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The aim of this study was to validate the Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI) for use in a South African context. The process of scale validation also sheds significant light on this culturally diverse group of participants’ levels of psychological well-being and physical health, and its association with the level of stress that teachers reported. Using a cross-sectional survey design, Caucasian ( n = 209) and African ( n = 200) educators’ subsiding in the North-West Province of South Africa, completed the TSI, together with a number of self-report and physiological measures of stress and well-being. In contrast to the five factors of the TSI identified in US samples, statistical analysis yielded a two-factor model (i.e. General circumstance-related stress and Learner-related stress ) with satisfactory reliability indices. Significant correlation with measures of psychological and physiological health also reflected positively on the criterion-related validity of the scale. The TSI proved to be a useful, brief self-report questionnaire for the assessment of teacher stress in this cohort of South African teachers. Keywords: psychological well-being; reliability; South African context; stress; Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI); validity

In attempting to manage and cope with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, varying health strategies were implemented by governments worldwide The South African government passed legislation implementing a lockdown in the country which included a prohibition of the sale and transportation of alcohol and cigarettes In this contribution, the impact of this legislation on the mental health of those in addiction and those in recovery was explored Against the backdrop of the global political climate of COVID-19, factors influencing the concepts of health and healing were questioned National online recovery groups were identified as interventions aimed at promoting a sense of community in the face of social isolation and social distancing The integration of shared ideas between Christian theology and positive psychology relating to the concept of self-control was explored Building forth on, ‘The interface of religion, spirituality and mental health in a South African context: Naming the unnamed conflict’ attitudes of collaboration between the two worlds of psychology and pastoral ministry included, amongst others, humility, integrity, honesty and teachableness These attitudes were linked to underlying spiritual pillars of recovery evident in the Christian-based online recovery groups of Project Exodus Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: These online recovery groups provided an example of an interdisciplinary approach to healing where psychology and Christian spirituality, as represented by mental health professionals, pastors and others in community, collaborated and encouraged the taking of personal responsibility, and supported the collective love, compassion and care towards those struggling with addiction, and those in recovery during the COVID-19 lockdown in South Africa © 2021 The Authors Licensee: AOSIS

Orientation: The effective and timely bankruptcy prediction is crucial to the survival of companies. In order to attain a desired result an effective bankruptcy prediction tool needs to be applied within a South African context. Research purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether bankruptcy could have been predicted within the 5 years prior to failure for the study period between 2016 and 2018. Motivation for the study: Most of the bankruptcy prediction studies in South Africa are industry- or sector-based, not many studies are found to be generic, easy to use and apply, and thus one model is applied for different industries or sectors. Research approach/design and method: From the population, the total sample consists of five companies within four different sectors, such as industrial, construction, retail, and personal and household sectors. Financial indicators (financial ratios) were obtained for both the BPIA and EMS from the INET (a South African supplier of quality financial data) McGregor BFA database, a JSE portal. A mixed-method research approach was applied by making use of a qualitative and quantitative methodology. Main findings: The findings revealed that the BPIA is an effective and reliable analytical tool to predict or detect the bankruptcy of South African companies. Practical/managerial implications: Based on the finding of the study companies within diverse industries should apply the BPIA regularly and take remedial action significantly to improve their financial well-being. Contribution/value add: The study has identified the BPIA has a better prediction accuracy than the renowned EMS model in South African context.

This article explores how ministerial and leadership formation could be enabled to adopt transformational diaconia in addressing poverty in South Africa, engaging in ways in which pastoral care and leadership formation can respond to the addressing of poverty. The fact that transformation aims at changing the worldviews, paradigms and approaches to life and problem solving informs the author's concept of transformational diaconia, which was proposed as an aspect of spiritual leadership capital (SLC), defined as, 'The inner virtues afforded individuals by their spirituality in formulating their leadership paradigms which contributes to social capital formation for addressing social problems'. Spiritual leadership capital is hereby argued to be a transformative spirituality that can enable an understanding and sustainable responses to poverty and other social problems. This is needed for Africa and particularly for the present day South Africa, seemingly a country with the best infrastructure in Africa; yet its poverty seems pronounced because the dregs of apartheid still lurk in the social fibre, where poor people blame rich people for their plight and vice versa. Bowers Du Toit's view that '[m]ost congregations respond to poverty by providing relief and not empowerment', re-echoes here. From a mixed-methods research, SLC is a theory recently advanced as a congregational development paradigm and a theology of poverty, which views public theology as an educative praxis that can respond to transformational needs in poverty-related contexts. The authors suggest that for a Church that is responsive to the plight of society, fresh empowerment approaches to address poverty are needed.

Although much research is currently undertaken on interpreting in South Africa, the profession and academic discourse lack standardised interpreting terminology, especially in the indigenous languages. One possible reason for this relates to the unique South African interpreting context compared to the rest of the world.It is against this backdrop that a decision was taken to translate the 2008 work, Terminologie van het tolken, by Salaets, Segers and Bloemen, published by Vantilt in Nijmegen, into Afrikaans, English, Northern Sotho and Zulu. However, right from the outset it became clear that a direct translation of the lemma list would not suffice and that a domestication translation strategy should be followed for the South African context.Firstly, it was necessary to expand the lemma list to provide for educational interpreting as practised in South Africa. Secondly, it became clear that the examples used for the purposes of elucidation would have to be localised. Thirdly, the source list contains several terms that are unique to a Dutch (and European) context, but which are not relevant in South Africa. Such terms were cautiously identified and omitted from the target list. The source list includes a number of terms from foreign languages (mostly French terms, for example cheval, décalage, déclic, perroquet) that were retained in Dutch and English, but for which new terms had to be coined in the indigenous languages in order to increase semantic accessibility for a local audience. The changes in the lemma list also necessitated certain editorial interventions.This article reports on the translation and localization process and the concomitant utilization of a predominantly domestication translation strategy to accomplish this purpose.Keywords: interpreting, terminology, South African context, translation strategy, localisation

This article reviews several models that are aimed at achieving fair selection in situations in which underrepresented groups tend to obtain lower scores on selection tests. Whereas predictive bias is a statistical concept that refers to systematic errors in the prediction of individuals' criterion scores, selection fairness pertains to the extent to which selection results meet certain socio-political demands. The regression and equal-risk models adjust for differences in the criterion-on-test regression lines of different groups. The constant ratio, conditional probability and equal probability models manipulate the test cutoff scores of different groups so that certain ratios formed between different selection outcomes (correct acceptances, correct rejections, incorrect acceptances, incorrect rejections) are the same for such groups. The decision-theoretic approach requires that utilities be attached to these different outcomes for different groups. These procedures are not only eminently suited to accommodate calls for affirmative action, but they also serve the cause of transparency. Opsomming Hierdie artikel verskaf 'n oorsig van verskeie modelle om billike keuring te verkry in situasies waar onderverteen-woordigende groepe geneig is om swakker op keuringstoetse te vaar. Terwyl voorspellingsydigheid 'n statistiese begrip is wat betrekking het op stelselmatige foute in die voorspelling van individue se kriteriumtellings, het keuringsbillikheid te make met die mate waarin keuringsresultate aan sekere sosiaal-politieke vereistes voldoen. Die regressieen gelyke-risiko-modelle maak aanpassings vir verskille in die kriterium-op-toetsregressielyne van verskillende groepe. Die konstante-verhoudings, voorwaardelike-waarskynlikheids- en gelyke-waarskynlikheidsmodelle manipuleer die toetsafkappunte van verskillende groepe sodat sekere verhoudings wat tussen keuringsresultate (korrekte aanvaardings, verkeerde aanvaardings, korrekte verwerpings, verkeerde verwerpings) gevorm word, vir verskillende groepe dieselfde is. Die besluitnemingsbenadering vereis dat nutwaardes geheg word aan die verskillende gebeurlikhede by verskillende groepe. Nie alleen is hierdie prosedures by uitnemendheid geskik om oproepe tot regstellende aksie te akkommodeer nie, maar hulle voldoen ook aan die eis van deursigtigheid.

Orientation: The main focus of the study was to answer the question: ‘Who am I at work?’ in a post-apartheid South African organisation. Research purpose: The aim of the specific research questions was to determine which life sphere and life role elements, and which work-based identity facets were significant in forming work-based identity. Motivation for the study: The findings of the study will enable the formulation of an integrative definition of work-based identity applicable to the South African context. Research design, approach and method: Qualitative data was collected by means of unstructured interviews with 29 employees representing a range of job titles, levels and demographics in a large South African manufacturing company. A grounded theory approach (open and axial coding) was used to analyse the data. Main findings: Distinctive individual self-definitions and a number of common themes integrating social and personal identity perspectives emerged from the data. These themes provided a sound basis for the proposed integrative model to define work-based identity. Practical/managerial implications: The findings of this research will assist human resource practitioners to develop training interventions and management strategies for the potential enhancement of work-based identities. This will result in a more engaged and harmonised workforce. Contribution/value-add: This was the first study of its kind to identify and delineate significant work-based identity elements for the formation of a work-based identity within a South African work context.

Cas Wepener is a brilliant and committed young liturgist. This book is based on his doctoral thesis in the Afrikaans language (Stellenbosch University 2004), roughly double the length of this published From Fast to Feast, but this book is a fundamental revision of the thesis. Wepener�s work on reconciliation as practised in the liturgy is still very relevant in our post-apartheid context in South Africa and will be topical for some time to come.