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Cortinarius furiosus Carteret & Reumaux, in Bidaud et al. (2015: 1981), emend Mycobank MB#815178 Original diagnosis: Pileus 40–65 mm latus, in disco carnosus, conicus vel obtuse umbonatus; margo inflexa, cito recta, lacerata, pseudo-squamosa, sinuata-undulata; indumentum hygrophanum, e brunneo-fulvum griseo-olivaceum, flammulis fuscis radiatum. Stipes 70–80 × 5–10 mm in summo, rectus vel ad basim curvatus cum bulbum vel fusoideum, vel ovoideum (× 15 mm) latum, margaritifer, furtive griseo-violaceo tinctus, aetate griseo-brunneus. Caro inodora, in pileo griseo-brunnea, in stipitis apice evanido violaceo tincta, pallescens, basim versus subfusca. Ope gaiaco cyanea (++). Lamellae ventricosae, satis distantes, emarginatae vel uncinatae, brunneo-fulvae; acies alba, plus minusve crenulata. Sporae ellipsoideae, satis verrucosae, (7) 7,5–10 (10,5) × (4) 4,5–5,5 (6) µm. Illustrations: Bidaud et al. (2015), pl. 990; this study, Fig. 2. Emended description: Basidiomata medium sized. Pileus 40–95 mm in diameter, fleshy in centre, obtusely convex, with broad flat umbo and margin soon straight, lacerate, pseudosquamous, grey-brown with olive hues (R 70–71 or more or less Séguy 336), margin sometimes becoming brown or blackish; surface hygrophanous, dehydrating in a K. mutabilis fashion, tan or tawny brown at centre (Cailleux R 53–S 53, more tawny than Ség. 131), with paler edge (Caill. P 55) and bistre radial streaks, coated with small micaceous fibrills upon drying. Lamellae reaching 16 mm wide, thick, fairly widely spaced, veined, emarginate or distinctly uncinate, tawny brown when mature; edges more or less serrulate and paler than faces. Stipe cylindrical, clavate-bulbose to strongly bulbose, sometimes with an onion like bulb, 70–80 mm long × 5–18 mm diameter at the apex and reaching 37 mm in the basal bulb, slightly marginate; surface shiny white, silky fibrillose, greyish turning grey-brown upon bruising or removal of the fibrillum, then subconcoloured with the pileus surface, more brownish towards stipe base, with very subtle bluish hues at the apex in rare cases, veil mostly inconspicuous but sometimes forming faint girdles. Context pale grey-brown in the pileus, darker bistre-brown towards stipe base and faintly bluish (ephemeral hue) at the stipe apex in rare cases, darkening to KOH; taste and smell indistinct. Basidiospores [8, 8, 275], 6.3–8.7 × 4.1–5.3 µm, M = 7.5 × 4.7 µm, intercarpic variation of M: 6.7–8.3 × 4.4–5.1 µm, Q = 1.41–1.77, Q m = 1.59, intercarpic variation of Q m: 1.52–1.65, subamygdaloid, densely and coarsely verrucose. Reaction with Melzer’s reagent more or less “strongly dextrinoid” in most collections (Table 1 and Fig. 4). Habitat & Distribution: August to mid-November. Deciduous trees on calcareous soil, from the Mediterranean to southern Sweden, extending eastward to Austria. Studied material: FRANCE. Île-de-France:under deciduous trees, 19 Nov.2012, D.Brion, XC 2014-64c (holotype, PC!), ITS GenBank KX964562; Ardèche: Lagorce, Rocles, 200 m asl, under Quercus ilex on calcareous soil, 15 Nov. 2018, A. Bidaud, AB 18-11-169, ITS GenBank ON818518. GERMANY. Main-Spessart: Karlstadt-Heugrumbach, under Quercus spp., Carpinus betulus and Fagus sylvatica with single Pinus sylvestris and Larix decidua, 6 Oct. 2004, G. Saar, GS 06.10.2004, ITS GenBank ON818520; Baden-W̧rttemberg: Badenweiler, under Quercus spp. and C. betulus, 1 Sept. 2006, G. Saar, GS 01.09.2006, ITS GenBank ON818519; Sachsen-Anhalt: Dingelstedt, Huy, under Quercus spp., C. betulus and Corylus avellana in a mixed tree forest on calcareous soil, 2 Oct. 2010, G. SchmidtStohn & T. E. Brandrud, SSt10-230, ITS GenBank ON818526; Sachsen-Anhalt: Kleinleinungen, Eichberg, under Q. petraea, C. betulus and Tilia cordata on calcareous soil, 15 Sept. 2010, J. Kleine, JK Cort10091516, ITS GenBank ON818525; Sachsen-Anhalt: M ̧ncheroda, under C. betulus, C. avellana and Quercus spp. on calcareous soil, 24 Sept. 2016, M. Huth, HM 2017-007, ITS GenBank ON818521; Sachsen-Anhalt: Freyburg, NSG Tote Täler, under Quercus spp. on calcareous soil, 17 Oct. 2016, M. Huth, HM 2017-010, ITS GenBank ON818522; Sachsen-Anhalt: Freyburg, NSG Tote Täler, under Q. ssp. and C. betulus on calcareous soil, 21 Sept. 2014, M. Huth, HM 2017-032, ITS GenBank ON818523. ITALY. Abruzzo: Bosco S. Antonio, under F. sylvatica, 1 Oct. 2014, F. Bellù, SSt14-147, ITS GenBank ON818527; Marche: Urbino, La Cesane, under Q. pubescens and Ostrya carpinifolia, 29 Oct. 2015, G. Saar, TEB 744-15 / SSt15-122, ITS GenBank ON818528. SPAIN. Catalonia: Barcelona, Berguedà, Cercs, N42°08’50” E1°51’24”, 675 m asl, under Q. ilex on calcareous soil, 7 Oct. 2016, J. Ballarà, JB-8917-16, ITS GenBank ON818524. SWEDEN. Öland: Nat.-res. R ̂nnerum-Abbantorp, under C. betulus and Quercus spp. on calcareous soil, 13 Aug. 2017, G. Schmidt-Stohn, SSt17-017, ITS GenBank ON818529., Published as part of Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Schmidt-Stohn, Geert, Bidaud, André, Ballarà, Josep, Carteret, Xavier & Dima, Bálint, 2022, Cortinarius insanus (Cortinariaceae, Basidiomycota), a new bovinoid Telamonia outside sect. Bovini, pp. 89-100 in Phytotaxa 576 (1) on pages 92-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7441238, {"references":["Bidaud, A., Bellanger, J. - M., Carteret, X., Reumaux, P. & Moenne-Loccoz, P. (2015) Atlas des Cortinaires. Pars XXIII. Ed. Federation mycologique Dauphine-Savoie, Marlioz, France, 96 pp."]}

Cortinarius furiosus Carteret & Reumaux, in Bidaud et al. (2015: 1981), emend Mycobank MB#815178 Original diagnosis: Pileus 40–65 mm latus, in disco carnosus, conicus vel obtuse umbonatus; margo inflexa, cito recta, lacerata, pseudo-squamosa, sinuata-undulata; indumentum hygrophanum, e brunneo-fulvum griseo-olivaceum, flammulis fuscis radiatum. Stipes 70–80 × 5–10 mm in summo, rectus vel ad basim curvatus cum bulbum vel fusoideum, vel ovoideum (× 15 mm) latum, margaritifer, furtive griseo-violaceo tinctus, aetate griseo-brunneus. Caro inodora, in pileo griseo-brunnea, in stipitis apice evanido violaceo tincta, pallescens, basim versus subfusca. Ope gaiaco cyanea (++). Lamellae ventricosae, satis distantes, emarginatae vel uncinatae, brunneo-fulvae; acies alba, plus minusve crenulata. Sporae ellipsoideae, satis verrucosae, (7) 7,5–10 (10,5) × (4) 4,5–5,5 (6) µm. Illustrations: Bidaud et al. (2015), pl. 990; this study, Fig. 2. Emended description: Basidiomata medium sized. Pileus 40–95 mm in diameter, fleshy in centre, obtusely convex, with broad flat umbo and margin soon straight, lacerate, pseudosquamous, grey-brown with olive hues (R 70–71 or more or less Séguy 336), margin sometimes becoming brown or blackish; surface hygrophanous, dehydrating in a K. mutabilis fashion, tan or tawny brown at centre (Cailleux R 53–S 53, more tawny than Ség. 131), with paler edge (Caill. P 55) and bistre radial streaks, coated with small micaceous fibrills upon drying. Lamellae reaching 16 mm wide, thick, fairly widely spaced, veined, emarginate or distinctly uncinate, tawny brown when mature; edges more or less serrulate and paler than faces. Stipe cylindrical, clavate-bulbose to strongly bulbose, sometimes with an onion like bulb, 70–80 mm long × 5–18 mm diameter at the apex and reaching 37 mm in the basal bulb, slightly marginate; surface shiny white, silky fibrillose, greyish turning grey-brown upon bruising or removal of the fibrillum, then subconcoloured with the pileus surface, more brownish towards stipe base, with very subtle bluish hues at the apex in rare cases, veil mostly inconspicuous but sometimes forming faint girdles. Context pale grey-brown in the pileus, darker bistre-brown towards stipe base and faintly bluish (ephemeral hue) at the stipe apex in rare cases, darkening to KOH; taste and smell indistinct. Basidiospores [8, 8, 275], 6.3–8.7 × 4.1–5.3 µm, M = 7.5 × 4.7 µm, intercarpic variation of M: 6.7–8.3 × 4.4–5.1 µm, Q = 1.41–1.77, Q m = 1.59, intercarpic variation of Q m: 1.52–1.65, subamygdaloid, densely and coarsely verrucose. Reaction with Melzer’s reagent more or less “strongly dextrinoid” in most collections (Table 1 and Fig. 4). Habitat & Distribution: August to mid-November. Deciduous trees on calcareous soil, from the Mediterranean to southern Sweden, extending eastward to Austria. Studied material: FRANCE. Île-de-France:under deciduous trees, 19 Nov.2012, D.Brion, XC 2014-64c (holotype, PC!), ITS GenBank KX964562; Ardèche: Lagorce, Rocles, 200 m asl, under Quercus ilex on calcareous soil, 15 Nov. 2018, A. Bidaud, AB 18-11-169, ITS GenBank ON818518. GERMANY. Main-Spessart: Karlstadt-Heugrumbach, under Quercus spp., Carpinus betulus and Fagus sylvatica with single Pinus sylvestris and Larix decidua, 6 Oct. 2004, G. Saar, GS 06.10.2004, ITS GenBank ON818520; Baden-W̧rttemberg: Badenweiler, under Quercus spp. and C. betulus, 1 Sept. 2006, G. Saar, GS 01.09.2006, ITS GenBank ON818519; Sachsen-Anhalt: Dingelstedt, Huy, under Quercus spp., C. betulus and Corylus avellana in a mixed tree forest on calcareous soil, 2 Oct. 2010, G. SchmidtStohn & T. E. Brandrud, SSt10-230, ITS GenBank ON818526; Sachsen-Anhalt: Kleinleinungen, Eichberg, under Q. petraea, C. betulus and Tilia cordata on calcareous soil, 15 Sept. 2010, J. Kleine, JK Cort10091516, ITS GenBank ON818525; Sachsen-Anhalt: M ̧ncheroda, under C. betulus, C. avellana and Quercus spp. on calcareous soil, 24 Sept. 2016, M. Huth, HM 2017-007, ITS GenBank ON818521; Sachsen-Anhalt: Freyburg, NSG Tote Täler, under Quercus spp. on calcareous soil, 17 Oct. 2016, M. Huth, HM 2017-010, ITS GenBank ON818522; Sachsen-Anhalt: Freyburg, NSG Tote Täler, under Q. ssp. and C. betulus on calcareous soil, 21 Sept. 2014, M. Huth, HM 2017-032, ITS GenBank ON818523. ITALY. Abruzzo: Bosco S. Antonio, under F. sylvatica, 1 Oct. 2014, F. Bellù, SSt14-147, ITS GenBank ON818527; Marche: Urbino, La Cesane, under Q. pubescens and Ostrya carpinifolia, 29 Oct. 2015, G. Saar, TEB 744-15 / SSt15-122, ITS GenBank ON818528. SPAIN. Catalonia: Barcelona, Berguedà, Cercs, N42°08’50” E1°51’24”, 675 m asl, under Q. ilex on calcareous soil, 7 Oct. 2016, J. Ballarà, JB-8917-16, ITS GenBank ON818524. SWEDEN. Öland: Nat.-res. R ̂nnerum-Abbantorp, under C. betulus and Quercus spp. on calcareous soil, 13 Aug. 2017, G. Schmidt-Stohn, SSt17-017, ITS GenBank ON818529.

Cortinarius insanus Ballarà, Bidaud, Carteret & Huth sp. nov. Mycobank MB#846488 Etymology: insanus = mad, crazy (Latin), refers to the sister species C. furiosus, the epithet of which bears the same meaning. Diagnosis: Medium-sized bovinoid basidiomata, strongly hygrophanous and dehydrating in a Kuehneromyces mutabilis fashion with conspicuous radial strips or spots. Spores ellipsoid to broadly amygdaloid, 6.1– 7.1 –8.1 × 4– 4.4 –4.8 µm in size, moderately verrucose. Deciduous thermophilous woodlands of Europe, on calcareous soils. Differs from the sister species C. furiosus by slightly smaller spores less prominently ornamented and an average shorter and later fruiting period. Type: SPAIN. Catalonia: Girona, Garrotxa, Vall d’en Bas, Joanetes, N42°07’19” E2°25’02”, 610 m asl, under Q. ilex on calcareous soil, 31 Oct. 2015, J. Ballarà, VAL _Myco1667 ! (isotype JB-8770-15, JB personal herbarium), ITS GenBank ON818537. Description (Fig. 3): Basidiomata medium sized. Pileus 30–60(–75) mm in diameter, convex with rounded and low umbo; margin first incurved, later extended and slightly serrulate, with persisting whitish veil remnants; surface hygrophanous, smooth or covered with silvery micaceous radial innate fibrills, brown, beige-brown, violet brown (Séguy 713, 702, 693), chestnut-brown (Cailleux R47), dark red-brown (Caill. T50), umbo distinctly darker, soon dehydrating in a K. mutabilis fashion with conspicuous radial strips or spots, pale beige brown, pale reddish brown (Ség. 715, 705, 704, 700), pinkish-grey (Caill. M71) to blackish in mature pilei due to necropigments (Ség. 681, 676). Lamellae moderately crowed, wide, emarginate or uncinate, brownish to rusty-ocre (Caill. R55, N55, N47), brown, dark brown (Ség. 693, 692); edges slightly paler, mustard brown with age. Stipe cylindrical to clavate-bulbose, sometimes rooting with white mycelial strands, (30–)40–60(–85) mm long x 7–10(–14) mm diameter at the apex, reaching 12–20(–30) mm diameter in the basal bulb; surface white then pale beige to sepia on the bulb, with universal veil copious towards the base, partial veil fugacious, not forming any ring zone. Context generally fibrous, marbled, pale ochraceous, brownish in the stipe cortex, darkening to KOH; taste and smell mild, sometimes of raddish or parsley, sometimes slightly earthy. Basidiospores [6, 6, 201], 6.1–8.1 × 4.0–4.8 µm, M = 7.1 × 4.4 µm, intercarpic variation of M: 6.6–7.6 × 4.3–4.5 µm, Q = 1.42–1.78, Q m = 1.60, intercarpic variation of Q m: 1.53–1.68, subamygdaloid, densely verrucose, with warts of moderate size, mostly not distinctly visible in the outline of the spores. Reaction with Melzer’s reagent more or less “strongly dextrinoid” in most collections (Table 1 and Fig. 5). Basidia 25–37 × 8–11 µm, 4-spored, present on lamellar edge. Sterile elements present on lamellar edges, claviform, 20–34 × 7–9 µm. Pileipellis a cutis formed by a layer of clamped, more or less cylindrical hyphae, 4–8 µm wide, with scattered pale ochraceous incrusting wall pigments. Subcutis composed of short and irregularly-arranged, septate hyphae, 30–75 × 20–32 µm. Veil hyphae (remnants at pileus margin) 2–3 µm diam. Habitat & distribution: Autumn, in thermophilous Quercus woodlands on calcareous soil, in association with Q. ilex in the Mediterranean, but also found at thermophilous sites in Germany. Other studied material: FRANCE. Ardèche: Lagorce, Rocles, 200 m asl, under Q. ilex on calcareous soil, 5 Dec. 2018, G. Raffini & A. Bidaud, AB 18-12-219, ITS GenBank ON818531; Hérault: Bédarieux, Levas, under Q. ilex on calcareous soil, 23 Oct 2013, T.E. Brandrud, TEB 948-13, ITS GenBank ON818540; Isère: Leyrieu, under mixed deciduous trees on calcareous soil, 7 Oct. 2007, X. Carteret, XC 2007-75, ITS GenBank ON818541; Saône-et-Loire: Montceaux-Ragny, Bois des Brousaillons, 340 m asl, under Q. pubescens and Buxus sempervirens on calcareous soil, A. Bidaud & C. Gérard, 17 Nov. 2011, AB 11-11-343, ITS GenBank ON818530. GERMANY. Sachsen-Anhalt: Freyburg, NSG Tote Täler, under C. betulus and Quercus spp. on calcareous soil, 17 Oct. 2013, M. Huth, HM 17.10.2013, ITS GenBank ON818532; Sachsen-Anhalt: Freyburg, NSG Tote Täler, under C. betulus on calcareous soil, 17 Oct. 2016, M. Huth, HM2017-009 & HM2017-011, ITS GenBank ON818533 and ON818534, respectively. SPAIN. Mallorca: Escorca, Monastero de Lluc, 39°49´17.1´´ N / 2°53´31.8´´E, ca. 500 m asl, under Q. ilex and Pinus spp., 11 Nov. 2018, F. Hampe & J. Kleine, JK Cort18111108, ITS GenBank ON818539; Catalonia: Girona, Garrotxa, Planes d’Hòstoles, Cogolls, N42°04’58» E2°32’18», 480 m asl, under Q. ilex on +/- calcareous soil, 24 Oct. 2015, J. Ballarà, JB-8727-15/ VAL_Myco1666 !, ITS GenBank ON818536; Catalonia: Barcelona, Berguedà, Montmajor, Comarmada, N42°02’33” E1°44’09”, 885 m asl, under Q. ilex on calcareous soil, 19 Oct. 2014, J. Ballarà, JB-8487-14, ITS GenBank ON818535; Catalonia: Barcelona, Berguedà, Montmajor, Mare de Deu del Bosc, N42°02’33» E1°44’10», 880 m asl, under Q. ilex and Q. humilis on calcareous soil, 4 Nov. 2018, J. Ballarà, JB-9912-18, ITS GenBank ON818538., Published as part of Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Schmidt-Stohn, Geert, Bidaud, André, Ballarà, Josep, Carteret, Xavier & Dima, Bálint, 2022, Cortinarius insanus (Cortinariaceae, Basidiomycota), a new bovinoid Telamonia outside sect. Bovini, pp. 89-100 in Phytotaxa 576 (1) on pages 95-97, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7441238