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Acute corneal hydrops (ACH) is a rare but sight-threatening complication of corneal ectasias. We aim to review the current literature on etiopathogenesis, histology, role of ancillary investigations, management, and outcomes of ACH by classifying the various management strategies based on their site of action and the underlying mechanism. A review of the literature was conducted by searching the following databases: PubMed (United States National Library of Medicine), Embase (Reed Elsevier Properties SA), Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), and Scopus (Elsevier BV) till April 2023. The literature search used various combinations of the following keywords: acute corneal hydrops, keratoconus, ectasia, management, keratoplasty. Nine hundred eighty-three articles were identified based on the above searches. Case reports which did not add any new modality of treatment to the existing literature, articles unrelated to management, those with no full text available, and foreign-language articles with no translation available were excluded. Eventually, 75 relevant articles that pertained to the management of ACH were shortlisted and reviewed. Recent studies have described newer surgical interventions like full-thickness or pre-Descemetic sutures, thermokeratoplasty, and plasma injection that aim to close the posterior stromal break. Posterior lamellar keratoplasties act by replacing the posterior torn Descemet's membrane (DM), and early deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) has been attempted to combine the correction of the anatomical defect and visual rehabilitation in a single surgery. These surgical interventions may help by reducing the scarring and increasing the number of patients who can be visually rehabilitated with contact lenses rather than keratoplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traboulsi syndrome is a sporadic autosomal recessive disorder. Very few cases reported and no surgical treatment has been described. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe the surgical treatment of a case of Traboulsi syndrome with intercalary staphyloma. Synopsis: Traboulsi syndrome[1‑3] is a type of spontaneous filtering bleb. The case was of a 31‑year‑old lady with a flat anterior chamber and large intercalary staphyloma, with a subluxated clear lens. Liberal peritomy was done. The staphyloma was cut and the displaced lens was delivered through it. It was closed with 7‑0 vicryl continuous suture. A cross‑linked cornea was used after removing the Descemet membrane. It was modified to match the crescentic shape of the limbus by using 11 and 6 mm trephine. Two wedge‑shaped defects were created and tissue was excised between them, which were then sutured to increase the arc radius. A peripheral flange at the corneal edge was created. A pocket was created in the host cornea to accommodate the donor corneal flange. The donor cornea was tucked in and the graft was sutured. The sclera was used to suture another side prophylactically, making a 360‑degree encirclage. The patient got ambulatory vision postsurgery. The use of the cornea as biological encirclage has not been described previously. Highlights: Using a cross‑linked cornea. Creating wedge‑shaped defects in crescentic corneal graft to increase arc radius. Use of cornea as encirclage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]