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Postoperative coronary angiography offers the basis for prompt management of ischemic complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Little is known about the effects of postoperative angiography on renal function. The current study aims to assess the incidence and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) following postoperative coronary angiography. A total of 221 CABG patients (mean age, 67 ± 8 years) underwent postoperative coronary angiography due to perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI). AKI was defined according to the KDIGO criteria. Logistic regression analyses were performed to find out risk factors responsible for AKI and to ascertain significant associations between AKI and in-hospital death. Mean delay from CABG operation to postoperative angiography was 1.4 ± 1.0 days. AKI occurred in 79/221 (36%) patients. Mean serum-creatinine (sCr) values peaked on the first day after the angiography and reached the lowest level at the fourth day. In the multivariable analysis, the following variables were independent predictors for AKI: postoperative peak values of CK-MB (p = 0.049, OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06 per 10 U/l), EuroSCORE I (p = 0.011, OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04-1.35), and AKI before re-angiography (p = 0.004, OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.51-8.16), whereas a delayed angiography (p = 0.031, OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49-0.97) was protective against AKI. Patients with post-angiography AKI had a significantly higher mortality after multivariable adjustment than patients without AKI (15.5% vs. 2.11%, p = 0.001, OR 5.42, 95% CI 1.35-21.75). Over one-third of patients who undergo postoperatively angiography develop AKI. The occurrence of AKI must be considered during the decision-making prior to coronary angiography, especially in patients presenting the identified risk factors for AKI.

Background: It is known that the use of a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiac surgery leads to leukocyte activation and may, among other causes, induce organ dysfunction due to increased leukocyte recruitment into different organs. Leukocyte extravasation occurs in a cascade-like fashion, including capturing, rolling, adhesion, and transmigration. However, the molecular mechanisms of increased leukocyte recruitment caused by CPB are not known. This clinical study was undertaken in order to investigate which steps of the leukocyte recruitment cascade are affected by the systemic inflammation during CPB., Methods: We investigated the effects of CPB on the different steps of the leukocyte recruitment cascade in whole blood from healthy volunteers (n = 9) and patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 7) or in off-pump coronary artery bypass-technique (OPCAB, n = 9) by using flow chamber experiments, transmigration assays, and biochemical analysis., Results: CPB abrogated selectin-induced slow leukocyte rolling on E-selectin/ICAM-1 and P-selectin/ICAM-1. In contrast, chemokine-induced arrest and transmigration was significantly increased by CPB. Mechanistically, the abolishment of slow leukocyte rolling was due to disturbances in intracellular signaling with reduced phosphorylation of phospholipase C (PLC) γ2, Akt, and p38 MAP kinase. Furthermore, CPB induced an elevated transmigration which was caused by upregulation of Mac-1 on neutrophils., Conclusion: These data suggest that CPB abrogates selectin-mediated slow leukocyte rolling by disturbing intracellular signaling, but that the clinically observed increased leukocyte recruitment caused by CPB is due to increased chemokine-induced arrest and transmigration. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms causing systemic inflammation after CPB may aid in the development of new therapeutic approaches.

Background: Off-pump operations (OPCAB) are growingly used for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and may be associated with improved outcomes when compared with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using extracorporeal circulation (ECC), especially in patients with comorbidities. The aim of this study is to compare the intra- and postoperative results of OPCAB complete arterial myocardial revascularization with standard on-pump CABG under respect of comorbidities., Methods: We report about the implementing of the off-pump technique in our institution from November 2004 to May 2006. Sixty-two patients with CABG in off-pump technique were compared to a control group of 129 patients with CABG using ECC. The off-pump technique was mostly used in patients with vascular and pulmonary diseases. All operations were performed by the same surgeon. All off-pumps were performed using both internal thoracic arteries (ITA) or left ITA and radial artery (RA) in T-graft technique, while in the on-pump group only the LITA and saphenous vein were used. The conversion rate from OPCAB to conventional CABG was 3.2% (two patients)., Results: Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were significant more often in the off-pump group. Other preoperative risk factors were comparable between the groups. Operation time was significantly longer in the off-pump group. Postoperative symptomatic transient psychotic syndromes were more often in the on-pump group. Outcome was similar, despite significant longer operation time in off-pump group., Conclusion: Off-pump coronary artery surgery can be performed in patients with comorbidities with similar outcome compared to on-pump surgery.