112 results on '"Parasitismo"'
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2. Native parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Serra da Bodoquena National Park-MS, Brazil.
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de Almeida, Luciano Brasil Martins, Coelho, João Batista, Guimarães, Jorge Anderson, and Uchoa, Manoel Araecio
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FRUIT flies , *TEPHRITIDAE , *HYMENOPTERA , *DIPTERA , *GUAVA , *BRACONIDAE , *FRUIT trees , *ANASTREPHA - Abstract
Fruit flies are among the main groups of phytophagous insects. Their larvae, when feeding on the pulp or seeds of the host fruits, can cause rot and favor the entrance of pathogens. Thus, the objectives of this study was: (1) To know the trophic associations between species of parasitoids and fruit flies in the Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena (PNSB)-MS, Brazil. (2) To inventory the parasitoid species associated with fruit flies in fruit trees in the Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena. Monthly expeditions were carried out (From Jan 2017 to Feb 2018) in order to collect the fruits and obtain the fruit flies (Tephritidae) and their respective parasitoids. The collected fruits were transported to the laboratory of frugivorous insects (LIF) of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD)-MS. The fruit fly larvae were daily collected and placed in transparent acrylic cups containing sterilized sand, where they remained till the emergence of adults and their parasitoids. Twenty-Three adult Tephritid parasitoids were recovered, represented by two species of Braconidae: Doryctobracon areolatus (18) and Utetes anastrephae (5), both infesting Anastrepha species: Anastrepha fraterculus, A. sororcula and A. striata in Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava and Eugenia myrcianthes. Doryctobracon areolatus and Utetes anastrephae are reported for the first time parasiting Anastrepha species in Eugenia myrcianthes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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3. Density of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and host Ceratitis capitata (Wied) larvae for the increase of parasitoid female production
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Carlos Gustavo da Cruz, Clarice Diniz Alvarenga, Patricia Cristina do Carmo Oliveira, Edileuza dos Reis Souza Conceição, Zenobia Cardoso dos Santos, Teresinha Augusta Giustolin, and Maria das Dores da Cruz Souza
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controle biológico ,razão sexual ,moscas-das-frutas ,parasitismo ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ratio of Ceratitis capitata larvae/female of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata that results in the increase of parasitism and the production of females in the progeny. We used 8-day-old copulated D. longicaudata females with oviposition parasite experience and third instar larvae of C. capitata from rearing stock maintained at the Laboratory of Biological Control of Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes). Five densities of C. capitata larvae (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50) were offered to parasitoid females that were at five different densities (1, 2, 5, 10, and 15). The larvae were exposed to the parasitoid females by means of “parasitism units” in adapted cages for 1 hour. Sex ratio, percentage of parasitism, and pupal mortality were evaluated. Both host larval density and female parasite density influenced parasitism, female progeny production, and pupal mortality. Higher female production was observed in the progeny in ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 (larvae/females). Ratios above 1:2 reduced the sex ratio, and ratios below 1:1 caused high pupal mortality rates. The females had higher parasitism activity when they were in groups dividing the same space. Equal ratios of Ceratitis capitata larvae and parasitoid females resulted in improved efficiency in progeny females.
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- 2018
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4. Biology of Telenomus pachycoris (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a Parasitoid of Eggs of Pachycoris torridus (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae): The Effects of Egg Age, Exposure Time, and Temperature.
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Filho, Raul da Cunha Borges, Nava, Dori E., Pratissoli, Dirceu, Polanczyk, Ricardo A., Marangon, Ricardo B., and Loiácono, Marta
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ASOLCUS , *HYMENOPTERA , *SCELIONIDAE , *PARASITOIDS , *PARASITES , *JATROPHA - Abstract
Telenomus pachycoris (Johnson) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is a parasitoid of eggs of Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), a main pest of physic nut ( Jatropha curcas L.; Euphorbiaceae). The objective of this work was to know the biology of T. pachycoris in P. torridus eggs under various conditions in order to develop a rearing technique for this parasitoid in the laboratory. We offered eggs of P. torridus to T. pachycoris during 4 exposition periods (6, 12, 18, and 24 h), as well as eggs of different ages (1 to 11 d), to evaluate, in both experiments, the number of parasitized eggs, duration of the egg-to-adult period, percentage of emergence, and sex ratio. We also evaluated the effect of constant temperatures (18, 20, 22, 25, 28, and 30 °C) and determined the duration of the egg-to-adult period, percentage of emergence, and sex ratio and estimated the thermal requirements and the number of generations per yr of T. pachycoris at each temperature. Parasitism of eggs was the highest at 12 h of exposure. Eggs up to 3 d old were the most parasitized, and the parasitism was zero on day 11. The duration of the egg-to-adult period was inversely proportional to temperature, ranging from 33.6 d at 18 °C to 9.8 d at 30 °C. The threshold temperature estimated for T. pachycoris was 12.9 °C, and the estimated thermal constant was 163.9 degree-days. The number of generations of T. pachycoris ranged from 11.3 to 38.1 per yr at 18 and 30 °C, respectively. The results may contribute to developing techniques for rearing T. pachycoris in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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5. Releasing number of Telenomus remus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) against Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn, cotton and soybean Número de Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) a ser liberado para controle de Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em milho, algodão e soja
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Aline Farhat Pomari, Adeney de Freitas Bueno, Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas Bueno, Ayres de Oliveiras Menezes Junior, and Augusto Cesar Prado Fernandes Fonseca
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controle biológico ,densidade de parasitoides ,parasitismo ,biological control ,parasitoid density ,parasitism ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Telenomus remus releasing numbers may vary depending on the crop, plant architecture and/or the plant phenological stage. Thus, we examined the number of parasitoids needed for effective pest control of Spodoptera frugiperda on corn, cotton and soybean. In all crops, the parasitism response in relation to increasing numbers of the parasitoids had a quadratic effect. In corn, the maximum parasitism observed was 99.8% and 96.8% at a parasitoid releasing number of 0.231 and 0.264 T. remus females per S. frugiperda egg at phenological stages V4 and V10, respectively. Differently, in cotton and soybean, the highest parasitim were recorded using the highest tested T. remus releasing numbers (0.297 parasitoid per S. frugiperda egg). In cotton, it was 77.8% and 73.1% at the vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively and in soybean, it was 77.3% and 54.4% also at the vegetative and reproductive stages. Thus, the appropriated T. remus releasing number might vary accordingly to the crop and plant phenological stage, being higher for soybean and cotton and lower for corn.O número de Telenomus remus a ser liberado pode ser variável, dependendo de cada cultura, da arquitetura da planta e/ou do seu estágio fenológico. Assim, foi examinado o número de parasitoides necessários para obter o controle efetivo de Spodoptera frugiperda em milho, algodão e soja. Em todas as culturas, a resposta do parasitismo em relação ao número crescente de parasitoides teve um efeito quadrático. Em milho, o parasitismo máximo observado foi de 99,8% e 96,8% em um número de parasitoides liberados de 0,231 e 0,264 fêmeas de T. remus por ovo de S. frugiperda nos estádios fenológicos V4 e V10, respectivamente. Diferentemente, em algodão e soja, os maiores parasitismos foram verificados liberando o maior número de fêmeas de T. remus testados (0,297 fêmeas por ovos de S. frugiperda). Em algodão, foi 77,8% e 73,1% nos estágios vegetativo e reprodutivo, respectivamente e, em soja, foi 77,3% e 54,4% também nos estágios vegetativo e reprodutivo. Assim, o número apropriado de T. remus a ser liberado pode variar de acordo com a cultura e com o estágio fenológico da planta, sendo mais elevado para soja e algodão e mais baixo para milho.
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- 2013
6. Parasitóides Associados a Cochonilhas e Aleirodídeos (Sternorrhyncha) de Plantas Cítricas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro
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William Rodrigues and Paulo Cesar Cassino
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Citros ,Controle biológico ,inimigos naturais ,Hymenoptera ,Parasitismo ,Biological control ,citrus ,natural enemies ,parasitism ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,Botany ,QK1-989 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Com o propósito de conhecer os parasitóides de cochonilhas e aleirodídeos, associados às plantas cítricas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foram realizadas coletas de folhas contendo os fitoparasitos: Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell), Tetraleurodes (=Aleurotrachelus) cruzi (Cassino), Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi, Coccus viridis (Green), Crysomphalus ficus (Ashmead), Orthezia praelonga (Douglas) e Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret), sendo estas limpas, em seguida procedia-se a eliminação dos organismo que eram objeto de estudo (cada folha permanecia com um única espécie de fitoparasito, para que os parasitóides que surgissem fossem mesmo associados àquela espécie). Após este procedimento as folhas foram incubadas por um período de 25 dias, onde foi observado somente o parasitismo de A. floccosus, P. aspidistrae, C. viridis e T. cruzi, sendo que os parasitóides deste dois últimos, não foram identificados, pois o número de espécimes obtidos foi muito reduzido. Parasitando A. floccosus observou-se: Arrhenophagus sp., Cales sp., Encarsia sp (1), Eretmocerus sp., Signiphora sp. (1), Signiphora sp. (2), Signiphora sp. (3) e uma espécie da família Platygasteridae. Parasitando P. aspidistrae observou-se: Arrhenophagus sp., Cales sp., Encarsia sp (2) e Pteroptrix sp. Algumas espécies estão associadas tanto A. floccosus quanto P. aspidistrae. Através dos resultados verificou-se que o parasitismo de Arrhenophagus sp. e a espécie da família Platygasteridae em A. floccosus e o parasitismo de Arrhenophagus sp. e Pteroptrix sp. em P. aspidistrae, são novos registros de ocorrência para o Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Parasitoids Associated to Scales and Whiteflies (Sternorrhyncha) of Citrus Plants in Rio de Janeiro State Abstract. With the purpose of knowing parasitids of scales and whiteflies, associates to the citrus plants in Rio de Janeiro State, they were accomplished leaves collected contend fitoparasits: Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell), Tetraleurodes (=Aleurotrachelus) cruzi (Cassino), Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi, Coccus viridis (Green), Crysomphalus ficus (Ashmead), Orthezia praelonga (Douglas) and Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret), being this ones clean, it soon after proceded the organism elimination that was study object (each leaf remained with an only species of fitoparasite, so that parasitoids that had arisen had gone same associate to that species). After this procedure the leaves were incubate for a period of 25 days, when it was observed only parasitism in A. floccosus, P. aspidistrae, C. viridis and T. cruzi, and parasitoids of this the latter, not identified because the number specimens was very reduced. It was parasiting A. floccosus it observed: Arrhenophagus sp., Cales sp., Encarsia sp. (1), Eretmocerus sp., Signiphora sp. (1), Signiphora sp. (2), Signiphora sp. (3) and a species of the family Platygasteridae. Parasiting P. aspidistrae it was observed: Arrhenophagus sp., Cales sp., Encarsia sp. (2) and Pteroptrix sp. Some species are associated either to A. floccosus or to P. aspidistrae. By the results it was verified that Arrhenophagus sp. the parasitism and the species of the family Platygasteridae in A. floccosus and parasitism of Arrhenophagus sp. and Pteroptrix sp. in P. aspidistrae, they are occurrence new record for do Rio de Janeiro State
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- 2012
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7. Interaction between Telenomus remus and Trichogramma pretiosum in the management of Spodoptera spp.
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Maria Mirmes Paiva Goulart, Adeney de Freitas Bueno, Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas Bueno, and Simone Silva Vieira
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Controle biológico ,parasitismo ,Scelionidae ,Trichogrammatidae ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Interaction betweeen Telenomus remus and Trichogramma pretiosum in the management of Spodoptera spp. The use of egg parasitoids is a promising strategy for Integrated Pest Management (IPM), but different species of parasitoids have greater or lesser control efficiency, depending on the pest species. Recently, not only Anticarsia gemmatalis and Pseudoplusia includens but also Spodoptera cosmioides and S. eridania have been among the key Lepidoptera larvae attacking soybeans. This study evaluated the combination of Telenomus remus and Trichogramma pretiosum for parasitism of eggs of the Spodoptera complex, for better control efficiency and broader spectrum of action among the key pests of soybeans. The experiment was carried out under controlled environmental conditions (25 ± 2ºC; 70 ± 10% RH; and 14 h photophase) in a completely randomized experimental design with seven treatments and 10 replicates with S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides and S. eridania eggs. Each replicate consisted of one egg mass of each Spodoptera species, with approximately 100 eggs offered to the parasitoids. The treatments were: 1) 10 females of T. pretiosum; 2) nine females of T. pretiosum and one female of T. remus; 3) eight females of T. pretiosum and two females of T. remus; 4) seven females of T. pretiosum and three females of T. remus; 5) six females of T. pretiosum and four females of T. remus; 6) five females of T. pretiosum and five females of T. remus, and 7) 10 females of T. remus. The parameter evaluated was the percentage of parasitized eggs. Results showed that treatments combining both parasitoid species with only 1 T. remus for each 9 T. pretiosum (10%) and only 2 T. remus for each 8 T. pretiosum (20%) were enough to significantly increase the parasitism observed on eggs of S. cosmioides and S. frugiperda, respectively. This association of T. pretiosum and T. remus in different proportions is very promising for biological control in IPM programs because it provides wide spectrum of control.
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- 2011
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8. Desempenho do parasitóide Nasonia vitripennis (Walker)(Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) utilizando como hospedeiro Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae), sob diferentes tempos de exposição Performance of the parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) using as host Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) under different exposition times
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Leandro Silva Barbosa, Márcia Souto Couri, and Valéria Magalhães Aguiar Coelho
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Controle Biológico ,moscas ,parasitismo ,Biological Control ,fly ,parasitism ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Desempenho do parasitóide Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) utilizando como hospedeiro Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae), sob diferentes tempos de exposição. Foram estudados o desenvolvimento pós-embrionário, a produtividade da pupa hospedeira, a taxa de parasitismo e a razão sexual de Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) criadas em pupas hospedeiras de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius). Analisaram-se diferentes tempos de exposição: 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. Fêmeas nulíparas foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaio contendo as pupas hospedeiras e tampados com algodão hidrófobo. Cada tratamento foi constituído de 10 repetições. Após a exposição, os himenópteros foram descartados e as pupas hospedeiras foram mantidas individualizadas. O controle consistiu de pupas de C. macellaria não expostas ao parasitismo utilizando-se o mesmo delineamento experimental. Os parasitóides apresentaram um desenvolvimento pós-embrionário mais lento com aumento do tempo de exposição. A exposição mais produtiva foi a de 72 horas. A razão sexual apresentou uma tendência ao nascimento de fêmeas após a exposição de 48 horas. A taxa de parasitismo apresentou crescimento até a exposição de 72 horas. A taxa de nascimento de dípteros também apresentou queda até o tempo de exposição de 72 horas.The post-embryonic development, the productivity of the host pupae, the rate of parasitism and the sex ratio of Nasonia vitripennis reared in pupae of Cochliomyia macellaria were studied. Different exposition times were used: 24, 48, 72, 96 hours. Nulliparous females originating from the stock colony were individualized in test tubes covered with hydrophobic cotton and containing the host pupae. Each treatment was constituted by 10 replicates. After exposition, the hymenopterans were discarded and the host pupae were individualized in test tubes until the emergency of the adults of C. macellaria or N. vitripennis. Samples of host pupae not exposed to parasitism and receiving the same experimental treatment, were used as control. The parasitoids showed a slower development in relation to the increase exposition time. The 72 hours exposition was the one which enabled higher productivity. The sex ratio tended towards a deviation for the birth of females after 48 hour. The rate of parasitism increased up to 72 hours. The rate of dipteran's emergence showed a decrease until 72 hours.
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- 2010
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9. Características biológicas e comportamentais de Neodohrniphora elongata Brown (Diptera, Phoridae), um parasitóide da saúva Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Biological and behavioral characteristics of Neodohrniphora elongata Brown (Diptera, Phoridae), a parasitic fly of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
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Marcos A. L. Bragança, Athayde Tonhasca Jr., and Terezinha M. C. Della Lucia
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Controle biológico ,fertilidade ,longevidade ,parasitismo ,Biological control ,fertility ,longevity ,parasitism ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Foram investigadas as características da biologia e comportamento do forídeo Neodohrniphora elongata Brown, 2001 em relação às operárias do hospedeiro Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908. Vinte e quatro fêmeas de N. elongata coletadas no campo foram liberadas, uma por vez, em uma cuba de observação interposta entre um ninho de A. sexdens rubropilosa e uma arena de forrageamento. As moscas realizaram de quatro a cinco vezes mais investidas sem sucesso contra as formigas do que ataques efetivos, quando elas ovipositaram na cabeça das operárias. Houve ataques em 426 operárias e desenvolvimento da larva do parasitóide na cápsula cefálica de 63,8% delas, sendo que emergiram 218 moscas. N. elongata ovipositou nas maiores operárias, ou seja, naquelas com largura da cápsula cefálica de 2,9 ± 0,4 mm, o que parece ser importante para o desenvolvimento do parasitóide, pois o fracasso na formação de pupas ou a não emergência do adulto ocorreram principalmente em formigas com largura da cápsula inferior a 2,9 mm. As moscas que emergiram em laboratório tiveram maior longevidade quando alimentadas com solução de mel 10% do que com solução de mel 50% ou somente água destilada. As fêmeas que emergiram no laboratório exibiram os mesmos comportamentos de voo e ataque das fêmeas do campo, mas não foi possível obter parasitóides de segunda geração. Estudos adicionais devem ser realizados para investigar a adequação de fontes naturais de carboidratos e proteínas sobre a longevidade e reprodução de N. elongata, visando à multiplicação deste e de outros forídeos de saúvas em laboratório.Characteristics of the biology and behavior of the phorid Neodohrniphora elongata Brown, 2001 in relation to workers of the host Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 were studied. Twenty-four field-collected females of N. elongata were released singly inside an observation chamber placed between a nest of A. sexdens rubropilosa and a foraging arena. Flies launched attacks on flies and failed four or five times before they would successfully attack ants and oviposit on the head of workers. Larvae of the parasitoid developed in the cephalic capsule of 63.8% of the 426 attacked workers; 218 flies emerged. N. elongata oviposited on bigger workers, or those with cephalic capsules 2.9 ± 0.4 mm wide. Capsule width seems to be important for the development of the parasitoid because failure in pupa formation and the non-emergence of adults occurred primarily among ants with capsules smaller than 2.9 mm. Flies that emerged in the laboratory had greater longevity when fed on honey solution at 10% than honey solution at 50%, or on distilled water only. The females emerged in laboratory had flight and attack behavior similar to those of field females, although second generation parasitoids could not be obtained. Additional studies on the impact of natural sources of carbohydrates and protein on the longevity and reproduction of N. elongate should be conducted to multiply this and other phorids of leaf-cutting ants in the laboratory.
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- 2009
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10. Avaliação de Trichogramma spp. para o controle de Trichoplusia ni Evaluation of Trichogramma spp. for the control of Trichoplusia ni
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André Malacarne Milanez, Dirceu Pratissoli, Ricardo Antonio Polanczyk, Adeney de Freitas Bueno, and Camila Borges Antonio Tufik
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Brassicaceae ,controle biológico ,lagarta mede-palmo ,parasitismo ,parasitoide de ovos ,biological control ,Cabbage looper ,parasitism ,egg parasitoids ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características biológicas dos parasitoides Trichogramma acacioi, T. atopovirilia, T. marandobai, T. demoraesi, T. exiguum (duas linhagens) e T. pretiosum (seis linhagens), criados em ovos de Trichoplusia ni. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 15 repetições. As características biológicas avaliadas foram: parasitismo, viabilidade, razão sexual e número de indivíduos por ovo. A percentagem de parasitismo variou entre 7,66 e 53%, com maior valor observado para a linhagem Tspd de Trichogramma pretiosum, e o menor para a linhagem Trecife de T. pretiosum. Não houve diferença significativa dessa espécie quanto à viabilidade, que ficou acima de 85%. A razão sexual variou de 0,75 a 1, e a linhagem Tspd apresentou o menor valor. O número de parasitoides por ovo variou entre 2,39 para T. marandobai (linhagem Tm1) e 1,34 para T. exiguum (linhagem Te1). A espécie que apresentou o melhor desempenho em laboratório foi T. pretiosum (Tspd), com os maiores valores observados na percentagem de parasitismo e na emergência.The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological characteristics of the parasitoids Trichogramma acacioi, T. atopovirilia, T. marandobai, T. demoraesi, T. exiguum (two lines), and T. pretiosum (six lines), reared on eggs of Trichoplusia ni. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with 15 replicates. The biological characteristics evaluated were: parasitism, viability, sexual ratio and number of individuals per egg. The parasitism percentage varied between 7.66 and 53%, whith highest value observed for Trichogramma pretiosum Tspd line, and the lowest for the T. pretiosum Trecife line. There was no significant difference for the viability, which remained higher than 85%. The sex ratio varied from 0.75 to 1, and Tspd line showed the lowest value. The number of individuals per egg varied between 2.39 for T. marandobai (Tm1 line) and 1.34 for T. exiguum (Te1 line). T. pretiosum (Tspd line) was the species with the best performance in laboratory with the highest values observed in parasitism and in viability.
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- 2009
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11. Influência do aumento do número de pupas hospedeiras de Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera, Calliphoridae) no desenvolvimento do parasitóide Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) em laboratório Influence of the increase of the number of the host pupae of Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera, Calliphoridae) in the development of the parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) in laboratory
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Leandro S. Barbosa, Márcia S. Couri, and Valéria M. A. Coelho
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Controle biológico ,vespas ,moscas ,parasitismo ,Biological control ,wasp ,fly ,parasitism ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
O desenvolvimento pós-embrionário, a produtividade, a taxa de parasitismo e a razão sexual de Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) criada em pupa de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) foram estudados. Densidades diferentes de hospedeiro foram usadas (proporções 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 e 1:5) com tempo de exposição de 72 horas, em cada uma delas. Fêmeas nulíparas originárias da colônia estoque foram individualizadas em tubos de teste cobertos com algodão hidrófobo e contendo as pupas hospedeiras. Cada tratamento constituiu-se de 10 repetições. Depois da exposição, as vespas foram descartadas e as pupas hospedeiras foram individualizadas em tubos de teste até a emergência dos adultos de C. macellaria ou N. vitripennis. Amostras das pupas hospedeiras não expostas ao parasitismo e recebendo o mesmo tratamento experimental foram usadas como controle. Os parasitóides mostraram um desenvolvimento mais lento em relação ao aumento da densidade de hospedeiros. Houve uma diminuição na produção de parasitóides por hospedeiro em densidades elevadas. A razão sexual tendeu para um desvio para nascimento de fêmeas com o aumento da densidade do hospedeiro. Os índices de parasitismo mostraram uma diminuição quando o parasitóide foi exposto a mais de duas pupas hospedeiras.The post-embryonic development, productivity, rate of parasitism and sexual ratio of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) reared in pupae of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) were studied. Different densities of the host were used (proportion 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) and the exposition in each one lasted 72 hours. Nulliparous females originating from the stock colony were individualized in test tubes covered with hydrophobic cotton and containing the host pupae. Each treatment was constituted by 10 repetitions. After the exposition, the wasps were discarded and the host pupae were individualized in test tubes until the emergence of the adults of C. macellaria or N. vitripennis. Samples of host pupae not exposed to parasitism and receiving the same experimental treatment were used as control. The parasitoids showed a slower development in relation to the increase of host density. There was a production decrease of parasitoids per host in elevated densities. The sexual ratio tended towards a deviation for the birth of females with the increase of the density of host. The rate of parasitism showed a decrease when the parasitoid was exposed to more than two host pupae.
- Published
- 2008
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12. Populações da lagarta-do-cartucho resistentes à Metaflumizona afetam a atividade de Trichogramma pretiosum?
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T. P. P. André, A. D. S. Pontes, Marianne Gonçalves Barbosa, Fabricio Fagundes Pereira, C. S. Teixeira, S. A. Souza, Patrik Luiz Pastori, CE, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), and MS
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Male ,Veterinary medicine ,QH301-705.5 ,Science ,Wasps ,Population ,fitness cost ,parasitism ,biological control ,resistência de insetos ,Moths ,Spodoptera ,Lepidoptera genitalia ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Metaflumizone ,Animals ,Sex Ratio ,Biology (General) ,education ,Semicarbazones ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,custo adaptativo ,fungi ,Botany ,Spodoptera frugiperda ,biology.organism_classification ,Hymenoptera ,parasitismo ,Trichogrammatidae ,chemistry ,QL1-991 ,QK1-989 ,Noctuidae ,Fall armyworm ,Female ,PEST analysis ,insect resistance ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Zoology ,Sex ratio ,controle biológico - Abstract
The possible interference of resistant pest’s populations to insecticides in natural enemies in the action thas not been clarified yet. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) performance on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs with resistance frequency to the Metaflumizone over six generations of product exposure. Egg cards (2.0 x 7.0 cm) containing eggs from two populations of S. frugiperda, (resistant to Metaflumizone and the other susceptible), were exposed to T. pretiosum females for 24 hours in free-choice and no-choice testing in three generations (G1, G4, and G6). A completely randomized experimental design was used with 25 replications, each consisting of an egg card (experimental unit) containing 20 eggs. The parameters evaluated were: parasitism (%), emergence (%), sex ratio, number of emerged parasitoids per egg and males/females longevity. ANOVA and Tukey test (P≤ 0.05) were applied on the results. Results showed a reduction in parasitism [41.0% (G1) and 28.4% (G4)], egg emergence (17.5%) and parasitoids/egg [16.2 (G4) and 17.2 (G6)] in eggs originating from the population with resistance frequency. Females emerging from G6 populations eggs without exposure to Metaflumizone had greater longevity (3.5 days more) than the resistant population. The sex ratio and male longevity were not affected. The results indicate a reduction in T. pretiosum activity if S. frugiperda populations have some frequency of resistance to Metaflumizone. Resumo A possível interferência de populações de pragas resistentes na ação de inimigos naturais ainda não foi esclarecida. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) em ovos de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) com frequência de resistência à Metaflumizona ao longo de seis gerações de exposição ao produto. Cartelas (2,0 x 7,0 cm) com ovos de duas populações de S. frugiperda, (resistente à Metaflumizona e outra suscetível), foram expostas às fêmeas de T. pretiosum por 24 horas em condições de livre escolha e sem chance de escolha por três gerações (G1, G4 e G6). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 25 repetições, sendo cada repetição composta por uma cartela (unidade experimental) contendo 20 ovos. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: parasitismo (%), emergência (%), razão sexual, número de parasitoides emergidos por ovo e longevidade de machos e fêmeas. ANOVA e teste de Tukey (P≤ 0,05) foram aplicados aos dados coletados. Os resultados mostraram redução do parasitismo [41,0% (G1) e 28,4% (G4)], emergência de ovos (17,5%) e parasitoides/ovo [16,2 (G4) e 17,2 (G6)] em ovos oriundos da população com frequência de resistência. As fêmeas emergidas de ovos da população G6 sem exposição à Metaflumizona, tiveram maior longevidade (3,5 dias a mais) do que a população exposta ao inseticida. A razão sexual e a longevidade de machos não foram afetadas. Os resultados indicam uma redução na atividade de T. pretiosum se as populações de S. frugiperda apresentarem alguma frequência de resistência à Metaflumizona.
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- 2021
13. Foraging Activity of Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) at Various Densities on Pupae of the Eucalyptus Defoliator Thyrinteina arnobia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae).
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Barbosa, Rogério Hidalgo, Zanuncio, José Cola, Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes, Kassab, Samir Oliveira, and Rossoni, Camila
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FORAGING behavior , *EULOPHIDAE , *GEOMETRIDAE , *EUCALYPTUS , *PARASITISM - Abstract
Parasitoids are the main component of biological control of Lepidoptera defoliators in forested areas, and the densities of host insects can affect the efficiency of these natural enemies. The aim of this work was to study the biology and parasitism of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) at various densities of females on individual pupae of Thyrinteina arnobia Stoll (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), the major Lepidoptera pest in eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) plantations in Brazil. Thyrinteina arnobia pupae were exposed to P. elaeisis females at various parasitoidto-host ratios: (1:1, 3:1, 6:1, 9:1, 12:1, 15:1, 18:1, and 21:1), with 12 replications. The parasitism (81.8%) and emergence (100%) rates of P. elaeisis on T. arnobia pupae were highest with 15 ovipositing females per host. The life cycle (egg to adult) of P. elaeisis was shortest (19.8 ± 0.5 d) at a ratio of 21:1. The largest production of P. elaeisis per T. arnobia pupa was obtained at the ratios of 15:1 (298.4 ± 5.0) and 18:1 (287.4 ± 4.3). The female sex ratio of parasitoid offspring was highest (0.97 ± 0.01) with a parasitoid-to-host ratio of 12:1. The density of 15 P. elaeisis females per T. arnobia pupa was the most appropriate one for providing high parasitism (81.8%), emergence (100%), and progeny (298.4 ± 5.0) of this parasitoid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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14. Seleção de Trichogramma spp., para o controle de Ecdytolopha aurantiana, com base na biologia e exigências térmicas Biology and thermal requirements to Trichogramma spp. selection for Ecdytolopha aurantiana control
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Rosa M. S. Molina, Vanoli Fronza, and José R. P. Parra
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Bicho-furão-dos-citros ,controle biológico ,parasitismo ,Trichogramma atopovirilia ,Trichogramma pretiosum ,Biological control ,citrus fruit borer ,parasitism ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de utilização de Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner, 1983 e T. pretiosum Riley, 1879 como agentes de controle de Ecdytolopha aurantiana (Lima, 1927) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), importante praga da citricultura paulista. Foram realizados estudos de biologia em diferentes temperaturas, exigências térmicas e capacidade de parasitismo, visando fornecer subsídios a programas de controle biológico com estes parasitóides. A razão sexual não foi afetada pelas temperaturas estudadas (18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30 e 32ºC), porém, a longevidade de fêmeas das duas espécies foi maior a 22 e 25ºC. Para a porcentagem de emergência e longevidade de fêmeas, a temperatura que tendeu a ser mais adequada foi a de 25ºC. A duração do período ovo-adulto para as duas espécies foi inversamente relacionada com o aumento da temperatura, sendo as exigências térmicas dessas espécies muito próximas, em torno de 108 GD. O hospedeiro natural, E. aurantiana, ou o alternativo, Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), não afetaram o número de ovos parasitados por fêmea de Trichogramma. Porém, a porcentagem de parasitismo e o número de adultos emergidos por ovo, quando provenientes de ovos de E. aurantiana, foram maiores do que os criados sobre ovos de A. kuehniella. A porcentagem de emergência foi, no entanto, maior quando os parasitóides foram provenientes de ovos de A. kuehniella. As duas espécies de Trichogramma estudadas poderão ser testadas em campo para controle do bicho-furão-dos-citros, havendo uma indicação de que as exigências térmicas também podem servir como um bom parâmetro para seleção de espécies e/ou linhagens de Trichogramma, aliadas ao estudo de capacidade de parasitismo.The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential of Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner, 1983 and T. pretiosum Riley, 1879 as agents of control of Ecdytolopha aurantiana (Lima, 1927) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), an important Citrus pest in São Paulo State (South-East Brazil). In order to provide subsidies to programs of biological control with these parasitoids, studies of biology in different temperatures, thermal requirements and parasitism capacity were carried out. The temperatures (18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30, and 32ºC) did not affect the sex ratio, however, female longevity of both species was higher at 22 and 25ºC. The temperature of 25°C tended to be more suitable to both emergency rate and female longevity. The egg-adult period for both Trichogramma species was inversely proportional to temperature. The thermal requirements of the two species were very close, about 108 DD (degree days). Neither the natural rearing host, E. aurantiana, nor the alternative host Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), affected the number of parasitized eggs per Trichogramma female. The parasitism rate and the number of emerged adults per egg on E. aurantiana eggs were higher than on A. kuehniella eggs. However, the emergency rate was higher when the parasitoids were reared on A. kuehniella eggs. Both Trichogramma species could be tested in the field for citrus fruit borer control. The thermal requirements and the parasitism capacity also could be good parameters for selection of Trichogramma species/strains.
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- 2005
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15. New record of Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) as a parasitoid of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.) on maize Novo registro de Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) como parasitóide de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.) em milho
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Ivan Cruz, Ana Carolina Redoan, Rafael Braga da Silva, Maria de Lourdes Corrêa Figueiredo, and Angélica Maria Penteado-Dias
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controle biológico ,interação parasitóide-hospedeiro ,pragas de milho ,broca da cana-de-açúcar ,parasitismo ,biological control ,host-parasitoid interactions ,maize pest ,sugarcane borer ,parasitism ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) spends the largest part of its life cycle inside the stalk of the host plant,which provides protection against the action of conventional control methods. Biological control has been considered a viable alternative to control this pest in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.), two pest preferential hosts. This paper reports the occurrence in Brazil of Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera; Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) parasitizing pupae of D. saccharalis obtained from corn plants. It also includes preliminary biological data about the insect. A single female of T. howardi is able to produce up to 66 offspring using a single pupa of the host D. Saccharalis and apparently does not distinguish between the host pupae of different ages. The life cycle of the parasitoid was around 25.5 days. The presence of the parasitoid in Brazil opens a new perspective on suppression of the sugarcane borer, considering the promising results already obtained in Asian countries. The insect is well adapted to laboratory conditions, can be produced in large scale and may became an additional option for the integrated pest management in those crops where D. saccharalis is a key pest such as the sugarcane, corn and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench).Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) passa a maior parte de seu ciclo biológico no interior do colmo da planta hospedeira, onde fica protegida contra a ação dos métodos convencionais de controle. O controle biológico tem sido considerado uma alternativa viável para o controle desta praga em cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) e milho (Zea mays L.), dois hospedeiros preferenciais. Este trabalho relata a ocorrência no Brasil de Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) parasitando pupas de D. saccharalis em colmos de plantas de milho. Ele também inclui dados preliminares sobre alguns aspectos biológicos do parasitóide. Uma fêmea de T. howardi foi capaz de produzir até 66 descendentes em uma única pupa do hospedeiro e, aparentemente, não faz distinção entre diferentes idades da pupa. O ciclo de vida do parasitóide foi ao redor de 25,5 dias. A presença do parasitóide no Brasil abre uma nova perspectiva sobre a supressão da broca da cana, considerando os resultados promissores já obtidos em países asiáticos. O inseto é bem adaptado à condição de laboratório, podendo ser produzido em grande número, tornando assim, uma opção adicional para o manejo integrado nas culturas onde D. saccharalis é praga chave, tais como a cana-de-açúcar, milho e sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench).
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- 2011
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16. Reproduction of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Pupae at Different Temperatures.
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Favero, Kellen, Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes, Torres, Jorge Braz, Oliveira, Harley Nonato De, Kassab, Samir Oliveira, and Zanuncio, José Cola
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PHYSIOLOGICAL control systems , *INSECT rearing , *PARASITISM , *SUGARCANE borer , *TETRASTICHUS - Abstract
Temperature is a major abiotic factor affecting insects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Diatraea saccharalis F., sensu Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae at 6 constant temperatures (16, 19, 22, 25, 28, and 31 °C). This parasitoid developed at all temperatures with the shortest development time and lowest survival at 31 °C. Tetrastichus howardi females oviposited immediately after making contact with the host pupae. Parasitoids that were kept at 25 °C had the greatest fecundity, and those kept at 16 °C had the greatest longevity. The greatest net reproductive rate ( R0) occurred at 25 °C, and the intrinsic rates of increase ( rm) at 25, 28, and 31 °C were similar but significantly greater than at the lower temperatures. The generation time ( T) of T. howardi was significantly the longest at 16 °C, which resulted in the slowest development and greatest female longevity. The fecundity of Tetrastichus howardi was greater in the 19 to 28 °C temperature range than at 16 °C and at 31 °C. These results are important for the multiplication of T. howardi in the laboratory, and for understanding its potential for the biological control of D. saccharalis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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17. Parasitóides de Diptera coletados em áreas florestal, rural e urbana em Monte Alegre, MG Parasitoids of Diptera collected in forest, rural, and urban areas in Monte Alegre, MG
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C.H. Marchiori, L.F. Barbaresco, and M.E. Ferreira
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Hymenoptera ,inimigo natural ,controle biológico ,fezes bovinas ,parasitismo ,natural enemy ,biocontrol ,cattle dung ,parasitism ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
This study determined the species of parasitoids of Diptera present in forest, rural, and urban areas in the municipality of Monte Alegre, MG, from March to November 2006. The percentages of parasitism in forest, rural, and urban areas were 14.3%, 11.0%, and 18.8%, respectively. The most frequent species (34.7%) was Triplasta atrocoxalis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae).
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- 2008
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18. Parasitóides de Peckia chrysostoma (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) coletados em pupários no substrato rim bovino Parasitoids of Peckia chrysostoma (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) collected in pupae in the bovine kidney
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Jean Patrick Bonani, Cláudio Gonçalves Silva, Carlos Henrique Marchiori, and Lucas Castro Torres
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Parasitismo ,controle biológico ,inimigos naturais ,Parasitism ,control biological ,natural enemies ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Objetivou-se com este estudo, identificar as principais espécies de parasitóides de Peckia chrysostoma (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), em Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil, cujas larvas foram alimentadas com rim bovino. As coletas foram realizadas durante o período de agosto de 2003 a março de 2004. Um total de 921 parasitóides foram coletados em 942 pupas dessa mosca. A prevalência natural de parasitismo foi de 97%.The study aimed at identifying the main parasitoids of Peckia chrysostoma (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). The larvae were feed on bovine kidney. Samplings were conducted from August 2003 to March 2004, in Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A total of 921 parasitoids in 942 pupae fly were collected. The prevalence natural parasitism was 97%.
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- 2006
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19. Side Effects of Organic Products on Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)
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Michele Potrich, Claudinei F Vieira, Everton Ricardi Lozano, Lucas Battisti, Jheniffer Valmira Warmling, Adeney de Freitas Bueno, Yuri Renan Alves De Lima, Darlin Henrique Ramos De Oliveira, UNIVERSIDADE TECNOLÓGICA FEDERAL DO PARANÁ, DOIS VIZINHOS, ADENEY DE FREITAS BUENO, CNPSO, and UNIVERSIDADE TECNOLÓGICA FEDERAL DO PARANÁ, DOIS VIZINHOS.
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0106 biological sciences ,Insecticides ,Metarhizium ,Hypocreales ,Eggs ,Natural enemies ,Biological pest control ,Parasitism ,Metarhizium anisopliae ,Beauveria bassiana ,Context (language use) ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Toxicology ,Heteroptera ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Produção Orgânica ,Animals ,Beauveria ,Pest Control, Biological ,Ecology ,Inimigo Natural ,Controle Biológico ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Hymenoptera ,010602 entomology ,Azadirachtin ,chemistry ,Telenomus podisi ,Insect Science ,Biological control ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Parasitismo - Abstract
Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 is an important biocontrol agent, both in conventional and organic production systems. It can be used in association with other control strategies, such as natural botanical products and biological insecticides. Studies of selectivity and side effects are fundamental for proper management of insect control strategies because the interaction between different control strategies may negatively affect T. podisi. In this context, the present study evaluated the side effects of commercial natural products on T. podisi under laboratory conditions. Five natural products (insecticide, fungicide, and leaf fertilizer) allowed in organic farming were evaluated at concentrations recommended by the manufacturer in three bioassays. First bioassay (free-choice test), the preference of T. podisi parasitism between treated and non-treated E. heros eggs was assessed. In the second and third bioassay (no-choice tests) the treatments were applied to E. heros eggs, repectively before and after T. podisi parasitism (pre- and post-parasitism) and parasitism, emergence, offspring sex ratio, developmental time, and adult longevity were assessed. The products formulated with Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. (Hypocreales), Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Hypocreales), orange oil fertilizer, and the fungicide copper oxychloride did not have side effects on T. podisi because they did not affect most of the evaluated characteristics. In contrast, azadirachtin A/B had a sublethal effect due to the reduced parasitism in all tests performed and, although it did not affect other aspects, this could compromise the performance of the parasitoid.
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- 2020
20. Effects of parasitoid and host age on the parasitism of Trichogramma pretiosum on eggs of Anticarsia gemmatalis
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Cintia Oliveira Costa, A. P. Queiroz, Adeney de Freitas Bueno, G. V. Silva, Bruna Magda Favetti, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ, DEPARTAMENTO DE ZOOLOGIA, CURITIBA, CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO FILADÉLFIA, LONDRINA, INSTITUTO AGRONÔMICO DO PARANÁ, LONDRINA, and ADENEY DE FREITAS BUENO, CNPSO.
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biology ,Host (biology) ,fungi ,Lepidoptera-pest ,General Engineering ,Biological pest control ,biological control ,Zoology ,Parasitism ,Controle Biológico ,biology.organism_classification ,Lepidóptero ,Parasitoid ,Lepidoptera ,Anticarsia gemmatalis ,QL1-991 ,embryonic development ,Biological control ,embryonic structures ,egg parasitoid ,Trichogramma pretiosum ,Parasitismo ,Embryonic structures ,Sex ratio - Abstract
The ages of parasitoid females and their hosts can have substantial effects on parasitism and parasitoid efficacy. This relationship has been investigated over the last few decades and found to vary among species. To our knowledge, it was virtually unknown for Trichogramma pretiosum wasps that parasitize Anticarsia gemmatalis eggs. Therefore, the influence of parasitoid and host age on the parasitism of T. pretiosum on eggs of A. gemmatalis was here evaluated in three independent bioassays. Neither the number of parasitized eggs nor that of emerged parasitoids differed between T. pretiosum females of different age. The number of parasitoids per egg and the sex ratio were higher for 5-day-old females. Regarding host age, the number of parasitized eggs was highest for A. gemmatalis eggs aged 24 h (9.60), followed by eggs aged 48 h (1.00), while no parasitism was observed for eggs aged 72 h. The number of parasitoids per egg and sex ratio were not influenced by host age. Preference was significantly higher for host eggs aged 24 h (79.67%), followed by eggs aged 48 h (16.99%) and 72 h (3.33%). Accordingly to these results, the key challenge for a successful T. pretiosum release to control A. gemmatalis in the field is to synchronize the presence of up to 5-day-old adults with the most susceptible phase of the host eggs (1 day).
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- 2020
21. Release of the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi to manage the Neotropical Brown Stink Bug, Euschistus heros, in soybean production
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Adeney de Freitas Bueno, G. V. Silva, Érica Caroline Braz, José de Barros França-Neto, Bruna Magda Favetti, ADENEY DE FREITAS BUENO, CNPSO, INSTITUTO AGRONOMICO DO PARANA, LONDRINA, JOSE DE BARROS FRANCA NETO, CNPSO, and CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO FILADELFIA, LONDRINA.
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0106 biological sciences ,Integrated pest management ,Soja ,fungi ,Biological pest control ,food and beverages ,Parasitism ,Controle Biológico ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Parasitoid ,Toxicology ,Fungicide ,Crop ,Pupa ,010602 entomology ,Telenomus podisi ,Pentatomidae ,Biological control ,Parasitismo ,Soybeans ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Eushistus heros is one of the major pests in soybean in South America. Not only has insecticides constantly failed on its control but also triggered different negative side effects related to the overuse of chemicals. Among the biocontrol agents that can be used in Augmentative Biological Control, Telenomus podisi stands out due to its high parasitism capacity on eggs of its hosts. Therefore, this study aimed to assess T. podisi release strategies and moments (release done together with the detection of first E. heros adults in the area as well as together with fungicide sprays), in order to reach optimal parasitoid field performance. For this purpose, a replicated experiment was conducted with a soybean crop located in Londrina, Parana, Brazil, during 2017/18 and 2018/19 crop seasons. Treatments consisted of 18750 released T. podisi pupae (released either inside cardboard capsules or as unprotected pupae sprinkled in bulk, at different moments) and were evaluated against insecticide spraying strategies. At harvest, yield and quality of the seeds were measured. Overall, our results clearly indicate that T. podisi pupae can be released either encapsulated or unprotected, with similar efficacy. Their release in the field increased E. heros egg parasitism to 70% and 50%, in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, respectively. Thus, T. podisi can be efficiently used to control stink bug eggs. However, since the number of stink bugs ≥0.5 cm in the field highly depends on its migration from neighboring fields, it is important to use T. podisi inside integrated pest management.
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- 2020
22. Releasing number of Telenomus remus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) against Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn, cotton and soybean.
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Farhat Pomari, Aline, de Freitas Bueno, Adeney, Oliveira de Freitas Bueno, Regiane Cristina, de Oliveiras Menezes Junior, Ayres, and Prado Fernandes Fonseca, Augusto Cesar
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PLATYGASTRIDAE , *COTTON diseases & pests , *SOYBEAN diseases & pests , *CORN diseases , *PARASITOIDS , *PLANT parasites , *PARASITISM - Abstract
Telenomus remus releasing numbers may vary depending on the crop, plant architecture and/or the plant phenological stage. Thus, we examined the number of parasitoids needed for effective pest control of Spodoptera frugiperda on corn, cotton and soybean. In all crops, the parasitism response in relation to increasing numbers of the parasitoids had a quadratic effect. In corn, the maximum parasitism observed was 99.8% and 96.8% at a parasitoid releasing number of 0.231 and 0.264 T. remus females per S. frugiperda egg at phenological stages V4 and Vl0, respectively. Differently, in cotton and soybean, the highest parasitim were recorded using the highest tested T. remus releasing numbers (0.297 parasitoid per S. frugiperda egg). In cotton, it was 77.8% and 73.1% at the vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively and in soybean, it was 77.3% and 54.4% also at the vegetative and reproductive stages. Thus, the appropriated T. remus releasing number might vary accordingly to the crop and plant phenological stage, being higher for soybean and cotton and lower for corn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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23. Parasitóides Associados a Cochonilhas e Aleirodídeos (Sternorrhyncha) de Plantas Cítricas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
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Costa Rodrigues, William and Rodrigues Cassino, Paulo Cesar
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WOOLLY whitefly ,PARASITOIDS ,ALEYRODIDAE ,CITRUS ,PLATYGASTRIDAE - Abstract
Copyright of EntomoBrasilis is the property of EntomoBrasilis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2012
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24. Influência do aumento do número de pupas hospedeiras de Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera, Calliphoridae) no desenvolvimento do parasitóide Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) em laboratório.
- Author
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Barbosa, Leandro S., Couri, Márcia S., and Coelho, Valéria M. A.
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- 2008
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25. Biology of Blepyrus clavicornis (Compere) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
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Marcos Botton, Vitor Cezar Pacheco da Silva, Mauro Silveira Garcia, Victor Pacheco da Silva, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pós-Graduac¸ ão em Fitossanidade, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, Mauro Garcia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pós-Graduac¸ ão em Fitossanidade, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, and MARCOS BOTTON, CNPUV.
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0106 biological sciences ,Chalcidoidea ,Zoology ,Parasitism ,Encyrtids ,Espécies polifagas ,Hymenoptera ,Obscure mealybug ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Pragas de vinhas ,Pseudococcus viburni ,Parasitoid ,Encyrtidae ,Botany ,lcsh:Zoology ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,Mealybug ,Nymph ,biology ,fungi ,Coquila ,Controle Biológico ,biology.organism_classification ,010602 entomology ,Uva ,Praga de planta ,Insect Science ,Biological control ,Parasitismo ,Praga ,Sex ratio - Abstract
Encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) are the most important and diverse group of natural enemies of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Blepyrus clavicornis (Compere) is the most common parasitoid associated with Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) in the Serra Gaúcha region, Brazil. We conducted laboratory studies to assess the development time, sex ratio, adult longevity, host stage selection for parasitism, and effect of food on the longevity of adult females of B. clavicornis. The experiments were conducted in a climate chamber at 25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10% RH and 12:12 L:D photoperiod. The solitary parasitoid B. clavicornis parasitized third-instar and adult female stages of P. viburni. The development time was more than 30 days (31.75 ± 0.38 for females and 30.02 ± 0.34 for males) when B. clavicornis laid eggs in adult mealybug females, and 35 days (36.50 ± 0.50 for females and 34.24 ± 0.43 for males) on third-instar mealybug nymphs. The wasps did not survive longer than four days when they were fed only water, while females survived for about 30 days when fed with honey. The lifespan of females is about 20 days longer than the lifespan of males. Although B. clavicornis can provide significant natural control, reducing the number of individuals in the next generation by parasitizing advanced mealybug instars, we consider it unpromising for use in applied biological-control programs. Furthermore, the predominance of males in the progeny observed here suggests that P. viburni may not be the most suitable or preferred host for B. clavicornis. Keywords: Biological control, Chalcidoidea, Obscure mealybug, Parasitism
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- 2017
26. Parasitism of populations of Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and associated endosymbionts
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Ribeiro, Murilo Fonseca, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Wilcken, Carlos Frederico
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Parasitism ,Biological control ,Parasitismo ,Controle biológico ,Molecular entomology ,Entomologia molecular - Abstract
Submitted by Murilo Fonseca Ribeiro (murilo.fon.rib@gmail.com) on 2019-03-25T13:03:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PARASITISMO DE POPULAÇÕES DE Anaphes nitens (HYMENOPTERA MYMARIDAE) EM Gonipterus platensis (COLEOPTERA CURCULIONIDAE) E ENDOSSIMBIONTES ASSOCIADOS.pdf: 2300894 bytes, checksum: 2f221b67918907a87028922d9367edb3 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2019-03-25T14:06:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_mf_me_botfca.pdf: 2300894 bytes, checksum: 2f221b67918907a87028922d9367edb3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-25T14:06:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_mf_me_botfca.pdf: 2300894 bytes, checksum: 2f221b67918907a87028922d9367edb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-25 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) O setor florestal brasileiro é um dos mais desenvolvidos e competitivos do mundo, sendo líder mundial em produtividade de eucalipto. A presença de grandes maciços florestais favorece a ocorrência de pragas. O gorgulho-do-eucalipto, Gonipterus platensis Marelli (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), é a principal espécie de besouro desfolhador do eucalipto no mundo. As injúrias na planta hospedeira são causadas por adultos e larvas, sendo a última responsável pelas desfolhas mais severas. Os danos podem chegar à redução de 42,8% no incremento médio anual da árvore. O controle biológico por meio do parasitoide de ovos Anaphes nitens Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) é a principal estratégia de controle de Gonipterus spp., responsável pelo controle populacional da praga desde as primeiras detecções no Brasil na década de 1950. Todavia, surtos de G. platensis têm sido observados em regiões onde ácaros do gênero Pyemotes foram detectados se alimentando de ovos de G. platensis e onde o parasitismo e o estabelecimento do parasitoide caíram. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar possíveis fatores bióticos associados ao parasitoide A. nitens, avaliando a capacidade de parasitismo em diferentes populações do parasitoide e realizando prospecção de bactérias simbiontes que possam de alguma maneira interferir no fitness do hospedeiro. Para o parasitismo entre 2 populações de A. nitens, provenientes dos Estados de São Paulo, e Espírito Santo, ambas exibiram resultados de parasitismo, porcentagem de emergência e razão sexual que não diferiram significativamente. Para a prospecção de endossimbiontes secundários em diferentes populações de A. nitens, adultos e ovos de G. platensis e ácaros do gênero Pyemotes, foram realizadas análises moleculares por meio de PCR para a presença de 9 gêneros bacterianos diferentes com a utilização de primers específicos. A bactéria endossimbionte Rickettsia belli e as espécies de bactérias de intestino Yersinia massiliensis, Serratia grimesii e Erwinia amylovora foram encontradas em todas as populações naturais de A. nitens e nas gerações F1 e F2 de laboratório. A espécie Serratia grimesii também foi encontrada em adultos e ovos de G. platensis e em fêmeas de Pyemotes sp. Todas essas detecções representam primeiros relatos para os hospedeiros. The Brazilian forestry sector is one of the most developed and competitive in the world, being the world leader in eucalyptus productivity. The presence of large forest masses favors the occurrence of pests. The Eucalyptus-snout-beetle, Gonipterus platensis Marelli (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the main species of eucalyptus defoliator beetle in the world. Injuries to the host plant are caused by adults and larvae, the latter being responsible for the most severe defoliation. The damages can reach the reduction of 42.8% in the average annual increment of the tree. Biological control through the parasitoid Anaphes nitens Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is the main control strategy of Gonipterus spp., responsible for population control of the pest since the first detections in Brazil in the 1950s. However, outbreaks of G. platensis have been observed in regions where Pyemotes mites were detected feeding on G. platensis’s eggs and where parasitism and parasitoid establishment occurred. The objective of this work was to study possible biotic factors associated with the A. nitens parasitoid, evaluating the parasitism capacity in different populations of the parasitoid and conducting prospection of symbiotic bacteria that may interfere in the host 's fitness. For the parasitism between two populations of A. nitens, from the States of São Paulo and Espírito Santo, both showed results of parasitism, emergency percentage and sexual ratio that did not differ significantly. For the prospection of secondary endosymbionts in different populations of A. nitens, adults and G. platensis’s eggs and mites of the genus Pyemotes, molecular analyzes were performed by means of PCR for the presence of 9 different bacterial genera with the use of specific primers. The bacteria endosymbiont Rickettsia belli and the intestinal bacteria species Yersinia massiliensis, Serratia grimesii and Erwinia amylovora were found in all natural populations of A. nitens and in the F1 and F2 generations of the laboratory. The Serratia grimesii species was also found in adults and eggs of G. platensis and in females of Pyemotes sp. All these detections represent first reports to the hosts. 134282/2016-7
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- 2019
27. Native parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Serra da Bodoquena National Park-MS, Brazil
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J. A. Guimaraes, J. B. Coelho, Manoel A. Uchôa, L. B. M. de Almeida, LUCIANO BRASIL MARTINS DE ALMEIDA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA GRANDE DOURADOS, JOÃO BATISTA COELHO, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA GRANDE DOURADOS, JORGE ANDERSON GUIMARAES, CNPH, and MANOEL ARAECIO UCHOA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA GRANDE DOURADOS.
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0106 biological sciences ,Psidium ,biology ,010607 zoology ,Biological pest control ,Parasitism ,Controle Biológico ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Parasitoid ,Anastrepha ,Horticulture ,Frugivore ,Tephritidae ,Inseto ,Parasitismo ,Braconidae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Fruit flies are among the main groups of phytophagous insects. Their larvae, when feeding on the pulp or seeds of the host fruits, can cause rot and favor the entrance of pathogens. Thus, the objectives of this study was: (1) To know the trophic associations between species of parasitoids and fruit flies in the Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena (PNSB)-MS, Brazil. (2) To inventory the parasitoid species associated with fruit flies in fruit trees in the Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena. Monthly expeditions were carried out (From Jan 2017 to Feb 2018) in order to collect the fruits and obtain the fruit flies (Tephritidae) and their respective parasitoids. The collected fruits were transported to the laboratory of frugivorous insects (LIF) of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD)-MS. The fruit fly larvae were daily collected and placed in transparent acrylic cups containing sterilized sand, where they remained till the emergence of adults and their parasitoids. Twenty-Three adult Tephritid parasitoids were recovered, represented by two species of Braconidae: Doryctobracon areolatus (18) and Utetes anastrephae (5), both infesting Anastrepha species: Anastrepha fraterculus, A. sororcula and A. striata in Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava and Eugenia myrcianthes. Doryctobracon areolatus and Utetes anastrephae are reported for the first time parasiting Anastrepha species in Eugenia myrcianthes.
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- 2019
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28. Parasitism and cheomiotaxic responses of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae)
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Bender, Eduarda, Jahnke, Simone Mundstock, and Kohler, Andreas
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Quimiotaxia ,Vespa ,Etapa de desenvolvimento animal ,Dieta ,Entomologia ,Parasitismo ,Controle biologico ,Caruncho - Abstract
O uso de himenópteros parasitoides para controlar insetos praga no armazenamento, principalmente de tabaco, é uma das alternativas viáveis para reduzir o uso de compostos químicos. O ectoparasitoide Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard, 1881) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) tem se destacado como agente de biocontrole de larvas e pupas de coleópteros como o bicho-do-fumo, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius, 1872) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae). Objetivou-se (a) avaliar a influência do estágio de desenvolvimento de L. serricorne (larva e pupa) (com formação de casulo) e da dieta hospedeiro no parasitismo de A. calandrae e, (b) verificar as respostas quimiotáxicas de A. calandrae comparando o estado fisiológico de fêmeas e machos e a experiência das fêmeas, aos dois estágios, na presença ou ausência da dieta do hospedeiro. Os bioensaios foram realizados em condições controladas (28 ± 2 ºC, 60 ± 10% UR e fotofase de 12 h). Para avaliar o parasitismo, razão sexual e emergência da prole, 30 larvas de último ínstar e pupas (com formação de casulo) de L. serricorne (com e sem dieta) foram expostas a casais e a fêmeas virgens permanecendo em contato até a sua morte (± 11 dias). As respostas quimiotáxicas de indivíduos de A. calandrae com idade entre 2 - 4 dias foram avaliadas em olfatômetro tipo “Y”. Fêmeas virgens e pareadas (sem e com experiência prévia de parasitismo) foram expostas as larvas de último ínstar contrastadas com pupas de L. serricorne (ambas com formação de casulo) e à dieta do hospedeiro. Machos virgens e pareados foram testados somente quanto à dieta. Como controle, utilizou-se apenas ar. Os maiores valores de emergência e parasitismo médio foram obtidos nas larvas (com e sem dieta), tanto para virgens como pareadas. O tratamento “pupa sem dieta” foi o que apresentou menor razão sexual (p < 0,05). O percentual de resposta quimiotáxica foi maior (p < 0,05) para qualquer um dos tratamentos avaliados em relação ao controle (ar), variando de 90 a 97,5%, para ambos os sexos e estados fisiológicos. Quando larvas e pupas de L. serricorne foram contrastados entre si, nos tratamentos com dieta, as larvas apresentaram maior atratividade (70%), nos tratamentos sem dieta, fêmeas virgens e pareadas sem experiência responderam de forma igual para ambos os estágios. Fêmeas com experiência foram responsivas ao estágio de desenvolvimento no qual tiveram contato previamente, em todos os tratamentos avaliados. The use of hymenopteran parasitoid to control insect pests in storage, especially of tobacco, is one of the viable alternatives to reduce the use of chemical compounds. The ectoparasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard, 1881) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) has been prominent as a biocontrol agent of coleoptera larvae and pupae as the tobacco beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius, 1872) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae). This study aimed to (a) evaluate the influence of the development stage (larvae and pupae) (with cocoon formation) and diet of L. serricorne on parasitism of A. calandrae (b) verify the chemotaxic responses of A. calandrae comparing the physiological state of the females and males and the experience of females to stages (larvae and pupae) in the presence or absence of the host diet. The bioassays were performed under controlled conditions (28 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 10% RH and 12 h photophase). To evaluate the parasitism, sex ratio and emergence of the offspring, 30 larvae of last instar and pupae (with cocoon formation) of L. serricorne (with and without an increased diet) were exposed to couples and to virgins females, remained in contact until their death (± 11 days). The chemotaxic responses of A. calandrae individuals aged 2 - 4 days were evaluated in a "Y" type olfactometer. Virgen and paired females (without and with previous experience of parasitism) were exposed to larvae of last instar contrasted with pupae of L. serricorne (both with cocoon formation) and to the diet of the host. Both virgin and matched males were tested only for diet. As control, only air was used. The highest values of emergence and average parasitism were obtained in larvae (with and without diet), for both virgin and paired, indicating a preference for this stage of development. The "pupae without diet" treatment presented the lowest sex ratio (p < 0,05). The percentage of chemotaxic response was higher (p < 0,05) for any of the treatments evaluated in relation to the control (air), ranging from 90 to 97.5%, for both sexes and physiological states. When larvae and pupae L. serricorne were compared to each other, the larvae showed higher attractiveness (70%) in the diet treatments. In the treatments without diet, virgin and paired females without experience responded equally for both stages. Experienced females were responsive to the stage of development in which they had previous contact in all treatments evaluated.
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- 2019
29. Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) parasitism on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs: different parasitoid and host egg ages
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QUEIROZ, A. P., FAVETTI, B. M., LUSKI, P. G. G., GONÇALVES, J., NEVES, P. M. O. J., BUENO, A. de F., Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, IAPAR, UEL, UFPR, and ADENEY DE FREITAS BUENO, CNPSO.
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Parasitoids ,Biological control ,Controle Biológico ,Parasitismo ,Embryonic structures - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-02T18:04:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 QueirozTelenomus.pdf: 428642 bytes, checksum: 7d89a9bcfe1881987cacbc0f119ccb65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 Título em português: Parasitismo de Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) em ovos de Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): diferentes idades do parasitoide e do ovo hospedeiro.
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- 2019
30. Archisepsis scabra (Loew 1861) (Diptera: Sepsidae), new host for the parasitoid Triplasta coxalis (Ashmead, 1865) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) in Brazil Archisepsis scabra (Loew, 1861) (Diptera: Sepsidae), novo hospedeiro para o parasitóide Triplasta coxalis (Ashmead, 1865) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) no Brasil
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Carlos Henrique Marchiori, Marcos Evangelista Ferreira, and Luiz Fernando Barbaresco
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Controle biológico ,fezes bovinas ,inimigo natural ,parasitismo ,Triplasta ,Archisepsis ,Biological control ,cattle dung ,natural enemy ,parasitism ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
The aim of this study is to report the first occurrence of the parasitoid Triplasta coxalis (Ashmead, 1865) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) in pupae of Archisepsis scabra (Loew, 1861) (Diptera: Sepsidae) in cattle dung in Brazil. The experiment was carried out in Monte Alegre, MG. One obtained the pupae through the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergence of the adult dipterous or their parasitoids. Fourty seven pupae of A. scabra were obtained, two of which yielded the parasitoid T. coxalis. The percentage of parasitism was 4.3%.Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, relatar a primeira ocorrência do parasitóide Triplasta coxalis (Ashmead, 1865) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) como inimigo natural de Archisepsis scabra (Loew, 1861) (Diptera: Sepsidae) em fezes bovinas no Brasil. O experimento foi realizado em Monte Alegre, MG. As pupas foram separadas pelo método de flutuação e individualizadas em cápsulas de gelatina onde foram mantidas até a emergência dos dípteros e/ou dos parasitóides. Obtiveram-se 47 pupas de A. scabra, das quais emergiram dois parasitóides pertencentes à espécie T. coxalis. A porcentagem de parasitismo foi de 4,3%.
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- 2008
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31. Psorocampa denticulata (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) Pupae as an Alternative Host for Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).
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Zanuncio, José Cola, Vinha, Germano Lopes, Ribeiro, Rafael Coelho, Fernandes, Bianca Vique, Kassab, Samir Oliveira, Wilcken, Carlos Frederico, and Zanuncio, Teresinha Vinha
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PARASITOIDS , *PHYSIOLOGICAL control systems , *LEPIDOPTERA , *EULOPHIDAE , *NOTODONTIDAE - Abstract
Psorocampa denticulata Schaus (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) is a pest of Eucalyptus species (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) in Brazil. The pre-pupa stage of this species is present in the soil surrounding infested trees for up to 6 mo during the dry season and can be collected and stored in large numbers. The potential use of P. denticulata pupae as an alternative host for rearing the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was tested in the laboratory. Up to 24-h-old P. denticulata pupae (787.40 ± 78.29 mg) were individually exposed to twenty 72-h-old P. elaeisis females for 48 h. These exposed pre-pupae were individually transferred to a glass tube for the emergence either of parasitoid progeny or of the adult lepidopteran. The parasitism and emergence rates of P. elaeisis from P. denticulata pupae were 100 and 90%, respectively. The life cycle (egg to adult) was 22.22 ± 0.49 days, and the number of progeny of this parasitoid was 734.55 ± 54.56 per host. We concluded that this generalist parasitoid could be mass reared on P. denticulata pupae and released as part of an integrated program to manage lepidopteran pests in eucalyptus plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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32. Density of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and host Ceratitis capitata (Wied) larvae for the increase of parasitoid female production
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Maria das Dores da Cruz Souza, Clarice Diniz Alvarenga, Carlos Gustavo da Cruz, Edileuza dos Reis Souza Conceição, Patrícia Cristina do Carmo Oliveira, Teresinha Augusta Giustolin, and Zenobia Cardoso dos Santos
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0106 biological sciences ,Veterinary medicine ,animal structures ,Agriculture (General) ,parasitism ,Parasitism ,biological control ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Parasitoid ,S1-972 ,moscas-das-frutas ,razão sexual ,Larva ,biology ,fungi ,General Medicine ,Ceratitis capitata ,sex ratio ,biology.organism_classification ,Pupa ,parasitismo ,010602 entomology ,fruit flies ,Capitata ,Instar ,Sex ratio ,controle biológico - Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ratio of Ceratitis capitata larvae/female of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata that results in the increase of parasitism and the production of females in the progeny. We used 8-day-old copulated D. longicaudata females with oviposition parasite experience and third instar larvae of C. capitata from rearing stock maintained at the Laboratory of Biological Control of Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes). Five densities of C. capitata larvae (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50) were offered to parasitoid females that were at five different densities (1, 2, 5, 10, and 15). The larvae were exposed to the parasitoid females by means of “parasitism units” in adapted cages for 1 hour. Sex ratio, percentage of parasitism, and pupal mortality were evaluated. Both host larval density and female parasite density influenced parasitism, female progeny production, and pupal mortality. Higher female production was observed in the progeny in ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 (larvae/females). Ratios above 1:2 reduced the sex ratio, and ratios below 1:1 caused high pupal mortality rates. The females had higher parasitism activity when they were in groups dividing the same space. Equal ratios of Ceratitis capitata larvae and parasitoid females resulted in improved efficiency in progeny females. RESUMO: Objetivou se neste estudo avaliar a proporção de larvas de Ceratitis capitata e fêmeas de Diachasmimorpha longicaudata que resulta no incremento do parasitismo e da produção de fêmeas na progênie. Foram utilizadas fêmeas de Diachasmimorpha longicaudata copuladas, com experiência em parasitar e oito dias de idade, e larvas de terceiro instar de C. capitata, provenientes da criação mantida no Laboratório de Controle Biológico da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES). Cinco densidades de larvas de C. capitata foram oferecidas (10, 20, 30, 40 e 50) às fêmeas do parasitoide, em cinco densidades diferentes (1, 2, 5, 10 e 15). As larvas foram expostas às fêmeas do parasitoide por meio de “unidades de parasitismo”, em gaiolas adaptadas, pelo tempo determinado de uma hora. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: razão sexual, porcentagem de parasitismo e mortalidade pupal. Tanto a densidade de larvas de C. capitata quanto a densidade de fêmeas do parasitoide influenciaram no parasitismo, na produção de fêmeas na progênie e na mortalidade pupal. Foi observada nas proporções 1:1 e 1:2 (larvas/fêmeas) maior produção de fêmeas na progênie. Proporções acima de 1:2 reduziram a razão sexual, e valores abaixo de 1:1 causaram altas porcentagens de mortalidade pupal. As fêmeas apresentaram maior atividade de parasitismo quando estavam em grupos dividindo o mesmo espaço. Proporções iguais de larvas de C. capitata e fêmeas do parasitoide resultaram em melhor eficiência na produção de fêmeas na progênie.
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- 2018
33. Palmistichus elaeisis(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Parasitizing Pupae of the Passion Fruit PestAgraulis vanillae vanillae(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
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José Eduardo Serrão, Francisco Andrés Rodríguez-Dimaté, Rafael Coelho Ribeiro, Carlos Frederico Wilcken, Júlio César Melo Poderoso, José Cola Zanuncio, Bruno Pandelo Brügger, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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0106 biological sciences ,Eulophidae ,biology ,Passiflora ,010607 zoology ,Parasitism ,Hymenoptera ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Nymphalidae ,Parasitoid ,Pupa ,Lepidoptera genitalia ,010602 entomology ,Horticulture ,Biological control ,Insect Science ,Botany ,Parasitismo ,PEST analysis ,Controle biológico ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Agraulis vanillae vanillae L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) é praga de Passiflora (Malpighiales: Passifloraceae), tornando importante a busca de inimigos naturais deste inseto. Dez fêmeas de Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), com 72 horas da emergência foram colocadas por pupa de A. vanillae vanillae com 24 horas de idade. Essas pupas foram transferidas para tubos de vidro até a emergência da progênie do parasitoide, cujas caraterísticas reprodutivas foram avaliadas. As taxas de parasitismo e de emergência, a razão sexual, o número de indivíduos de P. elaeisis por pupa de A. vanillae vanillae, o tamanho do corpo, a largura da cápsula cefálica de fêmeas e machos e a longevidade de fêmeas de P. elaeisis foram semelhantes aquelas desse criado com outros hospedeiros. Estes resultados indicam ser possível a criação desse parasitoide com pupas de A. vanillae vanillae para seu uso em programas de controle biológico. Agraulis vanillae vanillae L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is a pest of Passiflora species (Malpighiales: Passifloraceae). The parasitism of A. vanillae vanillae pupae by Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was evaluated. Ten 72-h-old mated P. elaeisis females were confined for 48 h with each 24-h-old A. vanillae vanillae pupa. These exposed pupae were transferred to glass tubes untillae pupa. These exposed pupae were transferred to glass tubes until the emergence of the parasitoid adults. The percentages of parasitism and emergence, number that emerged, sex ratio, body size, width of the head capsule, and longevity of P. elaeisis females and males were similar to those of P. elaeisis reared with various other hosts. These results this indicated that it is practical to rear this parasitoid with A. vanillae vanillae pupae to provide the parasitoid for use in biological control programs the emergence of the parasitoid adults. The percentages of parasitism and emergence, number that emerged, sex ratio, body size, width of the head capsule, and longevity of P. elaeisis females and males were similar to those of P. elaeisis reared with various other hosts. These results this indicated that it is practical to rear this parasitoid with A. vanillae vanillae pupae to provide the parasitoid for use in biological control programs.
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- 2016
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34. Influence of host age and learning on chemotactic behavior and parasitism of Trichogramma pretiosum
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Priscila Genara Padilha, Camila Corrêa Vargas, Luiza Rodrigues Redaelli, Josue Sant'Ana, and Rosana Matos de Morais
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0106 biological sciences ,Inseto para controle biológico ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Quimiotaxia ,010602 entomology ,Biological control ,lcsh:Zoology ,parasitoide de ovos ,egg parasitoid ,eggs extract ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitismo ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,Controle biologico ,Controle biológico ,Humanities ,extrato de ovos - Abstract
RESUMO Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 mantido em ovos de Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879, tem sido utilizado no controle biológico de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797). No entanto, fatores como idade do hospedeiro e experiência prévia, podem influenciar o parasitismo e o comportamento do parasitoide. Esse estudo avaliou a influência da idade dos ovos e da experiência em ovos e extrato de ovos de S. frugiperda no comportamento quimiotáxico e no parasitismo de T. pretiosum. Ovos de S. frugiperda com 24, 48 e 72 horas, foram expostos a fêmeas de T. pretiosum. Também foi avaliado o tempo de experiência do parasitoide, no mesmo hospedeiro, por 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 e 24 horas, assim como, seu tempo de exposição (1, 2, 3 e 24 horas). As respostas quimiotáxicas de T. pretiosum (experiente e não experiente) em extrato de ovos de S. frugiperda foram observadas em olfatômetro tipo Y. As taxas de parasitismo foram registradas em teste de escolha, com insetos experientes e inexperientes com ovos e extrato de ovos de S. frugiperda. O parasitismo em S. frugiperda foi significativamente maior em ovos com 24 horas de idade. Fêmeas inexperientes e experientes por 1, 3 e 4 horas, apresentaram uma menor taxa de parasitismo, quando comparadas a fêmeas expostas por 5, 6 e 24 horas. Não houve diferença de parasitismo em fêmeas expostas por 2, 3 e 24 horas, comparadas às expostas por uma hora. Fêmeas experientes foram mais atraídas ao extrato de ovos de S. frugiperda, do que ao controle (hexano). A porcentagem de parasitismo, em fêmeas inexperientes, foi maior em ovos de E. kuehniella (hospedeiro de origem), no entanto, o mesmo resultado não foi observado em fêmeas experientes. ABSTRACT Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 reared on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879 eggs, have been used in biological control of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797). However, host age and experience just after emergence might have some influence on parasitism and parasitoid behavior. This study evaluated the influence of S. frugiperda host age and egg odor experience, on chemotactic behavior and parasitism of T. pretiosum. Spodoptera frugiperda eggs with 24, 48 and 72 hours were exposed to T. pretiosum females. Parasitoid time experience, in the same host, was evaluated within 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 24 hours, as well as, its host exposed time (1, 2, 3 and 24 hours). Chemotactic responses of T. pretiosum (experienced and inexperienced females) to S. frugiperda egg extracts were recorded in Y-tube olfactometer. We also observe parasitism rates (choice tests) in insects with and without experience. The parasitism average was higher in S. frugiperda eggs with 24 hours. Inexperienced females and those experienced for 1, 3 and 4 hours, parasitized less S. frugiperda eggs compared to those for 5, 6 and 24 hours. There was no difference in parasitism from females exposed for 2, 3 and 24 hours when compared to those exposed for one hour. Experienced females were more attracted to S. frugiperda eggs odor than to control (hexano). Parasitism percentage, by inexperienced parasitoids, was greater in E. kuehniella eggs (original host) than in S. frugiperda, however it was not observed in experienced females.
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- 2017
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35. Bearning plasticity of Diachasmimorpha Longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) associated with fruit and essential oil volatiles
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Zadra, Willian Campeol, Sant'Ana, Josue, and Redaelli, Luiza Rodrigues
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Quimiotaxia ,Mosca das frutas ,Parasitismo ,Controle biologico - Abstract
Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) é um dos parasitoides mais utilizados em programas de controle biológico de tefritídeos no mundo. Contudo pouco se sabe sobre a capacidade de aprendizagem e memória deste braconídeo na busca pelo hospedeiro Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Neste estudo, avaliou-se o tempo de residência (TR) e o parasitismo de fêmeas de D. longicaudata oriundas de larvas de A. fraterculus criadas em dieta artificial, goiaba ou manga e posteriormente, expostas aos odores destes frutos. Foi observada a aprendizagem de fêmeas de D. longicaudata condicionadas na fase adulta aos voláteis de óleo essencial de baunilha (OEB) e de laranja (OEL) e avaliadas, com os mesmos, em testes de quimiotaxia. Também registrou-se a memória deste parasitoide exposto ao OEB. Os insetos utilizados nos experimentos foram mantidos em câmaras climatizadas (25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% UR) na fotofase de 14 horas (adultos) e na escotofase (imaturos). As respostas quimiotáxicas foram registradas com olfatômetro tipo “Y” e o parasitismo (condicionamento na fase imatura), em larvas mantidas em unidades com polpa de goiaba, manga ou sem polpa (controle). Fêmeas do parasitoide criadas em larvas mantidas em dieta artificial foram expostas a OEL ou OEB por 4 horas e a aprendizagem e memória (OEB) avaliadas em olfatômetro, a cada 24 h e por até 72 h. Fêmeas inexperientes de D. longicaudata foram mais atraídas para os voláteis de manga e goiaba em relação ao controle. No entanto, as experientes apresentaram TR maior para os odores dos frutos nos quais se desenvolveram. Contudo, quando os odores destes frutos foram oferecidos simultaneamente, o TR foi maior para os voláteis de manga. O percentual de parasitismo de vespas inexperientes foi maior na presença das polpas e, das experientes, nas larvas que continham os odores aos quais haviam sido condicionadas. O TR de fêmeas inexperientes foi significativamente maior para a acetona do que para os odores dos óleos. Fêmeas experientes em OEB responderam mais a este odor em relação ao controle, entretanto, não houve diferença para os experientes em OEL. A memória ao odor de OEB foi mantida por até 48 h. Concluímos que fêmeas experientes reconhecem odores aos quais se desenvolvem e aos óleos aos quais receberam experiência, resultando em preferência a estes quanto ao tempo de residência. Entretanto, reconhecer fatores que interferem na comunicação entre hospedeiro-parasitoide pode possibilitar maior adequação e confiabilidade na utilização de D. longicaudata em programas de controle biológico. Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is one of the most used parasitoids in biological control programs of tephritids worldwide. Nevertheless, the knowledge about search strategies related to its learning and memory ability for finding its host [Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)] is still limited. We observed residence time (RT) and parasitism of D. longicaudata females from A. fraterculus larvae reared on artificial diet, guava or mango and later exposed to these fruits odors. We registered the learning behavior of female parasitoids conditioned with vanilla essential oil (VEO) and orange essential oil (OEO) and evaluated with the same volatiles in chemotaxis’ bioassays. We also recorded the memory of this parasitoid exposed to VEO. Insects were kept under controlled chambers (25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% RH) with 14-hour photophase (adults) or in the schotophase (immature). The chemotactic responses were recorded with a "Y" olfactometer and the parasitism (immature stage conditioning), in larvae kept in fractions with guava pulp, mango or without pulp (control). Parasitoids females reared on larvae maintained on artificial diet were exposed to VEO or OEO for 4 hours and learning and memory (VEO) evaluated in olfactometer, every 24 until 72 h. Inexperienced females of D. longicaudata were more attracted to volatiles of mango and guava when contrasted with control. Nevertheless, the experienced ones presented higher RT to the odors from fruits that they developed. However, when the odors of these fruits were offered simultaneously, the RT was higher for mango volatiles. The percentage of parasitism of inexperienced wasps was higher on the presence of pulps and, to experienced, in the larvae with odors which it had been conditioned. RT of inexperienced females was significantly higher for acetone than for odors of oils. Female with previous contact with VEO responded more to this odor than to control, however, no differences were found in chemotactic responses of females pre-exposed to OEO. VEO odor memory was maintained at least 48 hours. We conclude that experienced females recognized odors to which they developed and the oils to which they have been given experience, resulting in preference as to residence time, resulting in preference to them as to the residence time. However, recognizing interference factors in host-parasitoid communication may allow greater adequacy and reliability to use D. longicaudata in biological control programs.
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- 2017
36. Parasitism of Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor eggs by Erythmelus tingitiphagus (Soares) in rubber tree plantations with application of pesticides
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Rodrigo Souza Santos and RODRIGO SOUZA SANTOS, CPAF-AC.
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Insect eggs ,Chalcidoidea ,Huevos de insecto ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,Agriculture (General) ,Tingidae ,Seringueira ,rubber tree crop ,S1-972 ,heveicultura ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,Leptopharsa heveae ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Erythmelus tingitiphagus ,Plagas de plantas ,Arból de goma ,Percevejo de Renda ,Control biológico ,General Veterinary ,Hevea Brasiliensis ,Caucho ,Heveicultura ,Parasitismo ,Ruber tree ,Controle Biológico ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Praga de Planta ,Lace bugs ,Biological control ,parasitoide de ovos ,egg parasitoid ,Ovo ,Parasitism ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Plant pests ,controle biológico ,Biotechnology - Abstract
O percevejo-de-renda Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor (Hemiptera: Tingidae) é uma das principais pragas da heveicultura no Brasil, podendo causar prejuízos de até 30% na produtividade de látex. Seu controle é realizado principalmente com uso de produtos fitossanitários e uma das alternativas a seu uso seria a utilização de inimigos naturais. O parasitoide Erythmelus tingitiphagus (Soares) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) é um importante inimigo natural de L. heveae, por parasitar seus ovos em condições naturais. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência e o parasitismo de E. tingitiphagus, em ovos de L. heveae, em talhões comerciais de cinco clones de seringueira onde se realizaram aplicações regulares de produtos fitossanitários, no município de Itiquira, MT. Semanalmente, entre agosto de 2006 a janeiro de 2007, foram coletadas aleatoriamente quatro folhas maduras em cinco árvores dos clones RRIM 600, PR 255, GT 1, PB 235 e PB 217. Na área de estudo, E. tingitiphagus ocorreu em todos os clones estudados, com pico populacional em outubro de 2006. A porcentagem de parasitismo nos diferentes clones variou de 13,8% no clone PB 235 a 30,8% no RRIM 600 e a porcentagem média de parasitismo foi de 24,2%. Os produtos fitossanitários, no método em que foram aplicados nos talhões, não atuaram negativamente no parasitismo de E. tingitiphagus. The rubber tree lace bug, Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor (Hemiptera: Tingidae), is one of the main rubber tree crop pests in Brazil. It can cause loss of up to 30% in latex yield. The control is performed mainly with pesticides and one of the alternatives to their use is the utilization of natural enemies. The parasitoid Erythmelus tingitiphagus (Soares) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) has been shown to be an important natural enemy of L. heveae, parasitizing eggs of this pest in natural conditions. The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence and the parasitism of E. tingitiphagus on L. heveae eggs in commercial stands of five rubber tree clones which are regularly treated with pesticide, in the municipality of Itiquira, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Weekly, between August 2006 and January 2007, four mature leaves were randomly sampled in five trees of the clones RRIM 600, PR 255, GT 1, PB 235 and PB 217. Parasitoids were found in all studied clones with populations peaking in October. The parasitism rate ranged from 13.8% in PB 235 to 30.8% in RRIM 600, with average of 24.2%. The application of pesticides in the stands had no negative effect onon parasitism of E. tingitiphagus.
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- 2014
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37. Parasitóides de Diptera coletados em áreas florestal, rural e urbana em Monte Alegre, MG.
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Marchiori, C. H., Barbaresco, L. F., and Ferreira, M. E.
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- 2008
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38. Occurrence of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Brazil.
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Lourenção, André Luiz, Costa, Valmir Antonio, Prado, Juliana Cardoso, and Silveira, Lillian
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HYMENOPTERA ,APHELINIDAE ,SWEETPOTATO whitefly ,HEMIPTERA ,ALEYRODIDAE ,PARASITISM - Abstract
Copyright of Bragantia is the property of Instituto Agronomico de Campinas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
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39. Infestation, damage and parasitism of Noctuidae in corn and influence of age eggs and learning of Trichogramma pretiosum in Spodoptera frugiperda
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Vargas, Camila Corrêa, Redaelli, Luiza Rodrigues, and Morais, Rosana Matos de
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Milho ,Praga de planta ,Entomologia ,Parasitismo ,Controle biologico - Abstract
O milho é um grão de importância social e econômica no Brasil. No cenário agrícola atual, as sementes de milho cultivadas são principalmente de híbrido convencional, híbrido Bt (transgênico) e, em menor escala, de milho crioulo. No entanto, existe uma grande preocupação, principalmente na agricultura familiar, para o resgate e utilização de variedades crioulas. Os lepidópteros, Spodoptera frugiperda e Helicoverpa zea, são as pragas mais importantes da cultura e o parasitoide de ovos, Trichogramma pretiosum, tem sido empregado no controle destas pragas. Neste contexto, o trabalho objetivou avaliar a campo, danos e infestação da lagarta-do-cartucho e a infestação natural e o parasitismo de ovos e lagartas de H. zea, em três variedades de milho. Em laboratório, estudou-se a influência de três idades dos ovos de S. frugiperda e da aprendizagem no parasitismo de T. pretiosum. O experimento de campo foi conduzido em Santa Maria, RS, período de segunda safra de 2014. O delineamento foi de blocos inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos: Lombo Baio (crioulo), Semilha S395 (híbrido convencional) e Morgan Roudap 30A77 (milho geneticamente modificado, Bt) e quatro repetições. Para avaliação de S. frugiperda, as amostragens foram semanais, dos 9 aos 72 dias após a semeadura Os danos de S. frugiperda foram semelhantes em milho crioulo e convencional, ambos mais elevados que em Bt. A média de posturas e não diferiu entre as variedades, e o número de lagartas foi maior em milho crioulo comparado ao convencional e Bt. Para avaliação de H. zea, as amostragens foram realizadas a cada três dias, do estádio R1 ao R5. Para a espécie, a média de ovos não diferiu entre as variedades, e o número médio de lagartas foi semelhante entre milho crioulo e convencional, ambos superiores ao Bt. Não houve registro de parasitismo em S. frugiperda. Em ovos de H. zea, foi registrado o parasitismo da espécie T. pretiosum. Em testes de laboratório, o número de ovos de S. frugiperda parasitados por T. pretioum foi maior e semelhante nas idades de 24 e 48 horas. Fêmeas sem experiência parasitaram menor número em comparação aquelas experientes por 5, 6 e 24 horas. Fêmeas expostas por 2, 3 e 24 horas parasitaram igual número de ovos. Fêmeas experientes a ovos e extrato de ovos de S. frugiperda foram mais atraídas a estes odores do que ao controle (hexano). A porcentagem de parasitismo de T. pretiosum inexperientes foi maior em ovos de E. kuehniella (hospedeiro de origem) do que em S. frugiperda, no entanto, nas experientes, esta diferença não foi observada. Corn is a grain with social and economic importance in Brazil. In the current agriculture scenery, cultivated corn seeds mainly consist of conventional hybrid, Bt hybrid (transgenic) and landrace, in a smaller scale. However, there is a major concern, mainly in familiar agriculture, for the rescue and use of landrace varieties. The lepidopterans Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa zea are the most important pests of this crop, and the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma pretiosum, has been appointed as a biological control for these species. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate, on the field, damages and infestation of the fall armyworm and natural infestation and eggs and caterpillars parasitism of H.zea in three corn varieties. In laboratory, it was tested the influence of three eggs age of S. frugiperda and learning on T. pretiosum parasitism. The experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, RS, during out-of-season corn crop, in 2014. The design consisted of random blocks with three varieties (treatments): Lombo Baio (landrace), Semilha S395 (hybrid non-tranformed), and Morgan Roudap 30A77 (genetic modified corn, Bt) For evaluation of S. frugiperda, the samples were weekly, from 9 to 72 days after sowing. For evaluation of H. zea, the samples were taken every three days, the stadium R1 to R5. The damage of S. frugiperdawas similar in landrace and hybrid non-tranformed, both higher than in Bt corn. The average postures and did not differ between varieties, and the number of larvae was higher in landrace maize compared to conventional and Bt. There was no parasitism record in S. frugiperda. Eggs of H. zea, it was found parasitism by T. pretiosum. In laboratory tests, the number of eggs of S. frugiperda infected by T. pretioum was highest and similar for the ages of 24 and 48 hours. Females experience without parasitized smaller number compared to those experienced by 5, 6 and 24 hours. Females exposed for 2, 3 and 24 hours equal number of parasitized eggs. Experienced females eggs and extract of S. frugiperda eggs were more attracted to these odors than the control (hexane). The percentage of inexperienced T. pretiosum parasitism was higher in the eggs of E. kuehniella (origin host) than in S. frugiperda, however, the experienced, this difference was not observed.
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- 2016
40. Interaction between Telenomus remus and Trichogramma pretiosum in the management of Spodoptera spp
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Simone Silva Vieira, Maria Mirmes Paiva Goulart, Adeney de Freitas Bueno, and Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas Bueno
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biology ,parasitism ,General Engineering ,biology.organism_classification ,Trichogrammatidae ,Parasitoid ,Lepidoptera genitalia ,Toxicology ,parasitismo ,Anticarsia gemmatalis ,Pseudoplusia ,Biological control ,Botany ,lcsh:Zoology ,PEST analysis ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,Controle biológico ,Scelionidae ,Telenomus remus - Abstract
Interaction betweeen Telenomus remus and Trichogramma pretiosum in the management of Spodoptera spp. The use of egg parasitoids is a promising strategy for Integrated Pest Management (IPM), but different species of parasitoids have greater or lesser control efficiency, depending on the pest species. Recently, not only Anticarsia gemmatalis and Pseudoplusia includens but also Spodoptera cosmioides and S. eridania have been among the key Lepidoptera larvae attacking soybeans. This study evaluated the combination of Telenomus remus and Trichogramma pretiosum for parasitism of eggs of the Spodoptera complex, for better control efficiency and broader spectrum of action among the key pests of soybeans. The experiment was carried out under controlled environmental conditions (25 ± 2ºC; 70 ± 10% RH; and 14 h photophase) in a completely randomized experimental design with seven treatments and 10 replicates with S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides and S. eridania eggs. Each replicate consisted of one egg mass of each Spodoptera species, with approximately 100 eggs offered to the parasitoids. The treatments were: 1) 10 females of T. pretiosum; 2) nine females of T. pretiosum and one female of T. remus; 3) eight females of T. pretiosum and two females of T. remus; 4) seven females of T. pretiosum and three females of T. remus; 5) six females of T. pretiosum and four females of T. remus; 6) five females of T. pretiosum and five females of T. remus, and 7) 10 females of T. remus. The parameter evaluated was the percentage of parasitized eggs. Results showed that treatments combining both parasitoid species with only 1 T. remus for each 9 T. pretiosum (10%) and only 2 T. remus for each 8 T. pretiosum (20%) were enough to significantly increase the parasitism observed on eggs of S. cosmioides and S. frugiperda, respectively. This association of T. pretiosum and T. remus in different proportions is very promising for biological control in IPM programs because it provides wide spectrum of control. Interação de Telenomus remus e Trichogramma pretiosum no manejo de Spodoptera spp. O uso de parasitóides de ovos é uma estratégia promissora dentro do manejo integrado de pragas (MIP), mas diferentes espécies de parasitóides têm maior ou menor eficiência dependendo da espécie praga. Recentemente, não apenas Anticarsia gemmatalis e Pseudoplusia includens, mas também Spodoptera cosmioides e S. eridania estão entre as principais larvas de Lepidoptera que estão atacando a cultura da soja. Assim, este trabalho avaliou a possibilidade do uso associado de Telenomus remus e Trichogramma pretiosum no controle de ovos do complexo Spodoptera, objetivando uma maior eficiência de parasitismo com um maior espectro de ação entre as pragas-chave desta cultura. O experimento foi conduzido em condições controladas (25 ± 2ºC; 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 14 h) no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 7 tratamentos e 10 repetições e ovos de S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides e S. eridania. Para cada repetição foi oferecida aos parasitóides uma postura de cada uma das espécies de Spodoptera, com aproximadamente 100 ovos. As diferentes proporções dos parasitóides (tratamentos) avaliadas foram: 1) dez fêmeas de T. pretiosum 2) nove fêmeas de T. pretiosum e uma fêmea de T. remus 3) oito fêmeas de T. pretiosum e duas fêmeas de T. remus 4) sete fêmeas de T. pretiosum e três fêmeas de T. remus 5) seis fêmeas de T. pretiosum e quatro fêmeas de T. remus 6) cinco fêmeas de T. pretiosum e cinco fêmeas de T. remus 7) dez fêmeas de T. remus. O parâmetro avaliado foi à porcentagem de ovos parasitados. Os resultados mostraram que tratamentos combinando ambas as espécies de parasitóides com apenas 1 T. remus para cada 9 T. pretiosum (10%) e apenas 2 T. remus para cada 8 T. pretiosum (20%) foram suficientes para aumentar significativamente o parasitismo observado em ovos de S. cosmioides e S. frugiperda, respectivamente. Esta associação de T. pretiosum e T. remus em diferentes proporções é bastante promissora para utilização em programas de controle biológico dentro do MIP visto que poderá fornecer um bom espectro de controle.
- Published
- 2011
41. Occurrence of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Brazil
- Author
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Valmir Antonio Costa, Lillian Silveira Pereira, André Luiz Lourenção, and Juliana Cardoso Prado
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Silverleaf whitefly ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,parasitism ,Biological pest control ,biological control ,Parasitism ,Encarsia inaron ,Whitefly ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Hemiptera ,mosca-branca ,parasitismo ,Horticulture ,Aphelinidae ,silverleaf whitefly ,Botany ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Nymph ,controle biológico - Abstract
The parasitism of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B nymphs on cotton plants was observed during a research on resistance of cotton genotypes to this whitefly. The experiment was set in a greenhouse at the Experimental Station of the Instituto Agronômico (IAC), in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. Samples of the parasitized nymphs were collected and maintained in laboratory to monitor the parasitism and obtain the adult parasitoids. A total of 129 adult parasitoids were obtained, including one Encarsia inaron (Walker), 13 En. lutea (Masi), and 115 Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). This is the first report of Er. mundus in Brazil. Parasitismo em ninfas de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B em folhas de algodão foi observado durante pesquisa sobre resistência de genótipos de algodoeiro a essa mosca-branca. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no Centro Experimental do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC). Amostras das ninfas parasitadas foram mantidas em laboratório para acompanhamento do parasitismo e obtenção dos adultos dos parasitoides. Foram coletados 129 adultos, sendo um espécime de Encarsia inaron (Walker), 13 de En. lutea (Masi) e 115 de Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Este é o primeiro registro de Er. mundus no Brasil.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Development of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in pupae of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), using different densities of parasitoid
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Valéria Magalhães Aguiar Coelho, Leandro Silva Barbosa, and Márcia Souto Couri
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vespa ,parasitismo ,mosca ,parasitism ,biological control ,wasp ,controle biológico ,fly - Abstract
O desenvolvimento pós-embrionário, a produtividade da pupa, a taxa de parasitismo e a razão sexual de Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) criadas em pupas de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) foram estudadas. Diferentes densidades do parasitóide foram utilizadas (proporções 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 e 5:1) com exposição de 72 horas. Fêmeas nulíparas originárias da colônia estoque foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaio cobertos com algodão hidrofóbico, contendo uma pupa hospedeira. Cada tratamento foi constituído de 10 repetições. Após a exposição, as vespas foram descartadas e as pupas hospedeiras foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaio até a emergência dos adultos de C. macellaria ou N. vitripennis. Amostras de pupas hospedeiras não expostas ao parasitismo e recebendo o mesmo tratamento experimental foram utilizadas como controle. O período pós-embrionário foi significativamente mais curto na proporção 2:1 (13,73 dias) e mais longo na relação 5:1. Os picos de emergência ocorreram no 14º dia após a exposição do parasitóide ao hospedeiro para todas as relações, com exceção da relação 4:1(13º dia). A produtividade de N. vitripennis não variou significativamente entre as diferentes proporções. Conforme o número de parasitóides aumentou foi observado uma maior duração do período do desenvolvimento pós-embrionário e um aumento na proporção de machos na prole. A taxa de parasitismo apresentou queda quando o hospedeiro foi exposto a cinco parasitóides. The post-embryonic development, the productivity of the pupae, the rate of parasitism and the sexual ratio of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) reared in pupae of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) were studied. Different densities of the parasitoid were used (proportions 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1) with exposition of 72 hours. Nulliparous females originating from the stock colony were individualized in test tubes covered with hydrophobic cotton and containing the host pupae. Each treatment was constituted by 10 repetitions. After the exposition, the wasps were discarded and the host pupae were individualized in test tubes until the emergency of the adults of C. macellaria or N. vitripennis. Samples of host pupae not exposed to parasitism and receiving the same experimental treatment were used as control. The post-embryonic period was significantly shorter in the proportion of 2:1 (13,73 days) and longer in the relation of 5:1. The peaks of emergence occurred in the 14th day after the exposition of the parasitoid to the host in all relations, except for the relation of 4:1(13rd day). The productivity of N. vitripennis does not vary significantly among the different proportions. As the number of parasitoids grows, its post-embryonic development gets slower and the sexual ratio of males grows up. The rate of parasitism showed a decrease when the host was exposed to five parasitoids.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Biological characteristics of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitizing Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepdoptera: Noctuidae) eggs
- Author
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ZUIM, Vitor, PRATISSOLI, Dirceu, TORRES, Jorge Braz, RONDELLI, Vando Miossi, and PONTES, Wendel José Teles
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Helicoverpa armigera ,Parasitism ,Biological control ,Parasitismo ,Controle biológico ,ENTOMOLOGIA AGRICOLA [FITOSSANIDADE] - Abstract
Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-30T12:17:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitor Zuim.pdf: 736321 bytes, checksum: 42e3e5e6a120c7ec371929b3f184d990 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-30T12:17:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitor Zuim.pdf: 736321 bytes, checksum: 42e3e5e6a120c7ec371929b3f184d990 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq The bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) did not occur in Brazil until recently. The introduction and its distribution in most part of Brazil have caused considerable losses to attacked crops. Thus, the parasitism of H. armigera eggs by a Brazilian commercial strain of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was studied regarding the effect of: egg developmental age (0-12, 24-36 and 48-60 h), egg densities (15, 20, 25 and 30 eggs per female), and different temperatures (18, 21, 24, 27, 30 and 33 oC) on the parasitoids biology. Higher rates of parasitism was obtained in H. armigera eggs with up to 36 h old and when offered 20 eggs per female. Lower temperature threshold and thermal requirement for egg to adult development was 10.3 °C and 130.38 GD, respectively. The increase of temperature directly reduces parasitoid development durations from 18.67 to 6.10 days and the mean generation time (T) from 20.9 to 7.5 days when reared at 18 and 33 oC, respectively. The net reproductive rate (R0) did not differ between 21 and 27 °C; while the intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) kept increasing up to 30 °C. The greater number of host egg parasitized was observed in the first day of adult stage across all studied temperatures, except at 30 °C when the highest parasitism took place in the second day. The female longevity and the parasitism rate decreased with increasing temperatures. The higher parasitism was found at 24°C. The results indicate that the Brazilian strain of T. pretiosum has potential to be used as an applied biological control agent of the studied pest across the most areas of occurrence in Brazil. A lagarta Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) não ocorria no Brasil até recentemente. A introdução e, posterior, distribuição em quase todo o Brasil têm acarretado perdas consideráveis para as culturas atacadas. Assim, o parasitismo de ovos de H. armigera por Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), linhagem comercial brasileira, foi estudado considerando o efeito da idade dos ovos (0-12, 24-36, e 48-60 h), densidades de ovos (15, 20, 25 e 30 ovos por fêmea), bem como o efeito de diferentes temperaturas (18, 21, 24, 27, 30 e 33 oC) na biologia do parasitoide. As maiores taxas de parasitismo foram obtidas em ovos de H. armigera com até 36 h e quando ofertados 20 ovos por fêmea. O limiar térmico inferior de desenvolvimento foi de 10,3 °C e a constante térmica de 130,38 GD. O aumento da temperatura atuou de forma inversa reduzindo o desenvolvimento do parasitoide de 18,67 dias para 6,10 dias, e o tempo médio de geração (T) de 20,9 dias para 7,5 dias, quando criados a 18 °C e 33 °C, respectivamente. A taxa líquida de reprodução (R0) não diferiu na faixa de 21 a 27 °C, enquanto que a taxa intrínseca de crescimento populacional (rm) aumentou até a 30 °C. O maior número de postura por fêmeas de T. pretiosum foi verificado no primeiro dia de vida para todas as temperaturas, exceto a 30 °C em que o maior parasitismo foi observado no segundo dia. A longevidade das fêmeas, assim como o ritmo de postura, decresceu com o aumento da temperatura. A maior taxa de fecundidade foi observada a 24 °C. Os resultados obtidos apontam que a linhagem brasileira de T. pretiosum possui potencial de utilização no controle biológico aplicado da praga nas diferentes condições de temperatura de ocorrência da mesma.
- Published
- 2015
44. Reproduction of Tetrastichus howardi: Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae in Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae at different temperature
- Author
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FÁVERO, K., PEREIRA, F. F., TORRES, J. B., OLIVEIRA, H. N. de, KASSAB, S. O., ZANÚNCIO, J. C., K. FÁVERO, UFGD, F. F. PEREIRA, UFGD, J. B. TORRES, UFRPE, HARLEY NONATO DE OLIVEIRA, CPAO, UFGD, UFGD, and J. C. ZANÚNCIO, UFV.
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Criação Massal ,Parasitismo ,Controle Biológico - Published
- 2015
45. Reproduction of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae at different temperatures
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Kellen Favero, José Cola Zanuncio, Samir Oliveira Kassab, Jorge B. Torres, Harley Nonato de Oliveira, and Fabricio Fagundes Pereira
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Eulophidae ,biology ,Broca da cana- de- açúcar ,biology.organism_classification ,Fecundity ,Diatraea saccharalis ,Mass rearing ,Parasitoid ,Lepidoptera genitalia ,Pupa ,Horticulture ,Crambidae ,Parasitism ,Insect Science ,Biological control ,Botany ,Criação massal ,Parasitismo ,Sugarcane borer ,Controle biológico ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Tetrastichus - Abstract
A temperatura é o principal fator abiótico que afeta insetos. Oobjetivo deste estudo é avaliar o desenvolvimento de Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae ) em pupas de Diatraea saccharalis F., sensu Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) em seis temperaturas constantes (16, 19, 22, 25, 28 e 31 °C). Esse parasitóide se desenvolve em todas as temperaturas, com menor período de desenvolvimento e menor sobrevivência à 31 °C. Fêmeas de T. howardi podem ovipositar imediatamente após o contato com o hospedeiro, com maior fecundidade a 25 °C e sobrevivência a 16 °C. As tabelas de vida e de fertilidade mostraram uma taxa líquida de reprodução superior (R0) a 25 °C e taxa intrínseca semelhante de aumento (rm ) com as temperaturas de 25, 28 e 31 °C. A duração de uma geração (T) de T. howardi foi maior a 16 °C, o que resultou no desenvolvimento mais lento e maior longevidade das fêmeas, nesta temperatura. Tetrastichus howardi tem maior desempenho, maior fecundidade e longevidade entre 19 a 28 °C. Estes resultados são importantes para a multiplicação de T. howardi em laboratório e para entender o seu potencial para o controle biológico de D. saccharalis. Temperature is a major abiotic factor affecting insects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Diatraea saccharalis F., sensu Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae at 6 constant temperatures (16, 19, 22, 25, 28, and 31 °C). This parasitoid developed at all temperatures with the shortest development time and lowest survival at 31 °C. Tetrastichus howardi females oviposited immediately after making contact with the host pupae. Parasitoids that were kept at 25 °C had the greatest fecundity, and those kept at 16°C had the greatest longevity. The greatest net reproductive rate (R0) occurred at 25 °C, and the intrinsic rates of increase (rm) at 25, 28, and 31°C were similar but significantly greater than at the lower temperatures. The generation time (T) of T. howardi was significantly the longest at 16 °C, which resulted in the slowest development and greatest female longevity. The fecundity of Tetrastichus howardi was greater in the 19 to 28 °C temperature range than at 16 °C and at 31 °C. These results are important for the multiplication of T. howardi in the laboratory, and for understanding its potential for the biological control of D. saccharalis.
- Published
- 2015
46. Biology of Microctonus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Cyrtomon luridus BOH. (Coleoptera: Ccurculionidae) Biologia de Microctonus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitóide de Cyrtomon luridus BOH. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
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Paulo Tironi, Adrian von Treuenfels, and José Roberto Postali Parra
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parasitismo ,duboisia ,medicinal plant ,parasitism ,planta medicinal ,biological control ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,lcsh:S1-972 ,controle biológico - Abstract
Cyrtomon luridus (Boh.), a native insect of wild Solanaceae, has adapted to the medicinal plant Duboisia sp., introduced from Australia, causing damages up to 100% mortality. Microctonus sp. is the most important natural enemy of C. luridus and its potential for biological control was investigated in this work. This study was carried out in Arapongas, Paraná State, Brazil, from 1994 to 1996. Parasitism of C. luridus by Microctonus sp. was highest from February through June (maximum of 54% in May 1996), when the C. luridus adult population was decreasing. The female sex ratio of Microctonus sp. under natural conditions was 0.57 to 0.69, which was close to 1 male : 2 female. Production of males occurs parthenogetically (arrhenotoky). In the laboratory, parasitism reached 40% when two adult C. luridus were exposed per parasitoid. The number of Microctonus sp. adults that emerged per parasitized beetle ranged from 4.7 to 14.2. Larval-pupal viability was 31.7 to 64.8% and the female sex ratio ranged from 0.0 to 0.37, with prevalence of males. The egg-pupal period was 12.7 days and the pupal-adult period was 10.7 days, resulting in a mean life cycle (egg-adult) of 22.4 days for this parasitoid (25ºC, 70% R.H.). This is the first report of a new species of Microctonus sp. in C. luridus.Cyrtomon luridus (Boh.) é um inseto nativo de solanáceas silvestres e se adaptou à planta medicinal Duboisia sp., introduzida da Austrália, causando danos de até 100% de mortalidade. Microctonus sp. é o mais importante inimigo natural de C. luridus e seu potencial para o controle biológico foi investigado neste trabalho. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Arapongas, Estado do Paraná, de 1994 a 1996. O parasitismo de C. luridus, por Microctonus sp. foi maior nos meses de fevereiro a junho (máximo de 54% em maio/96), coincidindo com a diminuição da população de adultos de C. luridus. A razão sexual de fêmeas de Microctonus sp., em condições naturais, foi de 0,57 a 0,69; sem cópula há produção de machos (partenogênese arrenótoca). Em laboratório, o parasitismo chegou a 40%, quando se ofereciam 2 adultos de C. luridus para 1 parasitóide. O número de adultos de Microctonus sp. por besouro parasitado variou de 4,7 a 14,2; a viabilidade larval-pupal de 31,7 a 64,8% e a razão sexual de 0 a 0,37, com predominância de machos. O período ovo-adulto foi em média, de 22,4 dias, sendo 12,7 dias para o período ovo-pupa e 10,7 dias para o período pupa-adulto (a 25º C; 70% de U.R). Estes foram os primeiros resultados da biologia desta nova espécie de Microctonus, parasitóide com potencial a ser avaliado para o controle biológico de C. luridus.
- Published
- 2004
47. Host preference of Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for Galleria mellonella (L.) or Achroia grisella (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
- Author
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Nivar Gobbi, Giuliano G. Zacarin, José Chaud-Netto, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
- Subjects
oviposition behavior ,biology ,wax moth ,Host (biology) ,parasitism ,Biological pest control ,biological control ,Zoology ,Hymenoptera ,biology.organism_classification ,traça-da-cera ,Parasitoid ,parasitismo ,Galleria mellonella ,Lepidoptera genitalia ,comportamento de oviposição ,Parasitóide ,Insect Science ,Botany ,Braconidae ,controle biológico ,Pyralidae - Abstract
Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:41:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-566X2004000100012.pdf: 564973 bytes, checksum: 892420a5a12130fd64d3d731708d196f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:41:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-566X2004000100012.pdf: 564973 bytes, checksum: 892420a5a12130fd64d3d731708d196f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:28:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-566X2004000100012.pdf: 564973 bytes, checksum: 892420a5a12130fd64d3d731708d196f (MD5) S1519-566X2004000100012.pdf.txt: 26915 bytes, checksum: 8c979001f7a9ed329f79709c66bfdd33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:54:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-566X2004000100012.pdf: 564973 bytes, checksum: 892420a5a12130fd64d3d731708d196f (MD5) S1519-566X2004000100012.pdf.txt: 26915 bytes, checksum: 8c979001f7a9ed329f79709c66bfdd33 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:54:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-566X2004000100012.pdf: 564973 bytes, checksum: 892420a5a12130fd64d3d731708d196f (MD5) S1519-566X2004000100012.pdf.txt: 26915 bytes, checksum: 8c979001f7a9ed329f79709c66bfdd33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Galleria mellonella (L.) e Achroia grisella (Fabricius), consideradas pragas das colméias, foram utilizadas para testar a preferência do parasitóide Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson por uma das espécies. Fêmeas de A. galleriae originadas de uma criação mantida em ambas as espécies hospedeiras preferiram parasitar lagartas de A. grisella, em média, em 67% dos testes realizados. Quando se utilizaram fêmeas provenientes de uma linhagem de cinco gerações do parasitóide desenvolvidas, obrigatoriamente, em lagartas de uma das espécies hospedeiras em estudo, os resultados foram semelhantes. Fêmeas de A. galleriae oriundas de lagartas de G. mellonella parasitaram lagartas de A. grisella, em média, em 64% dos testes realizados. Já fêmeas de A. galleriae oriundas de lagartas de A. grisella parasitaram lagartas desta espécie, em média, em 63,5% dos testes realizados. Essa preferência não dependeu do número de lagartas dos dois hospedeiros utilizado em cada teste. Portanto, A. grisella demonstrou ser melhor hospedeiro que G. mellonella para a criação do parasitóide em laboratório. A. galleriae mostrou-se um inimigo natural promissor para o controle biológico das duas espécies de traças-da-cera, uma vez que pode ser facilmente criado em ambas espécies, e estas não oferecem resistência ao parasitóide. Caterpillars of Galleria mellonella (L.) and Achroia grisella (Fabricius), considered pests of beehives, were used to test host preference of the parasitoid Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson. on average, A. galleriae females originated from a lab rearing on both hosts preferred to parasitize caterpillars of A. grisella in 67% of the tests. The same experiment was repeated using A. galleriae females that had been reared during five generations in each of the host species, with similar results. A. galleriae females reared in caterpillars of G. mellonella parasitized A. grisella caterpillars in 64% of the tests, whereas the A. galleriae females reared in A. grisella parasitized the same species in 63.5% of the tests. This preference was not dependent on the number of host caterpillars used in each test. We conclude that A. grisella is a better host than G. mellonella to rear A. galleriae under laboratory conditions, and that the parasitoid is a promising natural enemy for the biological control of these species of wax moths because it can be easily reared in both species and none of these hosts show resistance to the parasitoid. Universidade Estadual Paulista Depto. Biologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Depto. Ecologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Depto. Biologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Depto. Ecologia
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Tabela de vida de fertilidade de Trichogramma pretiosum e Trichogramma acacioi em ovos de Anagasta kuehniella sob diferentes temperaturas
- Author
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Marcelo Curitiba Espindula, José Cola Zanuncio, Edylene Marota Guimarães, Ulysses Rodrigues Vianna, Josimar Souza Andrade, and Dirceu Pratissoli
- Subjects
Espirito santo ,media_common.quotation_subject ,parasitism ,Biological pest control ,Parasitism ,abacate ,biological control ,Fertility ,Botany ,Trichogramma pretiosum ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,media_common ,Anagasta kuehniella ,Nipteria panacea ,biology ,parasitóide ,biology.organism_classification ,parasitoids ,lcsh:S1-972 ,avocado ,parasitismo ,Horticulture ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Trichogramma acacioi ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Trichogramma ,controle biológico - Abstract
Species of the Trichogramma genus are among the most important ones for biological control. The objective of this research was to evaluate parasitism potential of two species of Trichogramma on eggs of Anagasta kuheniella through life fertility table, at temperatures between 15ºC and 35ºC. These species were collected in the State of Espírito Santo parasitising eggs of the avocado defoliator Nipteria panacea. Trichogramma pretiosum and T. acacioi showed adequate reproductive potential between 15ºC and 35ºC which indicates possibilities of using them in biological control programs in avocado plantations. Trichogramma é um dos gêneros de insetos mais importantes no controle biológico. Este trabalho avaliou o potencial de parasitismo de duas espécies de Trichogramma, em ovos de Anagasta kuehniella, por meio da tabela de vida de fertilidade sob temperaturas entre 15°C e 35°C. Essas espécies foram coletadas no Estado do Espírito Santo parasitando ovos do desfolhador do abacateiro Nipteria panacea. Trichogramma pretiosum e T. acacioi mostraram potencial de reprodução em temperaturas entre 15°C e 35°C, podendo ser utilizados em futuros programas de controle biológico de N. panacea em plantios de abacate.
- Published
- 2004
49. Ocorrência de Trichospilus diatraeae (Hym.: Eulophidae) em broca-das-cucurbitáceas, no Brasil Occurrence of the parasitoid Trichospilus diatraeae (Hym.: Eulophidae) in melonworm, in Brazil
- Author
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Ricardo L de Melo, Dirceu Pratissoli, Ricardo Antônio Polanczyk, Marcelo Tavares, André M Milanez, and Débora F Melo
- Subjects
parasitismo ,parasitism ,biological control ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,lcsh:Plant culture ,Diaphania hyalinata ,controle biológico - Abstract
Este trabalho tem como objetivo registrar a primeira ocorrência, no Brasil, do parasitóide de pupas Trichospilus diatraeae (Cherian & Margabandhu, 1942) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) na broca-das-cucurbitáceas, Diaphania hyalinata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). A espécie T. diatraeae já foi relatada no Brasil em pragas da gravioleira no Distrito Federal e eucalipto nos estados de Minas Gerais e São Paulo. No sistema produtivo da abóbora D. hyalinata é reconhecidamente uma praga importante por causar sérios prejuízos em função das injúrias provocadas em diferentes partes da planta. A ocorrência do parasitóide foi registrada em pupas coletadas no campo, localizado no campus experimental do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, no município de Alegre-ES.This study aims to record the first occurrence in Brazil of the parasitoid pupae Trichospilus diatraeae (Cherian & Margabandhu, 1942) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on the melonworm, Diaphania hyalinata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The specie T. diatraeae has been reported in pests of the soursop in the Distrito Federal, Brazil and eucalyptus in the Brazilian States of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. In the production system of pumpkin D. hyalinata is recognized as a significant pest which causes serious losses as a result of injuries caused in different parts of the plant. The occurrence of the parasitoid was recorded in pupae collected in the field, located on the campus of the Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre Espirito Santo State, Brazil.
- Published
- 2011
50. Ocorrência e importância de inimigos naturais de pragas em cajueiro no Estado do Ceará (Brasil)
- Author
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MESQUITA, A. L. M., BRAGA SOBRINHO, R., ANTONIO LINDEMBERG MARTINS MESQUITA, CNPAT, and RAIMUNDO BRAGA SOBRINHO, CNPAT.
- Subjects
Parasitismo ,Controle Biológico ,Anacardium Occidentale ,Inimigos naturais - Published
- 2014
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