wolfs T, Nauta N, Ang C, van Houdt R, Pettersson A, Vandenbroucke-Grauls C, Reiss P, Bezemer D, van Sighem A, Smit C, Wit F, Boender T, Zaheri S, Hillebregt M, de Jong A, Bergsma D, Grivell S, Jansen A, Raethke M, Meijering R, de Groot L, van den Akker M, Bakker Y, Claessen E, El Berkaoui A, Koops J, Kruijne E, Lodewijk C, Munjishvili L, Peeck B, Ree C, Regtop R, Ruijs Y, Rutkens T, Schoorl M, Timmerman A, Tuijn E, Veenenberg L, van der Vliet S, Wisse A, Woudstra T, Tuk B, Marczynska M, Oldakowska A, Popielska J, Coupland U, Doroba M, Marques L, Teixeira C, Fernandes A, Prata F, Ene L, Gingaras C, Radoi R, Okhonskaia L, Voronin E, Miloenko M, Labutina S, Soler-Palacin P, Antoinette Frick M, Perez-Hoyos S, Mur A, Lopez N, Mendez M, Mayol L, Vallmanya T, Calavia O, Garcia L, Coll M, Pineda V, Rius N, Rovira N, Duenas J, Fortuny C, Noguera-Julian A, Jose Mellado M, Escosa L, Garcia Hortelano M, Sainz T, Isabel Gonzalez-Tome M, Rojo P, Blazquez D, Tomas Ramos J, Prieto L, Guillen S, Luisa Navarro M, Saavedra J, Santos M, Angeles Munoz M, Ruiz B, Fernandez Mc Phee C, Jimenez de Ory S, Alvarez S, Angel Roa M, Beceiro J, Martinez J, Badillo K, Apilanez M, Pocheville I, Garrote E, Colino E, Gomez Sirvent J, Garzon M, Roman V, Montesdeoca A, Mateo M, Jose Munoz M, Angulo R, Neth O, Falcon L, Terol P, Luis Santos J, Moreno D, Lendinez F, Grande A, Jose Romero F, Perez C, Lillo M, Losada B, Herranz M, Bustillo M, Guerrero C, Collado P, Antonio Couceiro J, Perez A, Isabel Piqueras A, Breton R, Segarra I, Gavilan C, Jareno E, Montesinos E, Dapena M, Alvarez C, Gloria Andres A, Marugan V, Ochoa C, Alfayate S, Isabel Menasalvas A, de Miguel E, Naver L, Soeria-Atmadja S, Hagas V, Aebi-Popp K, Asner S, Aubert V, Battegay M, Baumann M, Bernasconi E, Boni J, Brazzola P, Bucher H, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Ciuffi A, Duppenthaler A, Dollenmaier G, Egger M, Elzi L, Fehr J, Fellay J, Francini K, Furrer H, Fux C, Grawe C, Gunthard H, Haerry D, Hasse B, Hirsch H, Hoffmann M, Hosli I, Kahlert C, Kaiser L, Keiser O, Klimkait T, Kovari H, Kouyos R, Ledergerber B, Martinetti G, de Tejada M, Metzner K, Muller, Nicca D, Paioni P, Pantaleo G, Polli C, Posfay-Barbe K, Rauch A, Rudin C, Schmid P, Scherrer A, Speck R, Tarr P, Lecompte T, Trkola A, Vernazza P, Wagner N, Wandeler G, Weber R, Wyler C, Yerly S, Techakunakorn P, Prachanukroh C, Hansudewechakul R, Wanchaitanawong V, Theansavettrakul S, Nanta S, Ngampiyaskul C, Phanomcheong S, Hongsiriwon S, Karnchanamayul W, Chacheongsao B, Kwanchaipanich R, Kanjanavanit S, Prapinklao S, Kamonpakorn N, Nantarukchaikul M, Adulyadej B, Layangool P, Mekmullica J, Lucksanapisitkul P, Watanayothin S, Lertpienthum N, Warachit B, Hanpinitsak S, Potchalongsin S, Thanasiri P, Krikajornkitti S, Attavinijtrakarn P, Srirojana S, Bunjongpak S, Puangsombat A, Na-Rajsima S, Ananpatharachai P, Akarathum N, Phuket V, Lawtongkum W, Kheunjan P, Suriyaboon T, Saipanya A, Than-in-at K, Jaisieng N, Suaysod R, Chailoet S, Naratee N, Kawilapat S, Kaleeva T, Baryshnikova Y, Soloha S, Bashkatova N, Raus I, Glutshenko O, Ruban Z, Prymak N, Kiseleva G, Bailey H, Lyall H, Butler K, Doerholt K, Foster C, Klein N, Menson E, Riordan A, Shingadia D, Tudor-Williams G, Tookey P, Welch S, Collins I, Cook C, Dobson D, Fairbrother K, Gibb D, Judd A, Harper L, Parrott F, Tostevin A, Van Looy N, Walsh A, Scott S, Vaughan Y, Laycock N, Bernatoniene J, Finn A, Hutchison L, Sharpe G, Williams A, Lyall E, Seery P, Lewis P, Miles K, Subramaniam B, Hutchinson L, Ward P, Sloper K, Gopal G, Doherty C, Hague R, Price V, Bamford A, Bundy H, Clapson M, Flynn J, Novelli V, Ainsley-Walker P, Tovey P, Gurtin D, Garside J, Fall A, Porter D, Segal S, Ball C, Hawkins S, Chetcuti P, Dowie M, Bandi S, McCabe A, Eisenhut M, Handforth J, Roy P, Flood T, Pickering A, Liebeschuetz S, Kavanagh C, Murphy C, Rowson K, Tan T, Daniels J, Lees Y, Kerr E, Thompson F, Le Provost M, Cliffe L, Smyth A, Stafford S, Freeman A, Reddy T, Fidler K, Christie S, Gordon A, Rogahn D, Harris S, Collinson A, Jones L, Offerman B, Van Someren V, Benson C, Riddell A, O'Connor R, Brown N, Ibberson L, Shackley F, Faust S, Hancock J, Donaghy S, Prime K, Sharland M, Storey S, Gorman S, Monrose C, Walters S, Cross R, Broomhall J, Scott D, Stroobant J, Bridgwood A, McMaster P, Evans J, Gardiner T, Jones R, Gardiner K, European Pregnancy Paediat HIV Coh, Stichting HIV Monitoring, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Sciences for Woman and Child's Health, Florence University, Dipartimento di Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie (UGA UFRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Pediatrics, and Virology
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Time Factors ,HIV ,antiretroviral therapy ,children ,second-line ,switch ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Drug Resistance ,INFANTS ,HIV Infections ,Cohort Studies ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Interquartile range ,Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ,ADOLESCENTS ,Cumulative incidence ,Viral ,Treatment Failure ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Antiretroviral therapy ,Children ,Second-line ,Switch ,Age Factors ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Child, Preschool ,Drug Resistance, Viral ,Drug Substitution ,Europe ,Female ,Humans ,Infant ,Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ,Thailand ,Viral Load ,Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor ,Immunosuppression ,OPEN-LABEL ,VIROLOGICAL FAILURE ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,Viral load ,medicine.drug ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Efavirenz ,Nevirapine ,SCALE-UP ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Highly Active ,Preschool ,business.industry ,HIV-1 DRUG-RESISTANCE ,ADULTS ,030112 virology ,RANDOMIZED-TRIAL ,Regimen ,INFECTED CHILDREN ,VIRAL LOAD ,chemistry ,business - Abstract
Background. Data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand.Methods. Children aged = 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors p[NRTIs] plus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor p[NNRTI] or boosted protease inhibitor p[PI]) were included. Switch to second-line was defined as (i) change across drug class (PI to NNRTI or vice versa) or within PI class plus change of >= 1 NRTI; (ii) change from single to dual PI; or (iii) addition of a new drug class. Cumulative incidence of switch was calculated with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks.Results. Of 3668 children included, median age at ART initiation was 6.1 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.7-10.5) years. Initial regimens were 32% PI based, 34% nevirapine (NVP) based, and 33% efavirenz based. Median duration of follow-up was 5.4 (IQR, 2.9-8.3) years. Cumulative incidence of switch at 5 years was 21% (95% confidence interval, 20%-23%), with significant regional variations. Median time to switch was 30 (IQR, 16-58) months; two-thirds of switches were related to treatment failure. In multivariable analysis, older age, severe immunosuppression and higher viral load (VL) at ART start, and NVP-based initial regimens were associated with increased risk of switch.Conclusions. One in 5 children switched to a second-line regimen by 5 years of ART, with two-thirds failure related. Advanced HIV, older age, and NVP-based regimens were associated with increased risk of switch.
- Published
- 2017