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2. Association of Prediabetes With Higher Coronary Atherosclerotic Burden Among Patients With First Diagnosed Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Author

Açar B, Ozeke O, Karakurt M, Ozen Y, Özbay MB, Unal S, Karanfil M, Yayla C, Cay S, Maden O, Topaloğlu S, Aras D, Golbasi Z, and Aydogdu S

Subjects
Acute Coronary Syndrome diagnosis, Aged, Coronary Angiography methods, Female, Heart, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prediabetic State diagnosis, Risk Assessment, Acute Coronary Syndrome complications, Coronary Artery Disease complications, Plaque, Atherosclerotic complications, Prediabetic State complications
Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with more extensive coronary atherosclerosis and more vulnerable plaque phenotypes. However, DM should not be considered a homogeneous and purely binary entity in terms of risk assessment. We evaluated the impact of prediabetic status on coronary atherosclerosis burden in patients with first-time acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent urgent coronary angiography. The patients were divided into DM, prediabetes, and control groups. The 3-vessel disease (TVD) rates and SYNTAX and Gensini scoring systems for defining atherosclerotic burden were compared. The study was conducted in 469 consecutive patients admitted with a diagnosis of ACS. Of these, 250 patients were admitted at the first occurrence of ACS undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. SYNTAX and Gensini scores and TVD rates were higher in prediabetic patients than in nondiabetic patients ( P = .004, P = .008, and P = .014, respectively), but similar in prediabetic and diabetic patients ( P = .912, P = .773, and P = 1.000, respectively). Coronary atherosclerosis burden is more advanced in prediabetic patients than in nondiabetic patients and is comparable between prediabetic and diabetic patients at first presentation of ACS. Cardiologists should not miss the opportunity to diagnose prediabetes and DM when patients present with an ACS.

Published
2019
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3. The Relationship Between Resting Heart Rate and SYNTAX Score in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease.

Author

Yilmaz S, Sen F, Akboga MK, Balci KG, Aras D, Temizhan A, and Aydogdu S

Subjects
Coronary Angiography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome, Angina, Stable physiopathology, Angina, Stable surgery, Coronary Artery Disease physiopathology, Coronary Artery Disease surgery, Heart Rate physiology, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Abstract

We investigated the relationship between resting heart rate (HR) and The Synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with Taxus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). A total of 420 patients who were admitted to our outpatient clinic for stable angina pectoris with sinus rhythm and had at least 50% narrowing in at least 1 coronary artery after coronary angiography were included in the study. Patients were divided into 3 tertiles based on the resting HR: HR of tertile 1 was ≤65 (n = 138), tertile 2 was between 66 and 76 (n = 139), and tertile 3 was ≥77 beats/min (n = 143). The SYNTAX score (7.6 ± 4.6, 12.4 ± 5.6, 20.3 ± 8.1; P < .001) was significantly higher for those in tertile 3 than for those in tertiles 1 and 2. Leukocyte count (7.8 ± 2.2, 7.9 ± 2.2, 8.4 ± 2.3 × 10 9 /L; P = .035) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (2.4 ± 0.5, 3.2 ± 0.7, 4.5 ± 1.2 mg/L, P < .001) were increasing from the lowest to the highest tertile. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, CRP (odds ratio [OR] 1.54 [1.17-2.11], P = .001) and resting HR (OR 1.67 [1.25-2.19], P < .001) emerged as independent predictors of SYNTAX score. Resting HR is related to SYNTAX score in patients with SCAD.

Published
2017
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4. Usefulness of monocyte to HDL-cholesterol ratio to predict high SYNTAX score in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Author

Akboga MK, Balci KG, Maden O, Ertem AG, Kirbas O, Yayla C, Acar B, Aras D, Kisacik H, and Aydogdu S

Subjects
Aged, C-Reactive Protein analysis, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Artery Disease complications, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Complications, Female, Humans, Hypertension complications, Inflammation, Middle Aged, Monocytes metabolism, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Oxidative Stress, Regression Analysis, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Cholesterol, HDL blood, Coronary Artery Disease pathology, Monocytes cytology
Abstract

Aim: We aimed to investigate whether baseline monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), an easily available inflammatory and oxidative stress marker, is associated with SYNTAX score., Patients & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, n = 1229 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease were classified into two groups, low SYNTAX score (≤22) and high SYNTAX score (≥23)., Results: MHRs were significantly higher in patients with high SYNTAX score (p < 0.05). In multivariate regression analysis, MHR remained as independent predictor of high SYNTAX score together with C-reactive protein (CRP), hypertension and diabetes mellitus. In correlation analysis, MHR showed significant positive correlations with SYNTAX score (r = 0.371, p < 0.001) and CRP level (r = 0.336, p < 0.001)., Conclusion: This study suggests MHR is independently associated with burden of coronary atherosclerosis.

Published
2016
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5. Association of serum total bilirubin level with severity of coronary atherosclerosis is linked to systemic inflammation.

Author

Akboga MK, Canpolat U, Sahinarslan A, Alsancak Y, Nurkoc S, Aras D, Aydogdu S, and Abaci A

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Biomarkers blood, C-Reactive Protein analysis, Chi-Square Distribution, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Artery Disease diagnosis, Coronary Artery Disease immunology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Erythrocyte Indices, Female, Humans, Inflammation diagnosis, Inflammation immunology, Linear Models, Lymphocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Predictive Value of Tests, Protective Factors, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Bilirubin blood, Coronary Artery Disease blood, Inflammation blood, Inflammation Mediators blood, Lymphocytes immunology, Neutrophils immunology
Abstract

Objective: Although cardiovascular protective action of bilirubin has been attributed to its antioxidant effect, there was scarce data regarding the anti-inflammatory properties. Herein, we aimed to assess the relationship between serum total bilirubin level and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in association with the direct inflammatory marker such as C-reactive protein (CRP), the other indirect markers included in inflammation process such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red cell distribution width (RDW) in patients with stable CAD., Methods: Angiographic data of 1501 patients were analyzed in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients were categorized according to Gensini scores as control, mild CAD and severe CAD groups. The association of clinical and laboratory parameters with the severity of CAD were determined by multivariable linear regression analysis., Results: Total bilirubin level in the control group was significantly higher than those of the other groups. After multivariable linear regression analysis total bilirubin [β=-3.131 (-4.481, -1.782), p<0.001] was significantly associated with the severity of CAD. Futhermore, there was a moderate and significant inverse correlation between serum total bilirubin level and the severity of CAD (r=-0.173, p<0.001), CRP (r=-0.112, p<0.001), NLR (r=-0.070, p=0.026) and RDW (r=-0.074, p=0.027)., Conclusion: Serum total bilirubin level was independently and inversely associated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with stable CAD. In addition, total bilirubin level was inversely correlated with CRP, NLR and RDW. These results suggest that besides its already known effect on the oxidative stress, higher serum total bilirubin level may exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect in the coronary atherosclerotic process., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2015
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8. Association of prediabetes with diffuse coronary narrowing and small-vessel disease.

Author

Ertan C, Ozeke O, Gul M, Aras D, Topaloglu S, Kisacik HL, Demir AD, Aydogdu S, and Ozin B

Subjects
Aged, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Revascularization, Prospective Studies, Coronary Artery Disease pathology, Coronary Vessels pathology, Prediabetic State pathology
Abstract

Background: A significant number of patients may not benefit from conventional techniques of myocardial revascularization due to diffuse coronary artery disease (CAD) or small coronary arterial sizes because of smaller arteries causing anastomotic technical difficulties and poor run-off. Diabetic patients have a more severe and diffuse coronary atherosclerosis with smaller coronary arteries limiting the possibility to perform a successful and complete revascularization, but this has not been examined in prediabetics., Objective: To evaluate whether there is an association between prediabetes and the coronary arterial size., Methods: We prospectively studied 168 consecutive patients with CAD and 172 patients with normal coronary artery anatomy (NCA). Patients were divided into three groups according to hemoglobin (Hb) A1c levels as "normal," "prediabetic," and "diabetic" groups, and the coronary artery sizes and Gensini scores were analyzed., Results: There were 78 female patients and 90 male patients in the CAD group, and 87 female patients and 85 male patients in the NCA group. There was a statistically significant difference in distal and proximal total coronary arterial size among the CAD and NCA groups for both genders. There was a positive correlation between the HbA1c subgroups and Gensini score (Spearman's ρ: 0.489, p<0.001 in female group; Spearman's ρ: 0.252 p=0.016 in male group)., Conclusion: We found that prediabetic patients have a smaller coronary size and diffuse coronary narrowing for both genders, particularly in distal coronary arterial tree of left anterior descending coronary artery. The early detection of prediabetes in daily cardiology practice may provide more appropriate coronary lesion for percutaneous or surgical revascularization., (Copyright © 2013 Japanese College of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2014
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9. Safety of clopidogrel in older patients: a nonrandomized, parallel-group, controlled, two-centre study.

Author

Cay S, Cagirci G, Aydogdu S, Balbay Y, Sen N, Maden O, Demir AD, and Erbay AR

Subjects
Acute Coronary Syndrome therapy, Administration, Cutaneous, Age Factors, Aged, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, Aspirin adverse effects, Aspirin therapeutic use, Clopidogrel, Coronary Artery Disease therapy, Female, Hemorrhage chemically induced, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction chemically induced, Prospective Studies, Stents, Stroke chemically induced, Thrombocytopenia chemically induced, Ticlopidine adverse effects, Ticlopidine therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Acute Coronary Syndrome drug therapy, Coronary Artery Disease drug therapy, Ticlopidine analogs & derivatives
Abstract

Background: The safety and efficacy of clopidogrel therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have been demonstrated., Objectives: To evaluate the safety (primary outcome, defined as any bleeding complication or thrombocytopenia) and adverse outcomes (secondary outcomes, defined as death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction or stroke) of clopidogrel therapy in patients aged ≥75 years with stable or unstable coronary artery disease undergoing PCI, and to compare these outcomes with those in younger controls., Methods: Patients with both stable coronary heart disease and acute coronary syndromes undergoing PCI were included in the study. Two groups were formed according to age at the time of admission. Patients aged ≥75 years (the study group, n = 149) formed one group; the other group included patients aged <75 years (the control group, n = 298). During an ad hoc PCI procedure, a 600 mg loading and 75 mg/day maintenance dose of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) therapy (300 mg/day) were administrated to both treatment groups. In-hospital outcomes were investigated during a mean ± SD follow-up period of 5.3 ± 3.9 days., Results: The first safety (primary) outcome of any bleeding event occurred in 16.1% of the patients in the study (older) group and 6.0% of the patients in the control (younger) group (odds ratio [OR] 2.987; 95% CI 1.565, 5.701; p = 0.001). The second safety outcome of TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) major bleeding occurred in 4.0% of the patients in the study group and 0.7% of the patients in the control group (OR 6.210; 95% CI 1.238, 31.151; p = 0.012). Other safety outcomes of TIMI minor/minimal bleeding and thrombocytopenia were not different between the two groups. The rate of the first adverse (secondary) outcome of the composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction or stroke was higher in older patients (12.1% vs 5.4%) [OR 2.422; 95% CI 1.197, 4.899; p = 0.012], primarily driven by stroke events (2.0% vs 0%; p = 0.014)., Conclusions: Any bleeding and TIMI major bleeding complications increase in patients aged ≥75 years treated with clopidogrel in addition to aspirin.

Published
2011
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10. Türk hipertansiyon hastalarında mikroalbuminüri sıklığı ve ilişkili kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri

Author

V Çam, M Etemoglu, Sebahattin Ateşal, E Koçak, Bulent Polat, Meral Kayıkçıoğlu, Yekta Gürlertop, Cem Köz, Ö Özbek, H Yegin, Ceyhun Ceyhan, K Dönmez, B Tosun, H Atmaca, G Dönmez, B. ilerigelen, H Bozdemir, I Biyik, A Sökmen, F Koca, Kenan Övünç, Ramazan Topsakal, Sadi Gulec, O Tartanoglu, Kurtulus Ozdemir, A Fiskeci, E Akarca, Ahmet Sakalli, A Yavuz, M Bilaloglu, Giray Kabakci, T Keleş, F K Inceer, H Tunar, Ş Coşkun, M Şan, S C Turan, Serkan Topaloglu, Irem Dincer, S Yorganci, R Yoldaş, Ömer Kozan, I T Kurt, Mehmet İlker Gökçe, Hakan Kültürsay, A Yilmaz, C Genç, M Ö Sunay, K Tigen, A Sinci, T Ulusoy, Şükrü Ünal, Filiz Özerkan, Sinan Aydoğdu, H Bozkurt, N S Aran, Ercan Varol, O Sancaktar, A Delice, H Tikiz, Emin Evren Özcan, Fatih Sinan Ertaş, H Kaymak, E Semiz, C Rezzagil, I Susal, N Çam, F Özmen, Vedat Aytekin, S Çolak, A Keskin, E Acartürk, N Ata, Oben Döven, H Boga, H Vural, E Şensoy, A Lazoglu, I Özdogru, Y Balbay, Dursun Aras, J Jordan, Dilek Yeşilbursa, H Akgöz, E Onrat, Y Selçoki, Dilek Ural, R Uçar, Sinan Kahraman, H Gök, M T Sirkeci, T Peker, M Bilge, Mehmet Metin Seker, C Agçal, D Aytekin, S Toktaş, A Birdane, Y Yakar, A H Sözcüer, U Sümerkan, S Sakalli, Mehmet Oc, N Sönmez, M Bostan, A Akyüz, Adnan Abaci, V Koca, K Şahna, K Aytemir, Yuksel Cavusoglu, M Tahtasiz, Adalet Gürlek, O Ergene, V Gökçe, I Dogru, M Dagalp, Cuneyt Turkoglu, Ramazan Akdemir, C Uyan, Ahmet Vural, R Kargin, Enver Atalar, A Ünsal, A Bitigen, T T Gündogdu, Kaan Kulan, B Erol, A U Gülmez, Merih Kutlu, K Öztaş, I Tandogan, A Karanfil, Mustafa Polat, S Cinsoy, A Sert, M Çakmak, Ali Ergin, T Durmaz, A Aydinlar, P Pinar, A Kerpeten, Serdar Sevimli, Saide Aytekin, C Nazli, T Kirat, Zeynep Tartan, H Atasever, A Çamsari, A Aribaş, N Keser, Aydan Ongun Ozdemir, N Coşkun, Mehmet Yazici, Y Erzurum, Nevrez Koylan, Mustafa Yilmaz, M Ş Güçel, A E Kiliçoglu, O H Elönü, A Köşüş, G Topkara, G Daş, L Saraç, M Melek, D Gaffari, A Bayram, Z Tosun, K Kaya, Mahmut Şahin, Z Işilak, A Içli, Necla Ozer, Mustafa Kılıçkap, E Aygün, H Gündüz, H Öney, A Daver, Z Kaplan, M Gürsürer, Huseyin Arinc, A Irmak, Osman Alper Onbasili, F V Ulusoy, Mehmet Ridvan Yalcin, M Şerifi, Ahmet Temizhan, Ahmet Çelik, C Kirdar, S Mecit, Cihan Örem, A Güven, Kozan, Ö., Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Özcan, E.E., Izmir Hospital, Izmir, Turkey -- Sancaktar, O., Istanbul Şafak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Antalya, Turkey -- Kabakci, G., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Sözcüer, A.H., Merkez Efendi State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Kerpeten, A., Kütahya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kütahya, Turkey -- Delice, A., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Içli, A., Konya Municipality Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Sökmen, A., Sütçü Imam University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey -- Gürlek, A., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ibn-i Sina Hospital, Ankara, Turkey -- Abaci, A., Gazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Bayram, A., Erzurum Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Erzurum, Turkey -- Köşüş, A., Ordu Medical Center, 19 Eylül Internal Diseases Polyclinic, Ordu, Turkey -- Çamsari, A., Mersin University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Mersin, Turkey -- Sakalli, A., Afyon State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Afyon, Turkey -- Sert, A., Beypazari State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Temizhan, A., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Yilmaz, A., Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Sivas, Turkey -- Daver, A., Antalya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Aydinlar, A., Uludag University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bursa, Turkey -- Ergin, A., Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kayseri, Turkey -- Kiliçoglu, A.E., Elazig State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Elazig, Turkey -- Birdane, A., Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Aribaş, A., Konya Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Lazoglu, A., Intermed Medical Center, Cardiology Clinic, Alanya, Antalya, Turkey -- Özdemir, A., 1 Eylül State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Uşak, Turkey -- Fiskeci, A., Balikesir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Balikesir, Turkey -- Çelik, A., Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Afyon, Turkey -- Bitigen, A., Kartal Koşuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Keskin, A., Akhisar State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Yavuz, A., Kartal Koşuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Akyüz, A., Sultan 1. Izzettin Keykavuş State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Sivas, Turkey -- Karanfil, A., Fatih University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Ünsal, A., Gölcük State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Sinci, A., Bilecik State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bilecik, Turkey -- Gülmez, A.U., Pamukkale State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Denizli, Turkey -- Irmak, A., Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Vural, A., Toros State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mersin, Turkey -- Güven, A., Sütçü Imam University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey -- Ilerigelen, B., Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Erol, B., Giresun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Giresun, Turkey -- Polat, B., Polatli Duatepe State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Tosun, B., Aydin 82. Yil State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Aydin, Turkey -- Agçal, C., Isparta State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Isparta, Turkey -- Genç, C., Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Kirdar, C., Eskişehir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Rezzagil, C., Şevket Yilmaz State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Köz, C., Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Nazli, C., Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Ceyhan, C., Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Aydin, Turkey -- Örem, C., Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Trabzon, Turkey -- Uyan, C., Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bolu, Turkey -- Türkoglu, C., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Gaffari, D., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Üsküdar, Istanbul, Turkey -- Aytekin, D., Salihli Public Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Ural, D., Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Yeşilbursa, D., Uludag University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bursa, Turkey -- Aras, D., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Semiz, E., Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Denizli, Turkey -- Koçak, E., Evliya Çelebi State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kütahya, Turkey -- Atalar, E., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Varol, E., Süleyman Demirel University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Isparta, Turkey -- Onrat, E., Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Afyon, Turkey -- Şensoy, E., Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Acartürk, E., Çukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey -- Akarca, E., Nazilli State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Aydin, Turkey -- Aygün, E., Bafra State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Samsun, Turkey -- Ertaş, F.S., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Koca, F., Alsancak State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Özmen, F., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Ulusoy, F.V., Ankara Numune Hospital, 2nd Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Özerkan, F., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Inceer, F.K., Çorum State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Çorum, Turkey -- Dönmez, G., Bakirköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Topkara, G., Bandirma State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Balikesir, Turkey -- Daş, G., 82. Yil State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adiyaman, Turkey -- Bozkurt, H., Antakya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antakya, Turkey -- Kültürsay, H., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Tikiz, H., Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Manisa, Turkey -- Akgöz, H., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Kaymak, H., Tarsus State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mersin, Turkey -- Öney, H., Artvin State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Artvin, Turkey -- Yegin, H., Antalya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Boga, H., Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Fatma Timurçin Heart Center, Adana, Turkey -- Gök, H., Selçuk State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Vural, H., Vedat Ali Özkan State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Atasever, H., Adapazari State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adapazari, Turkey -- Arinç, H., Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Bozdemir, H., Buca Seyfi Demirsoy State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Gündüz, H., Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Tunar, H., Salihli State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Atmaca, H., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Dogru, I., Çukurova State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adana, Turkey -- Özdogru, I., Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kayseri, Turkey -- Susal, I., Karşiyaka State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Kurt, I.T., Atakalp Heart Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Dinçer, I., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Biyik, I., Uşak State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Uşak, Turkey -- Tandogan, I., Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Sivas, Turkey -- Jordan, J., Uludag University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bursa, Turkey -- Kulan, K., Trabzon Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Trabzon, Turkey -- Şahna, K., Ordu State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ordu, Turkey -- Öztaş, K., Samsun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Samsun, Turkey -- Dönmez, K., Manavgat State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Övünç, K., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Kaya, K., Bursa State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Aytemir, K., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Özdemir, K., Selçuk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Konya, Turkey -- Tigen, K., Ümraniye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Saraç, L., Istinye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Sirkeci, M.T., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Erzincan, Turkey -- Çakmak, M., Ümraniye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Şahin, M., Ondokuz Mayis University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Samsun, Turkey -- Kutlu, M., Harput State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Elazig, Turkey -- Bilge, M., Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Bostan, M., Rize State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Rize, Turkey -- Melek, M., Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Afyon, Turkey -- Sunay, M.Ö., Balikesir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Balikesir, Turkey -- Şeker, M., Meram State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Güçel, M.Ş., Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Fatma Timurçin Heart Center, Adana, Turkey -- Yazici, M., Düzce University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Kayikçioglu, M., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Öç, M., Ümraniye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Gürsürer, M., Karaelmas University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Zonguldak, Turkey -- Dagalp, M., Ziraat Bank Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Bilaloglu, M., Erzurum Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Erzurum, Turkey -- Yalçin, M., GATA Haydarpaşa Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Şerifi, M., Izmit State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Gökçe, M., Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Trabzon, Turkey -- Kiliçkap, M., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Ankara, Turkey -- Polat, M., Ceyhan State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adana, Turkey -- Şan, M., Çukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey -- Tahtasiz, M., Eşrefpaşa Municipality Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Yilmaz, M., Kayseri State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Etemoglu, M., Izmir Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Coşkun, N., Harput State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Elazig, Turkey -- Aran, N.S., Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Ata, N., Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Sönmez, N., Bodrum State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mugla, Turkey -- Çam, N., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Koylan, N., Istanbul University Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Özer, N., Iskenderun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Hatay, Turkey -- Keser, N., Maltepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Döven, O., Mersin University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Mersin, Turkey -- Tartanoglu, O., Karaman State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Karaman, Turkey -- Ergene, O., Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Elönü, O.H., Melikgazi Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Onbaşili, O.A., Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Aydin, Turkey -- Özbek, Ö., Marmara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Pinar, P., Manisa State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Akdemir, R., Düzce University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Kargin, R., Kartal Koşuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Topsakal, R., Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kayseri, Turkey -- Yoldaş, R., Konya Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Uçar, R., Giresun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Giresun, Turkey -- Ateşal, S., Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Erzurum, Turkey -- Toktaş, S., Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Fatma Timurçin Heart Center, Adana, Turkey -- Cinsoy, S., Sabuncuoglu Şerafeddin State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Amasya, Turkey -- Güleç, S., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Aytekin, S., Kadir Has University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Çolak, S., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Sivas, Turkey -- Mecit, S., Çanakkale Şehitlik State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Çanakkale, Turkey -- Sakalli, S., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Sevimli, S., Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Erzurum, Turkey -- Topaloglu, S., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Aydogdu, S., Ankara Numune Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Turan, S.C., Fatih Sultan Mehmet State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Kahraman, S., Nigde State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Nigde, Turkey -- Yorganci, S., Atatürk State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Coşkun, Ş., Bursa State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Ünal, Ş., Nevşehir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Nevşehir, Turkey -- Durmaz, T., Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Ulusoy, T., Aksaray State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Aksaray, Turkey -- Keleş, T., Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Kirat, T., Mugla State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mugla, Turkey -- Gündogdu, T.T., Gebze Fatih Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Peker, T., Gemlik State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Sümerkan, U., Marmara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Aytekin, V., Kadir Has University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Koca, V., Bursa Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Çam, V., Fethiye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mugla, Turkey -- Gökçe, V., Konya Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Gürlertop, Y., Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Erzurum, Turkey -- Balbay, Y., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Çavuşoglu, Y., Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Erzurum, Y., Eskişehir Yunus Emre State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Selçoki, Y., Fatih University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Yakar, Y., Tokat State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Tokat, Turkey -- Işilak, Z., GATA Haydarpaşa Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Tosun, Z., Antalya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Kaplan, Z., Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Tartan, Z., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi, 0-Belirlenecek, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, BAİBÜ, Tıp Fakültesi, Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Uyan, Cihangir, Aytekin, Saide, Aytekin, Vedat, Kozan, Ö., Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Özcan, E.E., Izmir Hospital, Izmir, Turkey -- Sancaktar, O., Istanbul Şafak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Antalya, Turkey -- Kabakci, G., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Sözcüer, A.H., Merkez Efendi State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Kerpeten, A., Kütahya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kütahya, Turkey -- Delice, A., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Içli, A., Konya Municipality Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Sökmen, A., Sütçü Imam University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey -- Gürlek, A., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ibn-i Sina Hospital, Ankara, Turkey -- Abaci, A., Gazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Bayram, A., Erzurum Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Erzurum, Turkey -- Köşüş, A., Ordu Medical Center, 19 Eylül Internal Diseases Polyclinic, Ordu, Turkey -- Çamsari, A., Mersin University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Mersin, Turkey -- Sakalli, A., Afyon State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Afyon, Turkey -- Sert, A., Beypazari State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Temizhan, A., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Yilmaz, A., Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Sivas, Turkey -- Daver, A., Antalya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Aydinlar, A., Uluda? University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bursa, Turkey -- Ergin, A., Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kayseri, Turkey -- Kiliço?lu, A.E., Elazi? State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Elazi?, Turkey -- Birdane, A., Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Aribaş, A., Konya Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Lazo?lu, A., Intermed Medical Center, Cardiology Clinic, Alanya, Antalya, Turkey -- Özdemir, A., 1 Eylül State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Uşak, Turkey -- Fiskeci, A., Balikesir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Balikesir, Turkey -- Çelik, A., Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Afyon, Turkey -- Bitigen, A., Kartal Koşuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Keskin, A., Akhisar State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Yavuz, A., Kartal Koşuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Akyüz, A., Sultan 1. Izzettin Keykavuş State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Sivas, Turkey -- Karanfil, A., Fatih University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Ünsal, A., Gölcük State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Sinci, A., Bilecik State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bilecik, Turkey -- Gülmez, A.U., Pamukkale State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Denizli, Turkey -- Irmak, A., Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Vural, A., Toros State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mersin, Turkey -- Güven, A., Sütçü Imam University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey -- Ilerigelen, B., Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Erol, B., Giresun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Giresun, Turkey -- Polat, B., Polatli Duatepe State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Tosun, B., Aydin 82. Yil State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Aydin, Turkey -- A?çal, C., Isparta State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Isparta, Turkey -- Genç, C., Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Kirdar, C., Eskişehir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Rezzagil, C., Şevket Yilmaz State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Köz, C., Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Nazli, C., Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Ceyhan, C., Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Aydin, Turkey -- Örem, C., Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Trabzon, Turkey -- Uyan, C., Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bolu, Turkey -- Türko?lu, C., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Gaffari, D., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Üsküdar, Istanbul, Turkey -- Aytekin, D., Salihli Public Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Ural, D., Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Yeşilbursa, D., Uluda? University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bursa, Turkey -- Aras, D., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Semiz, E., Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Denizli, Turkey -- Koçak, E., Evliya Çelebi State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kütahya, Turkey -- Atalar, E., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Varol, E., Süleyman Demirel University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Isparta, Turkey -- Onrat, E., Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Afyon, Turkey -- Şensoy, E., Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Acartürk, E., Çukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey -- Akarca, E., Nazilli State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Aydin, Turkey -- Aygün, E., Bafra State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Samsun, Turkey -- Ertaş, F.S., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Koca, F., Alsancak State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Özmen, F., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Ulusoy, F.V., Ankara Numune Hospital, 2nd Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Özerkan, F., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Inceer, F.K., Çorum State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Çorum, Turkey -- Dönmez, G., Bakirköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Topkara, G., Bandirma State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Balikesir, Turkey -- Daş, G., 82. Yil State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adiyaman, Turkey -- Bozkurt, H., Antakya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antakya, Turkey -- Kültürsay, H., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Tikiz, H., Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Manisa, Turkey -- Akgöz, H., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Kaymak, H., Tarsus State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mersin, Turkey -- Öney, H., Artvin State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Artvin, Turkey -- Ye?in, H., Antalya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Bo?a, H., Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Fatma Timurçin Heart Center, Adana, Turkey -- Gök, H., Selçuk State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Vural, H., Vedat Ali Özkan State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Atasever, H., Adapazari State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adapazari, Turkey -- Arinç, H., Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Bozdemir, H., Buca Seyfi Demirsoy State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Gündüz, H., Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Tunar, H., Salihli State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Atmaca, H., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Do?ru, I., Çukurova State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adana, Turkey -- Özdo?ru, I., Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kayseri, Turkey -- Susal, I., Karşiyaka State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Kurt, I.T., Atakalp Heart Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Dinçer, I., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Biyik, I., Uşak State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Uşak, Turkey -- Tando?an, I., Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Sivas, Turkey -- Jordan, J., Uluda? University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bursa, Turkey -- Kulan, K., Trabzon Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Trabzon, Turkey -- Şahna, K., Ordu State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ordu, Turkey -- Öztaş, K., Samsun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Samsun, Turkey -- Dönmez, K., Manavgat State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Övünç, K., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Kaya, K., Bursa State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Aytemir, K., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Özdemir, K., Selçuk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Konya, Turkey -- Tigen, K., Ümraniye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Saraç, L., Istinye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Sirkeci, M.T., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Erzincan, Turkey -- Çakmak, M., Ümraniye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Şahin, M., Ondokuz Mayis University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Samsun, Turkey -- Kutlu, M., Harput State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Elazi?, Turkey -- Bilge, M., Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Bostan, M., Rize State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Rize, Turkey -- Melek, M., Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Afyon, Turkey -- Sunay, M.Ö., Balikesir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Balikesir, Turkey -- Şeker, M., Meram State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Güçel, M.Ş., Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Fatma Timurçin Heart Center, Adana, Turkey -- Yazici, M., Düzce University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Kayikçio?lu, M., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Öç, M., Ümraniye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Gürsürer, M., Karaelmas University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Zonguldak, Turkey -- Da?alp, M., Ziraat Bank Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Bilalo?lu, M., Erzurum Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Erzurum, Turkey -- Yalçin, M., GATA Haydarpaşa Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Şerifi, M., Izmit State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Gökçe, M., Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Trabzon, Turkey -- Kiliçkap, M., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Ankara, Turkey -- Polat, M., Ceyhan State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adana, Turkey -- Şan, M., Çukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey -- Tahtasiz, M., Eşrefpaşa Municipality Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Yilmaz, M., Kayseri State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Etemo?lu, M., Izmir Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Coşkun, N., Harput State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Elazi?, Turkey -- Aran, N.S., Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Ata, N., Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Sönmez, N., Bodrum State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mu?la, Turkey -- Çam, N., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Koylan, N., Istanbul University Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Özer, N., Iskenderun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Hatay, Turkey -- Keser, N., Maltepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Döven, O., Mersin University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Mersin, Turkey -- Tartano?lu, O., Karaman State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Karaman, Turkey -- Ergene, O., Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Elönü, O.H., Melikgazi Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Onbaşili, O.A., Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Aydin, Turkey -- Özbek, Ö., Marmara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Pinar, P., Manisa State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Akdemir, R., Düzce University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Kargin, R., Kartal Koşuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Topsakal, R., Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kayseri, Turkey -- Yoldaş, R., Konya Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Uçar, R., Giresun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Giresun, Turkey -- Ateşal, S., Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Erzurum, Turkey -- Toktaş, S., Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Fatma Timurçin Heart Center, Adana, Turkey -- Cinsoy, S., Sabuncuo?lu Şerafeddin State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Amasya, Turkey -- Güleç, S., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Aytekin, S., Kadir Has University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Çolak, S., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Sivas, Turkey -- Mecit, S., Çanakkale Şehitlik State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Çanakkale, Turkey -- Sakalli, S., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Sevimli, S., Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Erzurum, Turkey -- Topalo?lu, S., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Aydo?du, S., Ankara Numune Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Turan, S.C., Fatih Sultan Mehmet State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Kahraman, S., Ni?de State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ni?de, Turkey -- Yorganci, S., Atatürk State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Coşkun, Ş., Bursa State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Ünal, Ş., Nevşehir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Nevşehir, Turkey -- Durmaz, T., Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Ulusoy, T., Aksaray State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Aksaray, Turkey -- Keleş, T., Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Kirat, T., Mu?la State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mu?la, Turkey -- Gündo?du, T.T., Gebze Fatih Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Peker, T., Gemlik State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Sümerkan, U., Marmara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Aytekin, V., Kadir Has University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Koca, V., Bursa Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Çam, V., Fethiye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mu?la, Turkey -- Gökçe, V., Konya Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Gürlertop, Y., Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Erzurum, Turkey -- Balbay, Y., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Çavuşo?lu, Y., Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Erzurum, Y., Eskişehir Yunus Emre State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Selçoki, Y., Fatih University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Yakar, Y., Tokat State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Tokat, Turkey -- Işilak, Z., GATA Haydarpaşa Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Tosun, Z., Antalya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Kaplan, Z., Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Tartan, Z., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey, Maltepe Üniversitesi, and Çukurova Üniversitesi

Subjects
Male, heart atrium fibrillation, Turkey, Cross-sectional study, urinalysis, anticoagulant agent, Coronary artery disease, Turkey (republic), hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, sedentary lifestyle, Risk Factors, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, middle aged, dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor, Albuminuria/complications/epidemiology, Cardiovascular diseases, Hypertension/complications, Prevalence, Risk factors, Turkey/epidemiology, Medicine, Family history, family history, education.field_of_study, C reactive protein, adult, creatinine, article, beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent, clinical trial, antithrombocytic agent, Middle Aged, urine, comorbidity, ComputingMilieux_MANAGEMENTOFCOMPUTINGANDINFORMATIONSYSTEMS, female, congestive heart failure, risk factor, laboratory test, diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, antihypertensive agent, Female, triacylglycerol, InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, cardiovascular risk, Adult, disease control, medicine.medical_specialty, microalbuminuria, heart infarction, Population, Urinalysis, albuminuria, smoking, Young Adult, blood, Internal medicine, cross-sectional study, Albuminuria, Humans, human, Risk factor, Intensive care medicine, education, Triglycerides, concentration (parameters), business.industry, screening, dyslipidemia, Cholesterol, HDL, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, cholesterol, Cholesterol, LDL, medicine.disease, major clinical study, Comorbidity, brain ischemia, predictor variable, multicenter study, Cross-Sectional Studies, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, transient ischemic attack, observational study, Microalbuminuria, disease duration, business, Dyslipidemia, peripheral occlusive artery disease
Abstract

PubMed ID: 22257801, Objectives: A growing body of data illustrates the importance of microalbuminuria (MAU) as a strong predictor of cardiovascular risk in the hypertensive population. The present study was designed to define the prevalence of MAU and associated cardiovascular risk factors among Turkish hypertensive outpatients. Study design: Representing the Turkish arm of the multinational i-SEARCH study involving 1,750 sites in 26 countries around the world, a total of 1,926 hypertensive patients from different centers were included in this observational and cross-sectional survey study. Patients with reasons for a false-positive MAU test were excluded. The prevalence of MAU was assessed using a dipstick test, and patients were inquired about comorbidities, comedication, and known cardiovascular risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence of MAU was 64.7% and there was no difference between genders. Most of the patients (82.5%) had uncontrolled hypertension, 35.6% had dyslipidemia, and 35.5% had diabetes, predominantly type 2. Almost one-third of the patients (26.4%) had at least one cardiovascular-related comorbidity, with 20.3% having documented coronary artery disease (CAD). Almost all patients (96.8%) had one or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease in addition to hypertension, including family history of myocardial infarction or CAD, diabetes, dyslipidemia, lack of physical exercise, and smoking. A trend towards higher MAU values in the presence of CAD was determined. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria tests should be routinely used as a screening and monitoring tool for the assessment of subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among hypertensive patients. © 2011 Turkish Society of Cardiology.

Published
2011

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