Search

In this paper, quantum chemical calculations and Gaussian 09 software were used to investigate the similarities and differences in the reactive sites of different fatty acids. The molecule structures of linoleic acid (LA) and four conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were analyzed at the level of density functional theory. Molecular geometries and energies, frontline molecular orbitals, and surface electrostatic potentials were also analyzed. The results showed that the reactive of LA and CLA among the five fatty acids were all near the –C = C– structure and the carboxyl hydrogen atom, 9c, 11t CLA and 10t, 12c CLA were more reactive compared with 9t, 11t CLA, 10t, 12t CLA. This study can provide a theoretical basis for revealing the relationship between different structures and properties of fatty acids and also provide a guidance for the selection of fatty acids in the oil and fat industry. Practical Applications: This experiment compares the differences between the reactive sites of CLA and the four CLAs at the molecular structure level, which can be used to deepen the understanding of the structure‐property relationship of different fatty acids and also provides a theoretical basis for the selection of fatty acids in the food and oil industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjugated safflower seed oil (CSSO) was used as the base oil, and beeswax (BW) was used as the gelling agent to prepare BW-CSSO oleogel. The effects of different additions of wax on the properties of BW-CSSO oleogel, as well as their oxidative stability, were investigated. The results indicated that an oleogel could be formed with CSSO at a BW concentration of 5 wt% at 25 °C, and the oil-holding capacity and hardness of the oleogel increased significantly as the BW concentration increased from 5 wt% to 11 wt%. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the peak crystallization and melting temperatures of the oleogel generally increased with the increase of wax addition, and both the crystallization and melting peaks became clearer and sharper. The rheological results indicated that all the samples showed shear-thinning behavior and higher concentrations of BW-CSSO oleogel were more capable of forming robust structures with lower frequency dependence. The free fatty acid release rate from BW-CSSO oleogel decreased with increasing BW concentration because the oleogel was stronger due to the formation of a more robust network, and the network of strong crystals influences the contact between lipase and oil, slowing down the release of oil from the interior of the oleogel structure and affecting the hydrolysis of oil. The network structure of the oleogel could inhibit the generation of CSSO secondary oxidation products and improve the oxidative stability of CSSO. This study provides the relevant parameters of the BW-CSSO oleogel and lays the foundation for subsequent studies. [Display omitted] • Safflower seed oil is rich in linoleic acid. • Beeswax and conjugated safflower seed oil can be prepared as an oleogel. • The minimum concentration of beeswax-conjugated safflower seed oil oleogel was 5 wt%. • Beeswax-conjugated safflower seed oil gel has good antioxidant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Sn-1-lysophosphatidylcholine underwent acyl migration due to structural instability. • Acyl migration rate was higher under acidic or alkaline conditions. • Nitrogen/vacuum increased yield of conjugated linoleic acid lysophosphatidylcholine. • The maximum yield was achieved when the vacuum pressure was 13.3 KPa. Sn -Glycerol-3 - phosphatidylcholine (GPC) was prepared by hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) catalyzed by phospholipase A 1 (PLA 1). Nitrogen flow assisted the esterification of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and GPC to produce conjugated linoleic acid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC − CLA). The effects of different reaction conditions on the PC conversion and acyl migration rates were investigated, and the acyl migration mechanism under acidic and alkaline conditions was studied. In addition, the optimum conditions for the esterification of CLA and GPC were selected. The optimal condition for the hydrolysis of PC was an enzyme loading of 5 %, pH of 5, reaction temperature of 50 ℃, and reaction time of 3 h. The results also showed that the maximum esterification rate reached 82.37 % at an enzyme loading of 15 %, CLA/GPC molar ratio of 50:1, and vacuum pressure of 13.3 kPa. This study not only improved the bioavailability of PC but also effectively increased the content of LPC − CLA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oils are susceptible to oxidation, so encapsulation of them with small molecule gels and proteins through dynamic high-pressure microfluidization is an effective method of protection. In this study, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-rich oil-in-water oleogel emulsions (CLA-Og/W) was prepared by dynamic high-pressure microfluidization. By results, when dynamic high-pressure microfluidization pressure was 80 MPa, zeta potential of CLA-Og/W was −38 mV, the droplet size decreased to 91.3 nm. The surface roughness of the CLA-Og/W reduced to a minimum of 2.75 nm at 80 MPa. The surface tension decreased to 38.36 mN/m. The rheological properties showed that the microfluidized CLA-Og/W had favorable viscoelasticity and increased apparent viscosity. In addition, the fatty acid composition of CLA-Og/W did not change significantly compared to CLA-safflower seed oil. After 14 d of storage at 60 °C, the CLA content of CLA-Og/W was 40.19%. Consequently, CLA-Og/W treated with dynamic high-pressure microfluidization had more stable physicochemical properties and better retention of CLA. • Oleogel emulsion was prepared by dynamic high-pressure microfluidization. • Minimum droplet size obtained at 80 MPa processing pressure. • After 14 d of storage at 60 °C, the conjugated linoleic acid was 40.19%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]