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Potrošač na tržištu nerijetko ulazi u poslovne transakcije u kojima radi financiranja kupnje određenih proizvoda ili usluga, sklapa ugovor o kreditu koji mu je ponuđen na temelju prethodnog sporazuma prodavatelja robe ili pružatelja usluge i davatelja kredita. Pritom se izlaže riziku da prodavatelj robe, odnosno pružatelj usluge ne ispuni ili neuredno ispuni svoju ugovornu obvezu. Prema općim pravilima o ugovornoj odgovornosti potrošač bi morao otplaćivati kredit iako mu ugovor radi kojeg je sklopio ugovor o kreditu nije uredno ili nije uopće ispunjen. Preuzimanjem odredbe čl. 11. Direktive 87/102/EEZ u Zakon o zaštiti potrošača u hrvatsko je pravo uveden za potrošača izrazito važan institut povezanih ugovora o kreditu, koji mu daje prava koja mu nisu dostupna prema općim pravilima o ugovornoj odgovornosti. U slučaju neuspješnog ostvarivanja prava naspram prodavatelja ili pružatelja usluge, potrošač svoja prava može ostvarivati naspram davatelja kredita. Iako je čl. 83. Zakona o zaštiti potrošača u mnogočemu izašao izvan minimalnog stupnja zaštite potrošača kojeg je u pogledu povezanih ugovora o kreditu propisivao čl. 11. Direktive 87/102/EEZ, isto se nije ponovilo prilikom usklađivanja s člankom 15. njezine nasljednice Direktive 2008/48/EZ. Suprotno načelu maksimalne harmonizacije na kojem se Direktiva 2008/48/EZ temelji, hrvatski zakonodavac u Zakon o potrošačkom kreditiranju nedostatno preuzima spomenutu odredbu potpuno izmijenivši njezin sadržaj i značenje. Stoga autorica u radu ukazuje na potrebu hitne izmjene čl. 15. Zakona o potrošačkom kreditiranju o povezanim ugovorima o kreditu s ciljem usklađivanja s odredbama Direktive 2008/48/EZ i povišenjem stupnja zaštite potrošača. I konačno autorica na primjeru njemačke sudske prakse i prakse Europskog suda pravde ukazuje na važnost odredaba o povezanim ugovorima o kreditu i na učestale probleme koji se javljaju u praksi., A consumer in the market frequently enters into business transactions stipulating the credit agreement granted for acquisition of certain goods or services which was offered to him according to a previous agreement between the supplier of goods or services and the grantor of the credit. In such cases, he exposes himself to the risk of supplier’s non-performance or defective performance of the contractual obligation. According to the general rules of contractual responsibility, the consumer shall have to repay a credit by instalments although the contract, because of which he stipulated a credit agreement, is defectively performed or non-performed at all. Nevertheless, after the implementation of the Article 11 of the Directive 87/102/EEC into the Consumer Protection Act, a very important institute for consumers has been introduced into Croatian law, the institute of associated credit agreements. The institute entitles the consumer with rights which are not given to him according to general rules on contractual responsibility. In case of an unsuccessful exercise of the rights in regards to the supplier of goods or services, the consumer may exercise his rights against the grantor of the credit. Although the Article 83 of the Consumer Protection Act has stepped out from the minimum level of consumer protection in lots of diverse elements, which was prescribed by the Article 11 of the Directive 87/102/EEC with respect to associated credit agreements, the same approach was not applied when provisions were adjusted to conform to the Article 15 of the repealing Directive 2008/48/EC. Contrary to the principle of maximum harmonisation which was a basis for the Directive 2008/48/EC, Croatian legislator has implemented the above mentioned provision with considerable insufficiency totally revising its content and meaning. Therefore, the author in the article points at urgent need to amend the Article 15 of the Consumer Credit Code governing the associate credit agreements with the aim to harmonise it with the Directive 2008/48/EC and to increase level of consumer protection. In conclusive remarks the author presents examples of German case law and European Court of Justice practice and emphasizes the importance of provisions governing the associated credit contracts and frequent issues arising in practice.

Potrošač na tržištu nerijetko ulazi u poslovne transakcije u kojima radi financiranja kupnje određenih proizvoda ili usluga, sklapa ugovor o kreditu koji mu je ponuđen na temelju prethodnog sporazuma prodavatelja robe ili pružatelja usluge i davatelja kredita. Pritom se izlaže riziku da prodavatelj robe, odnosno pružatelj usluge ne ispuni ili neuredno ispuni svoju ugovornu obvezu. Prema općim pravilima o ugovornoj odgovornosti potrošač bi morao otplaćivati kredit iako mu ugovor radi kojeg je sklopio ugovor o kreditu nije uredno ili nije uopće ispunjen. Preuzimanjem odredbe čl. 11. Direktive 87/102/EEZ u Zakon o zaštiti potrošača u hrvatsko je pravo uveden za potrošača izrazito važan institut povezanih ugovora o kreditu, koji mu daje prava koja mu nisu dostupna prema općim pravilima o ugovornoj odgovornosti. U slučaju neuspješnog ostvarivanja prava naspram prodavatelja ili pružatelja usluge, potrošač svoja prava može ostvarivati naspram davatelja kredita. Iako je čl. 83. Zakona o zaštiti potrošača u mnogočemu izašao izvan minimalnog stupnja zaštite potrošača kojeg je u pogledu povezanih ugovora o kreditu propisivao čl. 11. Direktive 87/102/EEZ, isto se nije ponovilo prilikom usklađivanja s člankom 15. njezine nasljednice Direktive 2008/48/EZ. Suprotno načelu maksimalne harmonizacije na kojem se Direktiva 2008/48/EZ temelji, hrvatski zakonodavac u Zakon o potrošačkom kreditiranju nedostatno preuzima spomenutu odredbu potpuno izmijenivši njezin sadržaj i značenje. Stoga autorica u radu ukazuje na potrebu hitne izmjene čl. 15. Zakona o potrošačkom kreditiranju o povezanim ugovorima o kreditu s ciljem usklađivanja s odredbama Direktive 2008/48/EZ i povišenjem stupnja zaštite potrošača. I konačno autorica na primjeru njemačke sudske prakse i prakse Europskog suda pravde ukazuje na važnost odredaba o povezanim ugovorima o kreditu i na učestale probleme koji se javljaju u praksi., A consumer in the market frequently enters into business transactions stipulating the credit agreement granted for acquisition of certain goods or services which was offered to him according to a previous agreement between the supplier of goods or services and the grantor of the credit. In such cases, he exposes himself to the risk of supplier’s non-performance or defective performance of the contractual obligation. According to the general rules of contractual responsibility, the consumer shall have to repay a credit by instalments although the contract, because of which he stipulated a credit agreement, is defectively performed or non-performed at all. Nevertheless, after the implementation of the Article 11 of the Directive 87/102/EEC into the Consumer Protection Act, a very important institute for consumers has been introduced into Croatian law, the institute of associated credit agreements. The institute entitles the consumer with rights which are not given to him according to general rules on contractual responsibility. In case of an unsuccessful exercise of the rights in regards to the supplier of goods or services, the consumer may exercise his rights against the grantor of the credit. Although the Article 83 of the Consumer Protection Act has stepped out from the minimum level of consumer protection in lots of diverse elements, which was prescribed by the Article 11 of the Directive 87/102/EEC with respect to associated credit agreements, the same approach was not applied when provisions were adjusted to conform to the Article 15 of the repealing Directive 2008/48/EC. Contrary to the principle of maximum harmonisation which was a basis for the Directive 2008/48/EC, Croatian legislator has implemented the above mentioned provision with considerable insufficiency totally revising its content and meaning. Therefore, the author in the article points at urgent need to amend the Article 15 of the Consumer Credit Code governing the associate credit agreements with the aim to harmonise it with the Directive 2008/48/EC and to increase level of consumer protection. In conclusive remarks the author presents examples of German case law and European Court of Justice practice and emphasizes the importance of provisions governing the associated credit contracts and frequent issues arising in practice.

U radu se proučava pravo potrošača na prijevremenu otplatu kredita kao jedan od instituta kojima se nastoji povisiti stupanj zaštite potrošača u okviru potrošačkog kreditiranja. Osim što predstavlja element zaštite potrošača, pravo na prijevremenu otplatu kredita predstavlja i instrument za poticanje tržišnog natjecanja, time što omogućava veću mobilnost klijenata kreditnih institucija. Ovo izuzetno važno pravo potrošača trenutno je uređeno odredbama Glave IX. Zakona o zaštiti potrošača o potrošačkom zajmu. Supsidijarno se također primjenjuju i odredbe Zakona o obveznim odnosima o ugovoru o kreditu. Kao posljedica daljnje harmonizacije hrvatskog prava s pravom Europske unije, hrvatski je zakonodavac preuzeo Direktivu 2008/48/EZ o ugovorima o potrošačkom kreditu usvajanjem Zakona o potrošačkom kreditiranju. Novi Zakon koji stupa na snagu 1. siječnja 2010. godine, radikalno reformira pitanje prijevremene otplate kredita i predstavlja važan iskorak u odnosu na dosadašnje rješenje iz Zakona o zaštiti potrošača. Stoga je zadatak ovoga rada predstaviti glavne novine i prednosti koje novi Zakon o potrošačkom kreditiranju donosi u odnosu na trenutno važeće zakonsko uređenje prijevremene otplate kredita. Također će se ukazati i na neke nedostatke novog uređenja prijevremene otplate kredita, te pokušati dati prijedloge za njihovo otklanjanje., The author in the article analyses consumer’s right to early repay his credit as an institute created for a better protection of consumers in the field of consumer credits. Apart from constituting the element of consumer protection, the right to early repay a credit stands as an instrument to stimulate competition due to its effect to enable better mobility of credit institutions clients. This highly important right is currently regulated by the provisions of Chapter IX on consumer credit of the Consumer Protection Act. Moreover, provisions of the Civil Obligations Act regulating the credit agreement have been subsidiary applied. As a consequence of further harmonisation of Croatian law with the European Union law, Croatian legislator adopted the Directive 2008/48/EC on Credit Agreements for Consumers by enactment of the Consumer Credit Code. The new Code being in force from the 1st of January, 2010, has radically reformed the early credit repayment issue. It presents an important lunge in respect to former solutions from the Consumer Protection Act. Therefore, the author made an effort to present in this article the most important novelties and advantages brought forward by the Consumer Credit Code in regard to legislative regulations currently in force governing the early credit repayment. Moreover, the author pointed at certain imperfections of the new early credit repayment regulations and suggested proposals de lege ferenda., Das Thema der vorliegenden Arbeit ist das Recht des Verbrauchers auf vorzeitige Kreditabzahlung, was zum Verbraucherschutz im Rahmen der Verbraucherkreditierung beiträgt. Darüber hinaus fördert das Recht auf vorzeitige Kreditabzahlung den Wettbewerb an, indem es größere Mobilität von Kunden der Kreditinstitutionen ermöglicht. Verordnungen zum Verbraucherdarlehen aus Kapitel IX des Verbraucherschutzgesetzes regeln dieses äußerst wichtige Recht eines Verbrauchers. Subsidiär anwendbar seien auch Verordnungen zum Verbraucherkredit aus dem Gesetz über Schuldverhältnisse. Im Rahmen weiterer Harmonisierung des kroatischen Rechts mit dem Recht der Europäischen Union, hat der kroatische Gesetzgeber die EU-Richtlinie 2008/48 über Verbraucherkreditverträge durch die Verabschiedung des Gesetzes zur Verbraucherkreditierung am 1 Januar 2010 übernommen. Diese Arbeit beabsichtigt die Neuigkeiten wie auch Vorteile der neuen Gesetzesregelung zur vorzeitigen Kreditabzahlung, in Bezug auf die zur Zeit gültige Gesetzgebung, darzustellen. Zu diesem Zweck wird auch auf einige Mängel hingewiesen, wobei Vorschläge zur Beseitigung dieser Mängel vorgelegt werden.

U radu se proučava pravo potrošača na prijevremenu otplatu kredita kao jedan od instituta kojima se nastoji povisiti stupanj zaštite potrošača u okviru potrošačkog kreditiranja. Osim što predstavlja element zaštite potrošača, pravo na prijevremenu otplatu kredita predstavlja i instrument za poticanje tržišnog natjecanja, time što omogućava veću mobilnost klijenata kreditnih institucija. Ovo izuzetno važno pravo potrošača trenutno je uređeno odredbama Glave IX. Zakona o zaštiti potrošača o potrošačkom zajmu. Supsidijarno se također primjenjuju i odredbe Zakona o obveznim odnosima o ugovoru o kreditu. Kao posljedica daljnje harmonizacije hrvatskog prava s pravom Europske unije, hrvatski je zakonodavac preuzeo Direktivu 2008/48/EZ o ugovorima o potrošačkom kreditu usvajanjem Zakona o potrošačkom kreditiranju. Novi Zakon koji stupa na snagu 1. siječnja 2010. godine, radikalno reformira pitanje prijevremene otplate kredita i predstavlja važan iskorak u odnosu na dosadašnje rješenje iz Zakona o zaštiti potrošača. Stoga je zadatak ovoga rada predstaviti glavne novine i prednosti koje novi Zakon o potrošačkom kreditiranju donosi u odnosu na trenutno važeće zakonsko uređenje prijevremene otplate kredita. Također će se ukazati i na neke nedostatke novog uređenja prijevremene otplate kredita, te pokušati dati prijedloge za njihovo otklanjanje., The author in the article analyses consumer’s right to early repay his credit as an institute created for a better protection of consumers in the field of consumer credits. Apart from constituting the element of consumer protection, the right to early repay a credit stands as an instrument to stimulate competition due to its effect to enable better mobility of credit institutions clients. This highly important right is currently regulated by the provisions of Chapter IX on consumer credit of the Consumer Protection Act. Moreover, provisions of the Civil Obligations Act regulating the credit agreement have been subsidiary applied. As a consequence of further harmonisation of Croatian law with the European Union law, Croatian legislator adopted the Directive 2008/48/EC on Credit Agreements for Consumers by enactment of the Consumer Credit Code. The new Code being in force from the 1st of January, 2010, has radically reformed the early credit repayment issue. It presents an important lunge in respect to former solutions from the Consumer Protection Act. Therefore, the author made an effort to present in this article the most important novelties and advantages brought forward by the Consumer Credit Code in regard to legislative regulations currently in force governing the early credit repayment. Moreover, the author pointed at certain imperfections of the new early credit repayment regulations and suggested proposals de lege ferenda., Das Thema der vorliegenden Arbeit ist das Recht des Verbrauchers auf vorzeitige Kreditabzahlung, was zum Verbraucherschutz im Rahmen der Verbraucherkreditierung beiträgt. Darüber hinaus fördert das Recht auf vorzeitige Kreditabzahlung den Wettbewerb an, indem es größere Mobilität von Kunden der Kreditinstitutionen ermöglicht. Verordnungen zum Verbraucherdarlehen aus Kapitel IX des Verbraucherschutzgesetzes regeln dieses äußerst wichtige Recht eines Verbrauchers. Subsidiär anwendbar seien auch Verordnungen zum Verbraucherkredit aus dem Gesetz über Schuldverhältnisse. Im Rahmen weiterer Harmonisierung des kroatischen Rechts mit dem Recht der Europäischen Union, hat der kroatische Gesetzgeber die EU-Richtlinie 2008/48 über Verbraucherkreditverträge durch die Verabschiedung des Gesetzes zur Verbraucherkreditierung am 1 Januar 2010 übernommen. Diese Arbeit beabsichtigt die Neuigkeiten wie auch Vorteile der neuen Gesetzesregelung zur vorzeitigen Kreditabzahlung, in Bezug auf die zur Zeit gültige Gesetzgebung, darzustellen. Zu diesem Zweck wird auch auf einige Mängel hingewiesen, wobei Vorschläge zur Beseitigung dieser Mängel vorgelegt werden.