143 results on '"Arindam Ghosh"'
Search Results
2. Exploring Optimal Li-ion Substitution for High Na-content P2-Na0.67+a [Li x Ni0.33−y Mn0.67−z ]O2 Cathodes for Sodium-ion Batteries
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Arindam Ghosh, Baskar Senthilkumar, Subham Ghosh, Penphitcha Amonpattaratkit, and Premkumar Senguttuvan
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Materials Chemistry ,Electrochemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Abstract
P2-type Na0.67[Ni0.33Mn0.67]O2 layered oxide cathode is attractive for practical Na-ion battery application due to its high voltage Ni4+/Ni2+ redox and good air-stability. However, it suffers from rapid capacity decay originating from high voltage P2-O2 transformation. To alleviate this issue, herein we explore optimum Li-substitution into the transition metal layer of Na0.67[Ni0.33Mn0.67]O2 to tailor a series of high Na-content P2-type cathodes. Among them, Na0.85[Li0.14Ni0.29Mn0.57]O2 cathode with optimal Li-substitution exhibits reversible capacities of ∼168 mAh g−1 at 0.1C rate and good cycling stability (82% of retention after 100 cycles at 1C rate). In-situ XRD measurement reveals the formation of complete solid-solution and X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies confirm the participation of Ni4+/Ni2+ and Mn4+/Mn3+ redox couples during Na (de)intercalation of the Na0.85[Li0.14Ni0.29Mn0.57]O2. A full Na-ion cell (Na0.85[Li0.14Ni0.29Mn0.57]O2||hard carbon) is demonstrated with an energy density of 420 Wh kg−1.
- Published
- 2023
3. Conservation laws and new exact solutions to the maccari’s modulation equations
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Arindam Ghosh and Sarit Maitra
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Condensed Matter Physics ,Mathematical Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics - Abstract
In this work the (2+1) dimensional integrable Maccari system is studied. An effective algorithmic method—the multiplier approach for finding the conservation laws of system of partial differential equations is discussed and used to find the conservation laws for this system. Infinite number of conserved vectors are found which strongly support the integrability aspects of the Maccari system. Also new exact solution for this system is derived by using the extended homogeneous balance method. The obtained solutions are plotted and they show bright and dark soliton nature.
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- 2023
4. Evolution of high-frequency Raman modes and their doping dependence in twisted bilayer MoS2
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Rahul Debnath, Manish Jain, Indrajit Maity, Varun Raghunathan, Arindam Ghosh, and Rabindra Biswas
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Coupling ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Phonon ,Bilayer ,Doping ,Heterojunction ,02 engineering and technology ,Quantum phases ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,symbols.namesake ,0103 physical sciences ,symbols ,General Materials Science ,Twist ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Raman spectroscopy - Abstract
Twisted van der Waals heterostructures provide a new platform for studying strongly correlated quantum phases. The interlayer coupling in these heterostructures is sensitive to the twist angle (θ) and key to controllably tuning several interesting properties. Here, we demonstrate the systematic evolution of the interlayer coupling strength with twist angle in bilayer MoS2 using a combination of Raman spectroscopy and classical simulations. At zero doping, we observe a monotonic increase in the separation between the A1g and E2g1 mode frequencies as θ decreases from 10°→ 1°, and the separation approaches that of a bilayer at small twist angles. Furthermore, using doping dependent Raman spectroscopy, we reveal the θ dependent softening and broadening of the A1g mode, whereas the E2g1 mode remains unaffected. Using first principles based simulations, we demonstrate large (weak) electron-phonon coupling for the A1g (E2g1) mode, which explains the experimentally observed trends. Our study provides a non-destructive way to characterize the twist angle and the interlayer coupling and establishes the manipulation of phonons in twisted bilayer MoS2 (twistnonics).
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- 2020
5. Anomalous electrical transport in orientationally controlled trinary hybrids of graphene and twisted bilayer molybdenum disulphide
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Manish Jain, Arindam Ghosh, Navkiranjot Kaur Gill, Sudipta Kundu, Saloni Kakkar, and Shaili Sett
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Superconductivity ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Graphene ,Superlattice ,Bilayer ,Substrate (electronics) ,law.invention ,Mechanics of Materials ,law ,Density of states ,General Materials Science ,Density functional theory ,Electronic band structure - Abstract
Moire superlattices of two-dimensional (2D) materials oriented at low twist angles generate a large-scale interference pattern leading to strong interlayer coupling, which influences the band structure and introduces flatbands. Conventional electronic transport measurements have shown the effects of flatband physics, manifesting as correlated insulating states and emergent superconductivity. In this study, we probe the electronic states in a trinary hybrid of graphene and twisted bilayer (tbl) MoS2. Graphene acts as a sensing layer, which captures the electronic effects of the underlying substrate, and we observe certain anomalies in the electronic characteristics of graphene only in the presence of an underlying 58.5 $$^\circ$$ tbl MoS2, at low temperatures. Interestingly, graphene on tbl MoS2, with twist angle near 0 $$^\circ$$ or on natural bilayer MoS2, does not show any anomalies. Density functional theory calculations show several distinguishable peaks in the density of states at the conduction band edge of twisted MoS2 near 60 $$^\circ$$ . We speculate that the anomaly appears due to fermi level pinning of graphene owing to a large density of states in the flatbands of twisted bilayer MoS2. An analysis of the energetics in the graphene-MoS2 hybrid quantitatively agree with theoretical predictions.
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- 2021
6. Breakdown of semiclassical description of thermoelectricity in near-magic angle twisted bilayer graphene
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Takashi Taniguchi, Radhika Soni, Sumilan Banerjee, H. R. Krishnamurthy, Phanibhusan S. Mahapatra, U. Chandni, Manjari Garg, Shinjan Mandal, Arindam Ghosh, Manish Jain, Bhaskar Ghawri, Kenji Watanabe, Saisab Bhowmik, and Aditya Jayraman
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Materials science ,Magic angle ,Multidisciplinary ,Condensed matter physics ,Thermoelectric effect ,Semiclassical physics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Chemistry ,Bilayer graphene ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
The planar assembly of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) hosts multitude of interaction-driven phases when the relative rotation is close to the magic angle (θm = 1.1∘). This includes correlation-induced ground states that reveal spontaneous symmetry breaking at low temperature, as well as possibility of non-Fermi liquid (NFL) excitations. However, experimentally, manifestation of NFL effects in transport properties of twisted bilayer graphene remains ambiguous. Here we report simultaneous measurements of electrical resistivity (ρ) and thermoelectric power (S) in tBLG for several twist angles between θ ~ 1.0 − 1.7∘. We observe an emergent violation of the semiclassical Mott relation in the form of excess S close to half-filling for θ ~ 1.6∘ that vanishes for θ ≳ 2∘. The excess S (≈2 μV/K at low temperatures T ~ 10 K at θ ≈ 1.6∘) persists upto ≈40 K, and is accompanied by metallic T-linear ρ with transport scattering rate (τ−1) of near-Planckian magnitude τ−1 ~ kBT/ℏ. Closer to θm, the excess S was also observed for fractional band filling (ν ≈ 0.5). The combination of non-trivial electrical transport and violation of Mott relation provides compelling evidence of NFL physics intrinsic to tBLG.
- Published
- 2021
7. Mapping Activity-Dependent Quasi-Stationary States of Mitochondrial Membranes with Graphene-Induced Energy Transfer Imaging
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Alexey I. Chizhik, Sufi O Raja, Christoph F. Schmidt, Arindam Ghosh, and Jörg Enderlein
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Fluorophore ,Lipid Bilayers ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Mitochondrion ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Inner membrane ,General Materials Science ,Lipid bilayer ,Inner mitochondrial membrane ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,ATP synthase ,biology ,Chemistry ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Mitochondria ,Membrane ,Energy Transfer ,Mitochondrial Membranes ,Biophysics ,biology.protein ,Graphite ,0210 nano-technology ,Bacterial outer membrane ,Adenosine triphosphate - Abstract
Graphene-induced energy transfer (GIET) was recently introduced for the precise localization of fluorescent molecules along the optical axis of a microscope. GIET is based on near-field energy transfer from an optically excited fluorophore to a single sheet of graphene. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated its potential by determining the distance between the two leaflets of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) with sub-nanometer accuracy. Here, we use GIET imaging for three-dimensional reconstruction of the mitochondrial membrane architecture. We map two quasi-stationary states of the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes before and during adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) synthesis. We trigger the ATP synthesis state in vitro by activating mitochondria with precursor molecules. Our results demonstrate that the inner membrane (IM) approaches the outer membrane (OM) while the outer membrane (OM) does not show a measurable change in average axial position upon activation. As a result, the inter-membrane space (IM-OM distance) is reduced by ∼2 nm upon activation of the mitochondria. This direct experimental observation of the subtle dynamics of mitochondrial membranes and the change in inter-membrane distance induced by ATP synthesis is relevant for our understanding of the physical functioning of mitochondria.
- Published
- 2021
8. Unconventional properties of engineered Au–Ag nanostructures
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Subham Kumar Saha, Pritha Mondal, Navyashree Vasudeva, Rekha Mahadevu, Dev Kumar Thapa, Biswajit Bhattacharyya, Anand Sharma, Saurav Islam, Phanibhusan Singha Mahapatra, T Phanindra Sai, Samartha A Channagiri, Pavithra Bellare, Awadhesh Narayan, N Ravishankar, Satish Patil, Arindam Ghosh, and Anshu Pandey
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Materials Chemistry ,Metals and Alloys ,Ceramics and Composites ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics - Abstract
Au–Ag nanostructures comprising of ∼1 nm Ag nanoparticles embedded into an Au matrix show several unconventional optical, electric and magnetic properties. Here, we review progress made towards the preparation of these materials as well as analysis of their structure. Further, electrical and magnetic transitions in these materials are discussed. Finally, we review the properties of these materials as revealed from optical and electron microscopic probes.
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- 2022
9. Quantum Hall interferometry in triangular domains of marginally twisted bilayer graphene
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Phanibhusan S. Mahapatra, Manjari Garg, Bhaskar Ghawri, Aditya Jayaraman, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Arindam Ghosh, and U. Chandni
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Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Bioengineering ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect - Abstract
Quantum Hall (QH) interferometry provides an archetypal platform for the experimental realization of braiding statistics of fractional QH states. However, the complexity of observing fractional statistics requires phase coherence over the length of the interferometer, as well as suppression of Coulomb charging energy. Here, we demonstrate a new type of QH interferometer based on marginally twisted bilayer graphene (mtBLG), with a twist angle $\theta$ $\approx$ $0.16$ $^{\circ}$. With the device operating in the QH regime, we observe distinct signatures of electronic Fabry-P\'{e}rot (FP) and Aharonov-Bohm (AhB)-oscillations of the magneto-thermopower in the density-magnetic field phase-space, at Landau level filling factors $\nu=4$,$8$. We find that QH interference effects are intrinsic to the triangular AB/BA domains in mtBLG that show diminished Coulomb charging effects. Our results demonstrate phase-coherent interference of QH edge modes without any additional gate-defined complex architecture, which may be beneficial in experimental realizations of non-Abelian braiding statistics.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Spontaneous Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking at Individual Grain Boundaries in Graphene
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Kamanio Chattopadhyay, Kimberly Hsieh, Tathagata Biswas, Abhishek Mishra, Manish Jain, Srinivasan Raghavan, Gopalakrishnan Ramalingam, Arindam Ghosh, Chandra Sekhar Tiwary, Aditya Jayaraman, and Vidya Kochat
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Materials science ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Condensed matter physics ,Magnetic moment ,Graphene ,Dephasing ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Conductance ,01 natural sciences ,Symmetry (physics) ,law.invention ,T-symmetry ,law ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,0103 physical sciences ,Grain boundary ,010306 general physics ,Spin-½ - Abstract
Graphene grain boundaries (GBs) have attracted interest for their ability to host nearly dispersionless electronic bands and magnetic instabilities. Here, we employ quantum transport and universal conductance fluctuation measurements to experimentally demonstrate a spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry across individual GBs of chemical vapor deposited graphene. While quantum transport across the GBs indicate spin-scattering-induced dephasing and hence formation of local magnetic moments, below T4 K we observe complete lifting of time-reversal symmetry at high carrier densities (n5A�1012 cm-2) and low temperature (T2 K). An unprecedented thirtyfold reduction in the universal conductance fluctuation magnitude with increasing doping density further supports the possibility of an emergent frozen magnetic state at the GBs. Our experimental results suggest that realistic GBs of graphene can be a promising resource for new electronic phases and spin-based applications. © 2021 American Physical Society.
- Published
- 2020
11. Tailoring phonon modes of few-layered MoS2 by in-plane electric field
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Achintya Singha, Arindam Ghosh, Shib Shankar Singha, Sreemanta Mitra, Divya Srivastava, Maarit Karppinen, S. Dutta, Biswarup Satpati, Bose Institute, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Calcutta, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
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Materials science ,Phonon ,Point reflection ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,Space (mathematics) ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Chemistry ,symbols.namesake ,Electric field ,lcsh:TA401-492 ,General Materials Science ,Condensed matter physics ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Piezoelectricity ,0104 chemical sciences ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Nanoelectronics ,Mechanics of Materials ,symbols ,lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,0210 nano-technology ,Raman spectroscopy ,Intensity (heat transfer) - Abstract
We discuss the effect of the in-plane electric field on the Raman spectroscopy for few-layered MoS2. The characteristic Raman modes of MoS2 show gradual red shift, while the intensity increases by 45–50% as the electric field is increased, showing a large electro-optical effect. Structural analysis suggests that our few-layered MoS2 belongs to P6/m2 space group with broken inversion symmetry. We attribute this gradual red shift to this broken symmetry-driven piezoelectricity in MoS2, which generates tensile strain along the perpendicular direction when the electric field is applied. The enhancement of the effect upon reversing the electric field direction adds credence to our interpretation. Our first principal density-functional theory calculation further substantiates the claim. This optical probing of the electromechanical coupling may lead to applications as a nonextensive technique for electric field/strain sensors in the nanoelectronics devices.
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- 2020
12. Evidence of Lifshitz transition in thermoelectric power of ultrahigh mobility bilayer graphene
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Kimberly Hsieh, Phanibhusan S. Mahapatra, Bhaskar Ghawri, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Aditya Jayaraman, and Arindam Ghosh
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Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Graphene ,Mechanical Engineering ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Bioengineering ,Heterojunction ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Trigonal crystal system ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,law.invention ,Tight binding ,law ,Seebeck coefficient ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,Density of states ,General Materials Science ,Image warping ,0210 nano-technology ,Bilayer graphene - Abstract
Resolving low-energy features in the density of states (DOS) holds the key to understanding wide variety of rich novel phenomena in graphene based 2D heterostructures. Lifshitz transition in bilayer graphene (BLG) arising from trigonal warping has been established theoretically and experimentally. Nevertheless, the experimental realization of its effects on the transport properties has been challenging because of its relatively low energy scale ($\sim 1$ meV). In this work, we demonstrate that the thermoelectric power (TEP) can be used as an effective probe to investigate fine changes in the DOS of BLG. We observe additional entropy features in the vicinity of the charge neutrality point (CNP) in gapped BLG. This apparent violation of Mott formula can be explained quantitatively by considering the effects of trigonal warping, thereby serving as a possible evidence of a Lifshitz transition.
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- 2020
- Full Text
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13. Gate-Induced Metal-Insulator Transition in 2D van der Waals Layers of Copper Indium Selenide Based Field-Effect Transistors
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Sidong Lei, Arindam Ghosh, Sujoy Ghosh, Prasanna Patil, Robert Vajtai, Saikat Talapatra, Pulickel M. Ajayan, and Milinda Wasala
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Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,General Engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Copper ,0104 chemical sciences ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Selenide ,Percolation ,symbols ,General Materials Science ,Field-effect transistor ,van der Waals force ,Metal–insulator transition ,0210 nano-technology ,Indium - Abstract
The existence of an exquisite phenomenon such as a metal-insulator transition (MIT) in two-dimensional (2D) systems, where completely different electronic functionalities in the same system can emerge simply by regulating parameters such as charge carrier density in them, is noteworthy. Such tunability in material properties can lead to several applications where precise tuning of function specific properties are desirable. Here, we report on our observation on the occurrence of MIT in the 2D material system of copper indium selenide (CuIn
- Published
- 2019
14. Mis-orientation controlled cross-plane thermoelectricity in twisted bilayer graphene
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Phanibhusan S. Mahapatra, Subroto Mukerjee, Shinjan Mandal, Arindam Ghosh, Kenji Watanabe, Manjari Garg, Bhaskar Ghawri, T. Taniguchi, and Manish Jain
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Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Misorientation ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,symbols.namesake ,Planar ,Condensed Matter::Superconductivity ,Seebeck coefficient ,0103 physical sciences ,Thermoelectric effect ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,symbols ,Twist ,van der Waals force ,010306 general physics ,Bilayer graphene ,Electronic band structure - Abstract
The introduction of 'twist' or relative rotation between two atomically thin van der Waals (vdW) membranes gives rise to periodic Moire potential, leading to a substantial altercation of the band structure of the planar assembly. While most of the recent experiments primarily focus on the electronic-band hybridization by probing in-plane transport properties, here we report out-of-plane thermoelectric measurements across the van der Waals gap in twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG), which exhibits an interplay of twist-dependent inter-layer electronic and phononic hybridization. We show that at a large twist angle, the thermopower is entirely driven by a novel phonon drag effect at the sub-nanometer scale, while the electronic component of the thermopower is recovered only when the misorientation between the layers is reduced to less than two degrees. Our experiment shows that cross-plane thermoelectricity at a low angle is exceptionally sensitive to the nature of band dispersion and may provide fundamental insights into the coherence of electronic states in twisted bilayer graphene., 5 figures
- Published
- 2019
15. Anomalous Number Fluctuation Noise in Localized Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Layers: Generalization of McWhorter’s Mechanism
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Pulickel M. Ajayan, Subhamoy Ghatak, Vidya Kochat, Chandra Sekhar Tiwary, Arindam Ghosh, Yongji Gong, Sanjeev Kaushal, Kimberly Hsieh, and Xiang Zhang
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Work (thermodynamics) ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Generalization ,Mechanical Engineering ,Oxide ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Noise (electronics) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Transition metal ,Mechanics of Materials ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Charge carrier ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Wave function ,Mechanism (sociology) - Abstract
The mechanism of electrical noise in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has mostly been attributed to charge carrier fluctuations between the oxide traps and the conducting channel, in accordance with the McWhorter model. However, the original McWhorter model was formulated for diffusive transport with conducting carriers having extended electronic wave functions. Our work serves to generalize the McWhorter mechanism to include strongly localized systems such as the TMDC family and provides an explanation for the unusual exponential behavior of noise magnitude with temperature.
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- 2018
16. Seebeck Coefficient of a Single van der Waals Junction in Twisted Bilayer Graphene
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Arindam Ghosh, Subroto Mukerjee, H. R. Krishnamurthy, Kingshuk Sarkar, and Phanibhusan S. Mahapatra
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Phonon ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Electron ,01 natural sciences ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,symbols.namesake ,Condensed Matter::Superconductivity ,Seebeck coefficient ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,0103 physical sciences ,Thermoelectric effect ,General Materials Science ,010306 general physics ,Phonon drag ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Condensed matter physics ,Scattering ,Chemistry ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,symbols ,van der Waals force ,0210 nano-technology ,Bilayer graphene - Abstract
When two planar atomic membranes are placed within the van der Waals distance, the charge and heat transport across the interface are coupled by the rules of momentum conservation and structural commensurability, leading to outstanding thermoelectric properties. Here we show that an effective "interlayer phonon drag" determines the Seebeck coefficient (S) across the van der Waals gap formed in twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG). The cross-plane thermovoltage, which is non-monotonic in both temperature and density, is generated through scattering of electrons by the out-of-plane layer breathing (ZO'/ZA2) phonon modes and differs dramatically from the expected Landauer-Buttiker formalism in conventional tunnel junctions. The tunability of the cross-plane Seebeck effect in van der Waals junctions may be valuable in creating a new genre of versatile thermoelectric systems with layered solids., Comment: This document is the unedited Author's version of a submitted work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Nano Letters, copyright American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see http://pubs.acs.org/articlesonrequest/AOR-C2EphThhD7U5a4zVMHye
- Published
- 2017
17. Demonstration of intrinsic STDP learning capability in all-2D multi-state MoS2 memory and its application in modelling neuromorphic speech recognition
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Tathagata Paul, Arindam Ghosh, Chetan Singh Thakur, Krishna Kanhaiya Tiwari, and Akshaya A Mukundan
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Beyond CMOS ,Materials science ,Neuromorphic engineering ,Multi state ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,Speech recognition ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics - Published
- 2021
18. Effect of Carrier Localization on Electrical Transport and Noise at Individual Grain Boundaries in Monolayer MoS2
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Vidya Kochat, Arindam Ghosh, Chandra Sekhar Tiwary, Pulickel M. Ajayan, Xiang Zhang, Kimberly Hsieh, and Yongji Gong
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Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Field effect ,Conductance ,Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Electron ,Orders of magnitude (numbers) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Noise (electronics) ,Variable-range hopping ,0103 physical sciences ,Monolayer ,General Materials Science ,Grain boundary ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Despite its importance in the large-scale synthesis of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) molecular layers, the generic quantum effects on electrical transport across individual grain boundaries (GBs) in TMDC monolayers remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that strong carrier localization due to the increased density of defects determines both temperature dependence of electrical transport and low-frequency noise at the GBs of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown MoS2 layers. Using field effect devices designed to explore transport across individual GBs, we show that the localization length of electrons in the GB region is ∼30–70% lower than that within the grain, even though the room temperature conductance across the GB, oriented perpendicular to the overall flow of current, may be lower or higher than the intragrain region. Remarkably, we find that the stronger localization is accompanied by nearly 5 orders of magnitude enhancement in the low-frequency noise at the GB region, which increases expon...
- Published
- 2017
19. Impedance Spectroscopy of Fe-Doped SnO2 Synthesized by Poly(ethyleneglycol) Assisted Chemical Co-Precipitation Method
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Ayon Bhattacharjee, Sandip Paul Choudhury, Arindam Ghosh, Kakoli Bhattacharya, and Navnita Kumari
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Poly ethyleneglycol ,Materials science ,Coprecipitation ,Biomedical Engineering ,Analytical chemistry ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Dielectric spectroscopy ,Chemical engineering ,Fe doped ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology - Published
- 2017
20. Low temperature saturation of phase coherence length in topological insulators
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Mitali Banerjee, Arindam Ghosh, A. Richardella, Abhinav Kandala, Saurav Islam, Nitin Samarth, Semonti Bhattacharyya, Diptiman Sen, Hariharan Nhalil, and Suja Elizabeth
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Physics ,Magnetoresistance ,Condensed matter physics ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Scattering ,Dephasing ,Conductance ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Thermalisation ,Topological insulator ,0103 physical sciences ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Saturation (magnetic) ,Molecular beam epitaxy - Abstract
Implementing topological insulators as elementary units in quantum technologies requires a comprehensive understanding of the dephasing mechanisms governing the surface carriers in these materials, which impose a practical limit to the applicability of these materials in such technologies requiring phase coherent transport. To investigate this, we have performed magnetoresistance (MR) and conductance fluctuations (CF) measurements in both exfoliated and molecular beam epitaxy grown samples. The phase breaking length (${l}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}$) obtained from MR shows a saturation below sample dependent characteristic temperatures, consistent with that obtained from CF measurements. We have systematically eliminated several factors that may lead to such behavior of ${l}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}$ in the context of TIs, such as finite size effect, thermalization, spin-orbit coupling length, spin-flip scattering, and surface-bulk coupling. Our work indicates the need to identify an alternative source of dephasing that dominates at low $T$ in topological insulators, causing saturation in the phase breaking length and time.
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- 2019
21. Signature of pseudo-diffusive transport in mesoscopic topological insulators
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Semonti Bhattacharyya, Saurav Islam, Suja Elizabeth, Hariharan Nhalil, and Arindam Ghosh
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Physics ,Mesoscopic physics ,Number density ,Condensed matter physics ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Graphene ,Dirac (software) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Noise (electronics) ,law.invention ,symbols.namesake ,Dirac fermion ,law ,Topological insulator ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,symbols ,Flicker noise - Abstract
One of the unique features of Dirac Fermions is pseudo-diffusive transport by evanescent modes at low Fermi energies when the disorder is low. At higher Fermi energies i.e. carrier densities, the electrical transport is diffusive in nature and the propagation occurs via plane-waves. In this study, we report the detection of such evanescent modes in the surface states of topological insulator through 1/f noise. While signatures of pseudo-diffusive transport have been seen experimentally in graphene, such behavior is yet to be observed explicitly in any other system with a Dirac dispersion. To probe this, we have studied 1/f noise in topological insulators as a function of gate-voltage, and temperature. Our results show a non-monotonic behavior in 1=f noise as the Fermi energy is varied, suggesting a crossover from pseudo-diffusive to diffusive transport regime in mesoscopic topological insulators. The temperature dependence of noise points towards conductance fluctuations from quantum interference as the dominant source of the noise in these samples., 5 pages, 4 figures
- Published
- 2019
22. Optimising Graphene Visibility in van der Waals Heterostructures
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Paritosh Karnatak, Tanweer Ahmed, Saurav Islam, Saloni Kakkar, Arindam Ghosh, Simli Mishra, Aditya Jayaraman, Thanmay S. Menon, Kiranmayi Dixit, Vidhu Catherine Antony, and Kimberly Hsieh
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Work (thermodynamics) ,Materials science ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Physics::Optics ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,symbols.namesake ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,law ,Monolayer ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Condensed matter physics ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Graphene ,Mechanical Engineering ,Visibility (geometry) ,Detector ,Heterojunction ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,0104 chemical sciences ,Wavelength ,Mechanics of Materials ,symbols ,van der Waals force ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Graphene constitutes one of the key elements in many functional van der Waals heterostructures. However, it has negligible optical visibility due to its monolayer nature. Here we study the visibility of graphene in various van der Waals heterostructures and include the effects of the source spectrum, oblique incidence and the spectral sensitivity of the detector to obtain a realistic model. A visibility experiment is performed at different wavelengths, resulting in a very good agreement with our calculations. This allows us to reliably predict the conditions for better visibility of graphene in van der Waals heterostructures. The framework and the codes provided in this work can be extended to study the visibility of any 2D material within an arbitrary van der Waals heterostructure.
- Published
- 2019
23. Observation of linear magneto-resistance with small cross-over field at room temperature in bismuth
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V. Venkataraman, Basavaraj Angadi, Saurav Islam, Arindam Ghosh, and Chandan
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Cross over ,Materials science ,Acoustics and Ultrasonics ,Magneto resistance ,Field (physics) ,business.industry ,Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Magnetic field ,Bismuth ,Semiconductor ,chemistry ,Thin film ,business ,Recombination - Abstract
We report the observation of linear magneto-resistance (LMR) with a very low cross-over magnetic field (Bc ) at room temperature in Bismuth(110) thin films fabricated using thermal evaporation. The magneto-resistance at different temperatures (T) indicates that Bc has a strong T - dependence, and displays a remarkably small magnitude of 180 mT at T = 300 K. The parameter Φ, defined as the MR% (B = 1 T)/ Bc is 248, is considerably higher at room temperature compared to values previously reported in literature. The observed LMR is likely due to the recombination of carriers in compensated systems near charge neutrality. Our measurements demonstrate that the LMR can be observed at a very low field and high T , which can be utilized in a variety of applications.
- Published
- 2020
24. Interplay of charge transfer and disorder in optoelectronic response in Graphene/hBN/MoS2 van der Waals heterostructures
- Author
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Arindam Ghosh, Kallol Roy, Avradip Pradhan, Saloni Kakkar, and Tanweer Ahmed
- Subjects
Materials science ,Infrared ,business.industry ,Graphene ,Band gap ,Mechanical Engineering ,Heterojunction ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Photodiode ,law.invention ,Responsivity ,Chalcogen ,Transition metal ,Mechanics of Materials ,law ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,business - Abstract
Strong optoelectronic response in the binary van der Waals heterostructures of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is an emerging route towards high-sensitivity light sensing. While the high sensitivity is an effect of photogating of graphene due to inter-layer transfer of photo-excited carriers, the impact of intrinisic defects, such as traps and mid-gap states in the chalcogen layer remain largely unexplored. Here we employ graphene/hBN (hexagonal boron nitride)/MoS2 (molybdenum disulphide) trilayer heterostructures to explore the photogating mechanism, where the hBN layer acts as interfacial barrier to tune the charge transfer timescale. We find two new features in the photoresponse: First, an unexpected positive component in photoconductance upon illumination at short times that preceeds the conventional negative photoconductance due to charge transfer, and second, a strong negative photoresponse at infrared wavelengths (up to 1720 nm) well-below the band gap of single layer MoS2. Detailed time and gate voltage-dependence of the photoconductance indicates optically-driven charging of trap states as possible origin of these observations. The responsivity of the trilayer structure in the infrared regime was found to be extremely large (> 108 A/W at 1550 nm using 20 mV source drain bias at 180 K temperature and ≈ −30 V back gate voltage). Our experiment demonstrates that interface engineering in the optically sensitive van der Waals heterostructures may cast crucial insight onto both inter- and intra-layer charge reorganization processes in graphene/TMDC heterostructures.
- Published
- 2020
25. Universal conductance fluctuations and direct observation of crossover of symmetry classes in topological insulators
- Author
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Hariharan Nhalil, Saurav Islam, Semonti Bhattacharyya, Arindam Ghosh, and Suja Elizabeth
- Subjects
Physics ,Mesoscopic physics ,Condensed matter physics ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Conductance ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Magnetic field ,symbols.namesake ,Topological insulator ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,0103 physical sciences ,symbols ,Topological order ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics) ,Symplectic geometry ,Universal conductance fluctuations - Abstract
A key feature of topological insulators (TI) is symplectic symmetry of the Hamiltonian which changes to unitary when time reversal symmetry is lifted and the topological phase transition occurs. However, such a crossover has never been explicitly observed, by directly probing the symmetry class of the Hamiltonian. In this report, we have probed the symmetry class of topological insulators by measuring the mesoscopic conductance fluctuations in the TI Bi$_{1.6}$Sb$_{0:4}$Te$_2$Se, which shows an exact factor of two reduction on application of a magnetic field due to crossover from symplectic to unitary symmetry classes. The reduction provides an unambiguous proof that the fluctuations arise from the universal conductance fluctuations (UCF), due to quantum interference and persists from T = 22 mK to 4.2 K. We have also compared the phase breaking length (l$_\phi$) extracted from both magneto-conductivity and UCF which agree well within a factor of two in the entire temperature and gate voltage range. Our experiment confirms UCF as the major source of fluctuations in mesoscopic disordered topological insulators, and the intrinsic preservation of time reversal symmetry in these systems., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures
- Published
- 2018
26. Marginally Self-Averaging One-Dimensional Localization in Bilayer Graphene
- Author
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T. V. Ramakrishnan, Aditya Jayaraman, Paritosh Karnatak, T. Phanindra Sai, Rajdeep Sensarma, Arindam Ghosh, and Ali Aamir
- Subjects
Physics ,Self-averaging ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Condensed matter physics ,Band gap ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Conductance ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Edge (geometry) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0103 physical sciences ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,Edge states ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Bilayer graphene ,Electronic band structure ,Dimensionless quantity - Abstract
The combination of field tunable bandgap, topological edge states, and valleys in the band structure, makes insulating bilayer graphene a unique localized system, where the scaling laws of dimensionless conductance g remain largely unexplored. Here we show that the relative fluctuations in ln g with the varying chemical potential, in strongly insulating bilayer graphene (BLG) decay nearly logarithmically for channel length up to L/${\xi}$ ${\approx}$ 20, where ${\xi}$ is the localization length. This 'marginal' self averaging, and the corresponding dependence of on L, suggest that transport in strongly gapped BLG occurs along strictly one-dimensional channels, where ${\xi}$ ${\approx}$ 0.5${\pm}$0.1 ${\mu}$m was found to be much longer than that expected from the bulk bandgap. Our experiment reveals a nontrivial localization mechanism in gapped BLG, governed by transport along robust edge modes., Comment: This document is the Author's version of a submitted work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
- Published
- 2018
27. Out-of-plane interface dipoles and anti-hysteresis in graphene-strontium titanate hybrid transistor
- Author
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Maxim Mostovoy, Arunesh Roy, Dhani Nafday, Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta, Tamalika Banerjee, Anindita Sahoo, Tathagata Paul, Arindam Ghosh, Roald Ruiter, Physics of Nanodevices, and Theory of Condensed Matter
- Subjects
DEVICES ,Materials science ,SRTIO3 ,FERROELECTRICITY ,02 engineering and technology ,Dielectric ,AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,lcsh:Chemistry ,ELECTRONICS ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,lcsh:TA401-492 ,General Materials Science ,OXIDES ,010306 general physics ,Polarization (electrochemistry) ,Condensed matter physics ,Graphene ,SURFACES ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT ,Ferroelectricity ,Polarization density ,Band bending ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Strontium titanate ,lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,Field-effect transistor ,1/F NOISE ,FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The out-of-plane electric polarization at the surface of SrTiO3 (STO), an archetypal perovskite oxide, may stabilize new electronic states and/or host novel device functionality. This is particularly significant in proximity to atomically thin membranes, such as graphene, although a quantitative understanding of the polarization across graphene–STO interface remains experimentally elusive. Here, we report direct observation and measurement of a large intrinsic out-of-plane polarization at the interface of single-layer graphene and TiO2-terminated STO (100) crystal. Using a unique temperature dependence of anti-hysteretic gate-transfer characteristics in dual-gated graphene-on-STO field-effect transistors, we estimate the polarization to be as large as ≈12 μC cm−2, which is also supported by the density functional theory calculations and low-frequency noise measurements. The anti-hysteretic transfer characteristics is quantitatively shown to arise from an interplay of band bending at the STO surface and electrostatic potential due to interface polarization, which may be a generic feature in hybrid electronic devices from two-dimensional materials and perovskite oxides. The dipole field at the surface of SrTiO3 strongly impacts the transfer characteristics of graphene/SrTiO3 field-effect transistors. A team led by Arindam Ghosh at the Indian Institute of Science (Bangalore) fabricated dual-gated field-effect transistors with graphene on a TiO2-terminated SrTiO3 (100) crystal, and observed a large, intrinsic out-of-plane electric polarization at the hetero-interface. The measured polarization, detected by means of gate-transfer characteristics and further supported by density functional theory calculations, was found to be as large as 12 μC cm−2. The nature of the anti-hysteretic transfer characteristics in both resistance and noise is indicative of formation of trap states at the SrTiO3 interface, due to band renormalization and electrostatic confinement. These results improve the physical understanding of the interfaces between atomically thin materials and polarizable substrates.
- Published
- 2018
28. Directed Assembly of Ultrathin Gold Nanowires over Large Area by Dielectrophoresis
- Author
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T. Phanindra Sai, R. Venkatesh, N. Ravishankar, Arindam Ghosh, Subhajit Kundu, and Avradip Pradhan
- Subjects
Materials science ,Fabrication ,Sensing applications ,Materials Research Centre ,Physics ,Nanowire ,Nanotechnology ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,Dielectrophoresis ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrical transport ,Nanoelectronics ,Electrode ,Electrochemistry ,General Materials Science ,Spectroscopy ,Voltage - Abstract
Ultrathin Au nanowires (similar to 2 nm diameter) are interesting from a fundamental point of view to study structure and electronic transport and also hold promise in the field of nanoelectronics, particularly for sensing applications. Device fabrication by direct growth on various substrates has been useful in demonstrating some of the potential applications. However, the realization of practical devices requires device fabrication strategies that are fast, inexpensive, and efficient. Herein, we demonstrate directed assembly of ultrathin Au nanowires over large areas across electrodes using ac dielectrophoresis with a mechanistic understanding of the process. On the basis of the voltage and frequency, the wires either align in between or across the contact pads. We exploit this assembly to produce an array of contacting wires for statistical estimation of electrical transport with important implications for future nanoelectronic/sensor applications.
- Published
- 2015
29. Structural, electrical and optical studies on ruthenium doped ZnO pellets for device applications
- Author
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Sujit Tewari, Ayon Bhattacharjee, Navnita Kumari, and Arindam Ghosh
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Doping ,Oxide ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nanoparticle ,Nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Ruthenium ,Absorbance ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,General Materials Science ,Electrical measurements ,Crystallite ,Texture (crystalline) - Abstract
Doped and undoped specimens of nano-particulate ZnO with 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% ruthenium were prepared through a chemical route. Structural characterization of the samples performed with XRD established that all the nanoparticles are of zinc oxide having polycrystalline nature. Morphological studies were conducted using FESEM to confirm the grain size and texture. Electrical measurements showed that the ac conductivity increases with frequency but decreases with increasing ruthenium concentration, making it a potential option for device applications. It is found that the absorbance does not significantly change with doping. The above fact is further confirmed from the bandgap calculations using the reflectance graphs. A decrease of bandgap from 3.42 to 3.19 eV with increasing Ru concentration is observed making it an important and advantageous material for potential visible light photocatalytic applications involving metal oxide nanostructures.
- Published
- 2015
30. Dephasing rates for weak localization and universal conductance fluctuations in two dimensional Si: P and Ge: P delta-layers
- Author
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M. Y. Simmons, Giordano Scappucci, Saquib Shamim, Wolfgang M. Klesse, Suddhasatta Mahapatra, and Arindam Ghosh
- Subjects
Field-Effect Transistors ,Dephasing ,Phase (waves) ,Electrons ,02 engineering and technology ,Conductivity ,Inelastic scattering ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Scattering ,0103 physical sciences ,ddc:530 ,010306 general physics ,Universal conductance fluctuations ,Films ,Physics ,Multidisciplinary ,Condensed matter physics ,Metal ,Doping ,Systems ,Atmospheric temperature range ,1/F Noise ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Weak localization ,Transition ,2 Dimensions ,0210 nano-technology ,Low-Temperatures - Abstract
We report quantum transport measurements on two dimensional (2D) Si:P and Ge:P δ-layers and compare the inelastic scattering rates relevant for weak localization (WL) and universal conductance fluctuations (UCF) for devices of various doping densities (0.3–2.5 × 1018 m−2) at low temperatures (0.3–4.2 K). The phase breaking rate extracted experimentally from measurements of WL correction to conductivity and UCF agree well with each other within the entire temperature range. This establishes that WL and UCF, being the outcome of quantum interference phenomena, are governed by the same dephasing rate.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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31. At a long-awaited turning point
- Author
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Arindam Ghosh and Yamuna Krishnan
- Subjects
Entrepreneurship ,Biomedical Engineering ,India ,Bioengineering ,Mindset ,Nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,General Materials Science ,Turning point ,Engineering ethics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Translational science - Abstract
Research in nanotechnology in India is on an upswing given the substantial investments in the past two decades. Making an impact globally will now require investing in education, entrepreneurship, translational science, infrastructure for manufacturing, and changing the administrative mindset.
- Published
- 2014
32. Investigation of structural and electrical properties of CuO modified SnO2 nanoparticles
- Author
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Arindam Ghosh, Ayon Bhattacharjee, and Navnita Kumari
- Subjects
Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Doping ,Dielectric ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Thermal conduction ,Nanocrystalline material ,Mechanics of Materials ,General Materials Science ,Grain boundary ,Crystallite ,Polarization (electrochemistry) ,Scherrer equation - Abstract
Nanocrystalline SnO 2 was prepared by the co-precipitation method and doped with CuO. Crystallite sizes were estimated by Scherrer formula to be of the order of 90 nm and lesser. A.C. conduction behaviour of the samples has been described by the different hopping processes. From impedance analysis multi-relaxation processes in the samples are evident. Shrinkage of Cole–Cole plots with increase in temperature is also observed in our case which shows role of grain and grain boundary effects in the conduction mechanism with rise in temperature. Dielectric constant decreases with frequency but increases with rise in temperature which is governed by different components of polarizability (deformational and relaxational polarization). Dielectric constant increases with rise in temperature but at higher frequency range it takes constant value. Impedance analysis is used to explain the effects of grain and grain boundary on transport mechanism of undoped and CuO modified SnO 2 nanoparticles.
- Published
- 2014
33. Synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfides catalyzed by n-tetrabutyl-ammonium tribromide: A selective fluorescence probe for mercury ion
- Author
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Atul Kumar Dwivedi, Arindam Ghosh, Abu T. Khan, Parameswar Krishnan Iyer, Shahzad Ali, and Ajaz A. Dar
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Sulfide ,Metals and Alloys ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Photochemistry ,Fluorescence ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Catalysis ,Mercury (element) ,Ion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Ammonium ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Instrumentation ,2-Naphthol ,Tribromide - Abstract
A wide variety of unsymmetrical sulfides can be synthesized by trapping 2-naphthoquinone-1-methide intermediates, which are generated in situ from 2-naphthol and aromatic aldehydes, with thiols in presence of catalytic amount of n-tetrabutylammonium tribromide (TBATB). Mild reaction conditions, good yields and no dithioacetal formation as well as formation of brominated product are some of the salient features of the present protocol. Interestingly, the synthesized unsymmetrical sulfide 4aa can be used as selective fluorescence probe for mercury(II) ion.
- Published
- 2014
34. Thermodynamically stable octahedral MoS 2 in van der Waals hetero-bilayers
- Author
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Umesh V. Waghmare, Sudipta Dutta, Tanweer Ahmed, Manish Jain, Smriti P Suman, Arindam Ghosh, Mit H. Naik, Simran Kumari, and Rahul Debnath
- Subjects
symbols.namesake ,Van der waals heterostructures ,Crystallography ,Materials science ,Octahedron ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,symbols ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,van der Waals force ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Raman spectroscopy - Published
- 2019
35. A high-performance MoS 2 synaptic device with floating gate engineering for neuromorphic computing
- Author
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Chetan Singh Thakur, Tanweer Ahmed, Arindam Ghosh, Krishna Kanhaiya Tiwari, and Tathagata Paul
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Chalcogenide ,Mechanical Engineering ,Transistor ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Piezoelectricity ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Neuromorphic engineering ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,law ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,State (computer science) ,business ,Quantum tunnelling ,Efficient energy use ,Communication channel - Abstract
As one of the most important members of the two dimensional chalcogenide family, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) has played a fundamental role in the advancement of low dimensional electronic, optoelectronic and piezoelectric designs. Here, we demonstrate a new approach to solid state synaptic transistors using two dimensional MoS2 floating gate memories. By using an extended floating gate architecture which allows the device to be operated at near-ideal subthreshold swing of 77 mV/decade over four decades of drain current, we have realised a charge tunneling based synaptic memory with performance comparable to the state of the art in neuromorphic designs. The device successfully demonstrates various features of a biological synapse, including pulsed potentiation and relaxation of channel conductance, as well as spike time dependent plasticity (STDP). Our device returns excellent energy efficiency figures and provides a robust platform based on ultrathin two dimensional nanosheets for future neuromorphic applications.
- Published
- 2019
36. Exact solutions and symmetry analysis of a new equation invariant under scaling of dependent variable
- Author
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Arindam Ghosh, Sarit Maitra, and Asesh Roy Chowdhury
- Subjects
Physics ,Variables ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Invariant (mathematics) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Scaling ,Mathematical Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Mathematical physics ,media_common - Published
- 2019
37. An optical narrowband switch between subluminal and superluminal light propagation in the inverted-Y configuration
- Author
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Arindam Ghosh, Amitava Bandyopadhyay, Khairul Islam, and Suman Mondal
- Subjects
Physics ,Superluminal motion ,Electromagnetically induced transparency ,Inverted Y ,business.industry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Optics ,Narrowband ,Light propagation ,Group index ,business ,Instrumentation - Published
- 2019
38. Electrical noise inside the band gap of bilayer graphene
- Author
-
Md. Ali Aamir and Arindam Ghosh
- Subjects
Physics ,Condensed matter physics ,Band gap ,Mechanical Engineering ,Conductance ,Fermi energy ,Charge (physics) ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Noise (electronics) ,Mechanics of Materials ,General Materials Science ,Charge carrier ,Bilayer graphene ,Order of magnitude - Abstract
Bilayer graphene (BLG), endowed with its electrostatically tunable band gap, plays a special role in next generation 2D materials based electronics. However, important aspects of its device characteristics are not fully understood, including in particular, the mechanism of electrical noise in its gapped state, which is essential to its operation. Here, we present the first systematic study of 1/f noise in conductance G in a dual-gated BLG as we tune the Fermi energy inside its large band gap. The normalized conductance noise /G(2) initially increases dramatically by over an order of magnitude, which our analysis indicates, as arising due to percolative charge transport. When the Fermi energy reaches the charge neutrality point, we observe a remarkably constant irrespective of the magnitude of band gap, even though G decreases exponentially with band gap. We discuss that this is likely to be consequence of fluctuations in activated charge carriers far from the Fermi energy, enabled by charge traps of the substrate. Our results provide a coherent description of low frequency electrical noise in gapped BLG, paving the way for its implementation in the next-generation devices as well as representing benchmark for other gapped 2D materials.
- Published
- 2019
39. Optically active heterostructures of graphene and ultrathin MoS2
- Author
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T. Phanindra Sai, Medini Padmanabhan, Arindam Ghosh, Kallol Roy, Sanjeev Kaushal, and Srijit Goswami
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Graphene ,Physics ,Photoconductivity ,Nanotechnology ,Heterojunction ,General Chemistry ,Substrate (electronics) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,law.invention ,Semiconductor ,law ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Materials Chemistry ,Optoelectronics ,Bilayer graphene ,business ,Graphene nanoribbons ,Graphene oxide paper - Abstract
Here we present the fabrication and characterization of a new class of hybrid devices where the constituents are graphene and ultrathin molybdenum di-sulphide (MoS2). This device is one of the simplest member of a family of hybrids where the desirable electrical characteristics of graphene such as high mobility are combined with optical activity of semiconductors. We find that in the presence of an optically active substrate, considerable photoconductivity is induced in graphene which is persistent up to a time scale of at least several hours. This photo induced memory can be erased by the application of a suitable gate voltage pulse. This memory operation is stable for many cycles. We present a theoretical model based on localized states in MoS2 which explains the data. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2013
40. Graphene–MoS2 hybrid structures for multifunctional photoresponsive memory devices
- Author
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Srijit Goswami, Gopalakrishnan Ramalingam, T. Phanindra Sai, Arindam Ghosh, Medini Padmanabhan, Srinivasan Raghavan, and Kallol Roy
- Subjects
Materials science ,Graphene ,business.industry ,Band gap ,Materials Research Centre ,Physics ,Relaxation (NMR) ,Biomedical Engineering ,Photodetector ,Bioengineering ,Heterojunction ,Nanotechnology ,Photodetection ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,law.invention ,Responsivity ,Photosensitivity ,law ,Centre for Nano Science and Engineering ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business - Abstract
Combining the electronic properties of graphene(1,2) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2)(3-6) in hybrid heterostructures offers the possibility to create devices with various functionalities. Electronic logic and memory devices have already been constructed from graphene-MoS2 hybrids(7,8), but they do not make use of the photosensitivity of MoS2, which arises from its optical-range bandgap(9). Here, we demonstrate that graphene-on-MoS2 binary heterostructures display remarkable dual optoelectronic functionality, including highly sensitive photodetection and gate-tunable persistent photoconductivity. The responsivity of the hybrids was found to be nearly 1 x 10(10) A W-1 at 130 K and 5 x 10(8) A W-1 at room temperature, making them the most sensitive graphene-based photodetectors. When subjected to time-dependent photoillumination, the hybrids could also function as a rewritable optoelectronic switch or memory, where the persistent state shows almost no relaxation or decay within experimental timescales, indicating near-perfect charge retention. These effects can be quantitatively explained by gate-tunable charge exchange between the graphene and MoS2 layers, and may lead to new graphene-based optoelectronic devices that are naturally scalable for large-area applications at room temperature.
- Published
- 2013
41. Structural, electrical and optical properties of sintered SnO2 pellets
- Author
-
Arindam Ghosh, Ayon Bhattacharjee, S. Tewari, and Navnita Kumari
- Subjects
Materials science ,Tin dioxide ,Infrared ,Mechanical Engineering ,Pellets ,Analytical chemistry ,Dielectric ,Conductivity ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Thermal conduction ,Characterization (materials science) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,General Materials Science ,Crystallite - Abstract
Tin dioxide (SnO2) powder was prepared by the co-precipitation method using SnCl2 solution as a precursor. The powder was then pelletized and sintered. Structural characterization of the samples with XRD confirmed that all the pellets were of SnO2 having polycrystalline nature with the crystallite size of the order of 90 nm. SEM-EDAX was used to confirm the morphology and composition of the samples. The measurements of electrical properties were carried out in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 100 kHz at various fixed temperatures from 40 °C to 160 °C. The a.c. conductivity and the dielectric constant were found to be dependent on both frequency and temperature. The frequency and temperature dependent conduction properties of SnO2 are found to be in accordance with correlated barrier hoping model. Infrared and visible spectroscopic studies show that a strong vibration band characteristic of the SnO2 stretching mode was present at around 620 cm−1 and the samples exhibited optical transmittance in the visible range.
- Published
- 2013
42. Physics of Electrical Noise in Graphene
- Author
-
Atindra Nath Pal, Srijit Goswami, Vidya Kochat, and Arindam Ghosh
- Subjects
Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Magnetoresistance ,Graphene ,law ,Quantum mechanics ,Graphene nanoribbons ,Universal conductance fluctuations ,law.invention - Published
- 2012
43. Effects of air annealing on CdS quantum dots thin film grown at room temperature by CBD technique intended for photosensor applications
- Author
-
Farha Y. Siddiqui, Arindam Ghosh, Anil V. Ghule, Shaheed U. Shaikh, Ramphal Sharma, Dipalee J. Desale, and Ravikiran B. Birajadar
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Scanning electron microscope ,Mechanical Engineering ,Nanotechnology ,Substrate (electronics) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Mechanics of Materials ,Quantum dot ,Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,Microscopy ,Optoelectronics ,Deposition (phase transition) ,General Materials Science ,Thin film ,business ,Chemical bath deposition - Abstract
CdS quantum dots thin-films have been deposited onto the glass substrate at room temperature using modified chemical bath deposition technique. The prepared thin films were further annealed in air atmosphere at 150, 250 and 350 °C for 1 h and subsequently characterized by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, electrical resistivity and I – V system. The modifications observed in morphology and opto-electrical properties of the thin films are presented.
- Published
- 2012
44. High-Voltage Modular Power Supply Using Parallel and Series Configurations of Flyback Converter for Pulsed Power Applications
- Author
-
Hidenori Akiyama, Arindam Ghosh, Firuz Zare, and Pooya Davari
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Flyback converter ,Flyback transformer ,Electrical engineering ,High voltage ,Insulated-gate bipolar transistor ,Modular design ,Pulsed power ,Condensed Matter Physics ,law.invention ,Capacitor ,law ,Power supply unit ,business - Abstract
To cover wide range of pulsed power applications, this paper proposes a modularity concept to improve the performance and flexibility of the pulsed power supply. The proposed scheme utilizes the advantage of parallel and series configurations of flyback modules in obtaining high-voltage levels with fast rise time (dv/dt). Prototypes were implemented using 600-V insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches to generate up to 4-kV output pulses with 1-kHz repetition rate for experimentation. To assess the proposed modular approach for higher number of the modules, prototypes were implemented using 1700-V IGBTs switches, based on ten-series modules, and tested up to 20 kV. Conducted experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.
- Published
- 2012
45. Ultralow-Noise Atomic-Scale Structures for Quantum Circuitry in Silicon
- Author
-
Saquib Shamim, Bent Weber, Arindam Ghosh, Michelle Y. Simmons, and Daniel W. Thompson
- Subjects
Materials science ,Silicon ,Nanowire ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic units ,law.invention ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Quantum information ,010306 general physics ,business.industry ,Physics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Doping ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,chemistry ,Quantum dot ,Optoelectronics ,Field-effect transistor ,Scanning tunneling microscope ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
The atomically precise: doping of silicon with phosphorus (Si:P) using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) promises ultimate miniaturization of field effect transistors. The one-dimensionaI (1D) Si:P nanowires :;are of particular interest, retaining exceptional conductivity down to the atomic scale, and are predicted as interconnects-for a scalable silicon-based quantum computer. Here, we show that ultrathin Si:P nanowires form one of the most-stable electrical conductors, with the phenomenological Hooge parameter of low-frequency noise-being as low as approximate to 10(-8) at 4.2 K, nearly 3-orders of magnitude lower than even carbon-nanotube-based 1D conductors. A in-built isolation from the-surface charge fluctuations due to encapsulation of the wires within the epitaxial-Si matrix is the dominant cause for the observed suppression of noise.-Apart from quantum information technology, Our results confirm the promising prospects for precision-doped Si:P structures in atomic-scale Circuitry for the 11 nm technology node and beyond.
- Published
- 2016
46. Quantized edge modes in atomic-scale point contacts in graphene
- Author
-
Amogh Kinikar, Semonti Bhattacharyya, Manish Jain, H. R. Krishnamurthy, Tathagata Biswas, Vijay B. Shenoy, Sanjoy K. Sarker, Adhip Agarwala, Arindam Ghosh, and T. Phanindra Sai
- Subjects
Condensed matter physics ,Graphene ,Biomedical Engineering ,Conductance ,Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Thermal conduction ,01 natural sciences ,Exfoliation joint ,Atomic units ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,law.invention ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Zigzag ,Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Electrical conductor - Abstract
The zigzag edges of single- or few-layer graphene are perfect one-dimensional conductors owing to a set of gapless states that are topologically protected against backscattering. Direct experimental evidence of these states has been limited so far to their local thermodynamic and magnetic properties, determined by the competing effects of edge topology and electron–electron interaction. However, experimental signatures of edge-bound electrical conduction have remained elusive, primarily due to the lack of graphitic nanostructures with low structural and/or chemical edge disorder. Here, we report the experimental detection of edge-mode electrical transport in suspended atomic-scale constrictions of single and multilayer graphene created during nanomechanical exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. The edge-mode transport leads to the observed quantization of conductance close to multiples of G0 = 2e2/h. At the same time, conductance plateaux at G0/2 and a split zero-bias anomaly in non-equilibrium transport suggest conduction via spin-polarized states in the presence of an electron–electron interaction. Graphene nanoconstrictions achieved via mechanical exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite evidence clear signatures of one-dimensional transport via zigzag edges.
- Published
- 2016
47. Magnitude and Origin of Electrical Noise at Individual Grain Boundaries in Graphene
- Author
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Tathagata Biswas, Vidya Kochat, Kamanio Chattopadhyay, Arindam Ghosh, Srinivasan Raghavan, Gopalakrishnan Ramalingam, Chandra Sekhar Tiwary, Manish Jain, and Kimberly Hsieh
- Subjects
Materials science ,Magnitude (mathematics) ,Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Noise (electronics) ,law.invention ,Quality (physics) ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,010306 general physics ,Conduction channel ,Condensed matter physics ,Scattering ,Graphene ,Mechanical Engineering ,Materials Research Centre ,Physics ,Materials Engineering (formerly Metallurgy) ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Graphene field effect transistors ,Centre for Nano Science and Engineering ,Grain boundary ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Grain boundaries (GBs) are undesired in large area layered 2D materials as they degrade the device quality and their electronic performance. Here we show that the grain boundaries in graphene which induce additional scattering of carriers in the conduction channel also act as an additional and strong source of electrical noise especially at the room temperature. From graphene field effect transistors consisting of single GB, we find that the electrical noise across the graphene GBs can be nearly 10 000 times larger than the noise from equivalent dimensions in single crystalline graphene. At high carrier densities (n), the noise magnitude across the GBs decreases as proportional to 1/n, suggesting Hooge-type mobility fluctuations, whereas at low n close to the Dirac point, the noise magnitude could be quantitatively described by the fluctuations in the number of propagating modes across the GB.
- Published
- 2015
48. Bulk-Induced 1/f Noise at the Surface of Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators
- Author
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Mitali Banerjee, Semonti Bhattacharyya, Hariharan Nhalil, Chandan Dasgupta, Arindam Ghosh, Saurav Islam, and Suja Elizabeth
- Subjects
Surface (mathematics) ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Physics ,General Engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanotechnology ,Charge (physics) ,Generation–recombination noise ,Impurity ,Topological insulator ,General Materials Science ,Flicker noise ,Noise (radio) ,Surface states - Abstract
Slow intrinsic fluctuations of resistance, also known as the flicker noise or 1/f-noise, in the surface transport of strong topological insulators (TIs) is a poorly understood phenomenon. Here, we have systematically explored the 1/f-noise in field-effect transistors (FET) of mechanically exfoliated Bi1.6Sb0.4Te2Se TI films when transport occurs predominantly via the surface states. We find that the slow kinetics of the charge disorder within the bulk of the TI induces mobility fluctuations at the surface, providing a new source of intrinsic 1/f-noise that is unique to bulk TI systems. At small channel thickness, the noise magnitude can be extremely small, corresponding to the phenomenological Hooge parameter gamma(H) as low as approximate to 10(-4), but it increases rapidly when channel thickness exceeds similar to 1 mu m. From the temperature (T)-dependence of noise, which displayed sharp peaks at characteristic values of T, we identified generation-recombination processes from interband transitions within the TI bulk as the dominant source of the mobility fluctuations in surface transport. Our experiment not only establishes an intrinsic microscopic origin of noise in TI surface channels, but also reveals a unique spectroscopic information on the impurity bands that can be useful in bulk TI systems in general.
- Published
- 2015
49. Theory of mirrored time domain sampling for NMR spectroscopy
- Author
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Yunfen He, Yibing Wu, Arindam Ghosh, and Thomas Szyperski
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Hypercomplex number ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Time Factors ,Fourier Analysis ,Mathematical analysis ,Biophysics ,Phase (waves) ,Time evolution ,Analytical chemistry ,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Biochemistry ,Absorption ,symbols.namesake ,Amplitude ,Fourier analysis ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,symbols ,Trigonometric functions ,Indicators and Reagents ,Time domain ,Linear combination ,Algorithms - Abstract
A generalized theory is presented for novel mirrored hypercomplex time domain sampling (MHS) of NMR spectra. It is the salient new feature of MHS that two interferograms are acquired with different directionality of time evolution, that is, one is sampled forward from time t=0 to the maximal evolution time tmax, while the second is sampled backward from t=0 to -tmax. The sampling can be accomplished in a (semi) constant time or non constant-time manner. Subsequently, the two interferograms are linearly combined to yield a complex time domain signal. The manifold of MHS schemes considered here is defined by arbitrary settings of sampling phases ('primary phase shifts') and amplitudes of the two interferograms. It is shown that, for any two given primary phase shifts, the addition theorems of trigonometric functions yield the unique linear combination required to form the complex signal. In the framework of clean absorption mode (CAM) acquisition of NMR spectra being devoid of residual dispersive signal components, 'secondary phase shifts' represent time domain phase errors which are to be eliminated. In contrast, such secondary phase shifts may be introduced by experimental design in order to encode additional NMR parameters, a new class of NMR experiments proposed here. For generalization, it is further considered that secondary phase shifts may depend on primary phase shifts and/or sampling directionality. In order to compare with MHS theory, a correspondingly generalized theory is derived for widely used hypercomplex ('States') sampling (HS). With generalized theory it is shown, first, that previously introduced 'canonical' schemes, characterized by primary phases being multiples of π/4, afford maximal intensity of the desired absorptive signals in the absence of secondary phase shifts, and second, how primary phases can be adjusted to maximize the signal intensity provided that the secondary phase shifts are known. Third, it is demonstrated that theory enables one to accurately measure secondary phase shifts and amplitude imbalances. Application to constant time 2D [13C, 1H]-HSQC spectra recorded for a protein sample with canonical MHS/HS schemes showed that accurate CAM data acquisition can be readily implemented on modern spectrometers for experiments based on through-bond polarization transfer. Fourth, when moderate variations of secondary phase shifts with primary phase shift and/or sampling directionality are encountered, generalized theory allowed comparison of the robustness of different MHS/HS schemes for CAM data acquisition, and thus to identify the scheme best suited to suppress dispersive peak components and quadrature image peaks. Moreover, it is shown that for spectra acquired with several indirect evolution periods, the best suited scheme can be identified independently for each of the periods.
- Published
- 2011
50. Enhancement of LPG sensing properties in nanocrystalline zinc oxide thin film by high electronic excitation
- Author
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Arindam Ghosh, Ramphal Sharma, Anil V. Ghule, Ravikiran B. Birajadar, and Fouran Singh
- Subjects
Materials science ,Metals and Alloys ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Ionic bonding ,Nanotechnology ,Zinc ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Fluence ,Nanocrystalline material ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Adsorption ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Irradiation ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Thin film ,Instrumentation ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
We present an efficient detection of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) using zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films irradiated with swift heavy ions (SHI) of 120 MeV Au9+ ions. The nanostructured ZnO thin films on ITO glass substrates were synthesized using a simple, low cost, and efficient successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. The as-synthesized thin films were annealed at 250 °C (pristine) in vacuum atmosphere (10−2 Torr) for 1 h and these films were further irradiated using SHI of 120 MeV Au9+ ions with different fluence 3 × 1012 and 5 × 1012 ions/cm2, respectively. SHI induced modification in structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of ZnO thin films were studied. We observed significant enhancement in LPG gas sensing properties in the ZnO thin films on irradiation with fluence 5 × 1012 ions/cm2, especially showing maximum sensitivity to LPG at (200 °C) with LPG concentration of 200 ppm. In addition, irradiated ZnO thin film sensors displayed fast response and recovery time. The observed improvement in gas sensing properties is mainly attributed to the formation of cabbage leaf-like porous ZnO nanostructures throughout the film surface after irradiation. These results along with a simple fabrication process demonstrate that the ZnO thin films irradiated using 120 MeV Au9+ ions with fluence 5 × 1012 ions/cm2 is promising for developing low cost and high performance LPG sensors.
- Published
- 2011
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