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Copyright of Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Economic & Social Science is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this research was to study the productivity and economic indicators of sugar cane production in Egypt and the Minia Governorate. It also aimed to estimate the statistical functions of physical production in order to assess the economic efficiency of the main resources used in sugar cane production within the study sample. Additionally, statistical estimation of cost functions was conducted to obtain indicators of the economic efficiency of sugar cane production. The research yielded several results, among the most important of which were: through estimating the production function of sugar cane in the DeirMawas center, it was found that production factors account for approximately 72% of the variations in sugar cane production quantity in the study sample. The significance of the seedlings variable (Q2) and the nitrogen fertilizer variable (Q4) were established, as their coefficients were statistically significant with the dependent variable, while the significance of the other variables was not established. The production elasticity of the seedlings element (Q2) was approximately 0.507, which means that a 10% increase in the use of this production factor leads to a 5.07% increase in sugar cane production. The total elasticity of the function was approximately 1.45, indicating that these factors operate within the range of increasing returns to scale. The results also indicated that the most significant problems and obstacles faced by sugar cane producers in the Minia Governorate during the 2021/2022 agricultural season were primarily related to the high prices of fertilizers.

Production function techniques often impose functional form and other restrictions that limit their applicability. One common limitation in popular production function techniques is the requirement that all inputs and outputs must be positive numbers. There is a need to develop a production function analysis technique that is less restrictive in the assumptions it makes, and inputs it can process. This paper proposes such a general technique by linking fields of neural networks and econometrics. Specifically, two radial basis function (RBF) neural networks are proposed for stochastic production and cost frontier analyses. The functional forms of production and cost functions are considered unknown except that they are multivariate. Using simulated and real-world datasets, experiments are performed, and results are provided. The results illustrate that the proposed technique has broad applicability and performs equal to or better than the traditional stochastic frontier analysis technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mango is considered one of the most important fruit crops in Egypt due to its widespread cultivation compared to other fruit crops and in addition to its importance as an important fruit crop it comes in third place after both citrus, oranges, grapes in terms of its contribution to the monetary value of the total Egyptian agricultural exports, and can be crystallized the problem of studying in the possibility of answering questions about what is the concept of the optimal economic size of the farm? What are the factors affecting farm sizes? What are the different measures of farm sizes? What is the optimal economic size of mango farms in new and old lands? To what extent is there a moral impact on the productive efficiency of the farm in question? The research aims generally to measure the optimal size of mango farms in new and old lands and estimate the production functions to identify the value of the marginal output of the various factors of production and estimated the total productivity flexibility of the function by about 1.07 this indicates that the increase of these production elements by the estimated function of 10% leads to an increase in the total output of the acre of mango by about 10.7 % which means an increase in the yield of capacity. The marginal output and average output per productive component were derived from the total output function of the study sample as table (1) showed that the (M.P) for both human labor and nitrogen fertilizer was estimated at about 0.018, 0.029 tons for those productive elements on The order as estimated the value of the marginal product of these productive elements about 210.42, 339.01 pounds respectively.

The production function is a physical relationship between the quantity produced of the commodity and the inputs used in production during a certain period of time. As it is distributed between acres for small farms and more than 7 acres for farms, so the research aims, through its estimation of production functions, to identify the most important production elements specific to the production of potatoes, as well as to estimate the production flexibility for these elements and calculate the total flexibility, and where the results of the study showed that from the total output function (Q) to the total The study sample that the most important productive elements with a moral effect on the total yield per acre of the potato crop are represented in the quantity of seeds, human labor, automated work, phosphate fertilizer, and by estimating the different partial production elasticities for these inputs, it was found that the productive flexibility of the quantity of seeds, human work, mechanical work and phosphate fertilizer They amounted to about 0.46, 0.05, 0.06, 0.39, respectively, which indicates that the increase in the amount used of the following elements The male bug by 10% leads to an increase in the feddan production of potatoes by 4.6%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 3.9%, respectively, and these results were statistically significant at the level of significance (0.01), and the total productivity elasticity (EP) of the function was estimated at 0.96 Which means that the increase of these productive elements by the estimated function by 10% leads to an increase in the total output of an acre of potatoes by about 9.6%, and this shows that the production of potatoes in the study sample takes place in the second stage of production (the economic stage), as the percentage of increase in the amount of total output per acre is less From the percentage of the increase in the amount of production elements used, which means a decrease in the return on capacity because the elasticity of production is less than the correct one, potatoes4 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marketing process is one of the main pillars on which any economic structure is built, as it is an integral part of the production process, and one of the most important challenges that Facing the agricultural product, contract farming, especially between small farmers and marketing companies, may be one of the most prominent solutions to avoid production problems. Also, agreeing on the prices of selling the crop in advance through contracting leads to reassuring the farmer to ensure his rights. Therefore, the research problem included the study of contract farming as a marketing system that ensures that farmers get remunerative prices to market their agricultural crops, and protects farmers from price fluctuations, with farmers not falling under the burden of merchants and moneylenders. Problems related to agricultural marketing still occupy the forefront among the problems that hinder the numerous and continuous attempts to increase returns. The research aims to study the economic indicators for the production of an acre of potato crop for the contract farming system compared to the non-contractual cultivation of Nobaria, The research was limited to contract farming related to manufacturing, and the Damont variety was chosen to conduct this study, and the research dealt with the relative importance of the variable costs items for the production of one Fedan of the summer potato crop, and it was found that the costs of both mechanical work and human labor are lower in the first group (contractors) than in the first group (contractors). The second group (non-contractors) increased by 258.4 and 323.6 pounds, respectively, Total production input costs ranked first with a rate of 69.31%, 65.56% of the average total variable costs in each of the first and second groups, respectively. By testing the significance of the difference using the (T) test, a significant difference was found at the level of 0.01, It also dealt with the economic efficiency of producing one acre of the summer potato crop (Diamont variety), and it was found that the average fixed costs decreased, and the average total costs in the first group, which amounted to 4.88 Thousand pound, 22.45 Thousand pound, respectively, compared to the same in the second group, which amounted to 5 Thousand pound, 22.35 Thousand pound Respectively, Increasing the average of variable costs, acre productivity, total revenue, net return, total marginal surplus, the ratio of total return to total costs, the return on the invested pound, and the profit margin ratio in the first group than in the second group, and by testing the significance of the difference between the average of the two groups using the (T) test for the difference between the two averages, it was found that there is a significant difference between them at the level of 0.01, which is due to the high price of the crop delivery to the factory in the first group, where the crop conforms to the required specifications and standards. The potato crop production functions were estimated according to the productive groups in the double logarithmic form of the farmers of the field research sample in the Nubaria region. The value of the total productive elasticity of the elements included in the logarithmic function in the first and second group was about 0.612, 1.726, respectively, which reflects the decreasing return to capacity. Where the value of the total elasticity of the elements included in the quadratic function was about 0.99, 1.29 in the first and second groups, respectively, Finally, the most important problems that impede contract farming were addressed from the point of view of potato growers, as the data indicate that the problem of some contracting parties’ non-compliance with the terms agreed upon in the contracts came in the first place, and it is one of the most important problems. By about 25.2% of the total number of repetitions of about 238. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal and aromatic plants are considered to be non-traditional, multi-use crops, both in their direct form and in their indirect form, through the extraction and use of active substances in the pharmaceutical industry, the food industry, perfumery, cosmetics and soap, either in the form of pills, plants or medicinal and aromatic herbs. The cultivated area of medicinal and aromatic plants in Egypt amounted to about 46.2 thousand feddans with a percentage of 0.27% of the crop area of about 15.525 million feddans in the agricultural season (2011-2018). The cultivated area of the study crops was about 20.21 thousand feddans, The company has about 48.15% of the area of medicinal and aromatic plants during the period (2011-2018), and Egypt is located in the markets of medicinal and aromatic plants worldwide, with a trade volume of more than 60 billion dollars annually, which is a major exporter of 158.94 million dollars Which is equivalent to about 1127.038 million pounds in 2014 representing about 3.07%, 0.594% of the camel The value of Egyptian agricultural exports and total exports of 36.711, 189.741 billion pounds respectively in 2014, the problem of the study is that the cultivated areas of medicinal and aromatic plants are limited and fluctuating and low in some cases, where in recent years the areas of latency and rumen decreased from about 5,545,99759 years 2010, 2017, 2016 to about 5.152, 98759 acres in 2018, and although it is profitable crops for the farmer and the new land can be a good solution to compensate for the cost of reclamation, and this reflects on the domestic production of the failure to meet the needs of export and meet the needs of the company V Local of medicinal and aromatic plants. In spite of the urgent need to increase exports, the deficit in the Egyptian trade balance is about 329.085 billion pounds in 2017. The study examined the productive and economic indicators of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants in Egypt. The cultivated areas of the study crops declined. The latency decreased by 5.1% With an average area of about 3,616 feddan and an average area of about 3651 feddan, while the average area of the basil was about 10.685 thousand feddans, while the average value of cash amounted to about 29,072, 41.561 million pounds for the quail and basil respectively, The value of their exports continues to rise by 10.6%, 15.42% from the average of 3866.8 and 2553 thousand dollars respectively for the period of study, as well as the increase in quantities exported from cumin and monetary value by 11.79% from the average of 1047 tons and 16.45% The statistical estimate of the production of the most important medicinal and aromatic plant crops in the sample of the study, Cumin and Rihan, was examined to determine the economic efficiency and productivity of the agricultural resources available and used for each and their importance in Egyptian agriculture, Illustrates the high economic efficiency of the majority of the elements of production of crops, cumin, basil sample study of farmers Samalout and Beni Mazar of basil in Beni Suef governorate, low economic efficiency of the element of seeds in crop cumin, manure and municipal phosphate crop basil which requires rationalization of the use by farmers of cumin sample study. The study also included the statistical estimation of the production cost functions of the most medicinal and aromatic plants in the sample of the study. Finally, the study dealt with the quantity, value and price of Egyptian exports of basil and cumin.

Copyright of Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Arab Universities Union of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research was aimed to study the most important economic variables affecting of the production capacity of poultry meat in Al-Ahsa governorate by estimating the parameters of the production functions, the quantitative and value costs of the broiler farms,. The economic analysis method used a sample of 33 meat projects in the eastern region, representing 35.9% of the total number of projects in the Eastern Region and 92 projects till 2017. was divided into three categories, the first capacity (less than 150 thousand chickens), consisting of 16 projects representing 48.5% of the total sample farms and the second capacity (150 thousand to 300 thousand chickens), consisting of 10 projects representing 30.3% And the third (more than 300 thousand chickens) and consists of 7 projects representing 21.2% of the total sample farms, the results showed that the amount of feed and the number of chicks in the study sample ranked first and second in the total cost items of the first, second and third production capacity, representing about 63.6%, 64.8% and 63.1% (18.4% and 18.7%) with an average of about 63.9% and 18.4% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La literatura económica establece que el objetivo principal de toda empresa es la maximización de beneficios, suponiendo sustitución continua y unitaria de factores productivos. No obstante, las condiciones preponderantes de operación y desempeño de la micro y pequeña empresa obligan a revisar la validez de este supuesto y los objetivos en este sector. Con base en un estudio empírico para México, utilizando una función de producción translogarítmica y datos de sección cruzada para el año 2014, se encuentra que las relaciones entre los factores de la producción resultan no unitarias, y algunas de ellas se muestran incluso complementarias. Ello motiva a reflexionar acerca de que, más allá de la maximización de beneficios, la micro y pequeña empresa podría estar incluyendo otros objetivos, como el de optimizar la capacidad instalada. || A large body of economic literature has established that the primary purpose of business is profit maximization assuming unitary and constant elasticity of substitution of production factors. However, the prevailing operating conditions of micro and small enterprises raise concerns about the validity of this assumption and the objectives in this sector. Through an empirical study for Mexico and using the translog production function based on cross-sectional data by 2014, we find that the substitution elasticities between production factors are not unitary and even to some extent, they show complementarity. This forces us to consider that beyond seeking to maximize profits, micro and small enterprises might be including other objectives, such as to optimizing installed capacity.

This research is concerned with the estimation of farmer’s demand for chemical fertilizers. The data were collected from a sample of farmers in two villages in Bani Sewaf Governorate in the summer of 2015. Most farmers use two kinds of fertilizers; namely urea and superphosphates. Urea is provided to farmers in certain quotas at subsidized prices through the government controlled agricultural cooperatives. Farmers however find it necessary to rely on the free market to supplement the subsidized quotas of urea. The research begins by estimating the Cobb-Douglas production functions for two field crops which are wheat and maize. Then the production functions coefficients are used to calculate the underlying cost functions. From the cost functions we were able to drive the conditional demand functions for chemical fertilizers with the help of Shephard’s lemma. The estimates of all functions seem reasonable and consistent with economic theory. The elasticities of wheat production with respect to urea and superphosphates are 0.27 and 0.03 respectively. The wheat cost function is an increasing function in input prices and in output level. The conditional demand function for urea in wheat production is homogenous of degree zero in input prices; that is doubling the input prices will leave the demand for urea unchanged. Similar results for the maize crop were attained. The maize production elasticities with respect to urea and superphosphates are 0.16 and 0.06 respectively. The results are statistically significant. The isoquant equation indicates that decreasing urea application by 0.42 sack can be compensated by increasing superphosphates application by one sack in order to keep the level of maize production at 18 ardab per feddan. The conditional demand function for urea reveals that an increase in the price of urea by EGP 5 would reduce the demand for urea by 0.78 sacks.

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Medicinal and aromatic plants are considered to be non-traditional, multi-use crops, both in their direct form and in their indirect form, through the extraction and use of active substances in the pharmaceutical industry, the food industry, perfumery, cosmetics and soap, either in the form of pills, plants or medicinal and aromatic herbs. The cultivated area of medicinal and aromatic plants in Egypt amounted to about 46.2 thousand feddans with a percentage of 0.27% of the crop area of about 15.525 million feddans in the agricultural season (2011-2018). The cultivated area of the study crops was about 20.21 thousand feddans, The company has about 48.15% of the area of medicinal and aromatic plants during the period (2011-2018), and Egypt is located in the markets of medicinal and aromatic plants worldwide, with a trade volume of more than 60 billion dollars annually, which is a major exporter of 158.94 million dollars Which is equivalent to about 1127.038 million pounds in 2014 representing about 3.07%, 0.594% of the camel The value of Egyptian agricultural exports and total exports of 36.711, 189.741 billion pounds respectively in 2014, the problem of the study is that the cultivated areas of medicinal and aromatic plants are limited and fluctuating and low in some cases, where in recent years the areas of latency and rumen decreased from about 5,545,99759 years 2010, 2017, 2016 to about 5.152, 98759 acres in 2018, and although it is profitable crops for the farmer and the new land can be a good solution to compensate for the cost of reclamation, and this reflects on the domestic production of the failure to meet the needs of export and meet the needs of the company V Local of medicinal and aromatic plants. In spite of the urgent need to increase exports, the deficit in the Egyptian trade balance is about 329.085 billion pounds in 2017. The study examined the productive and economic indicators of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants in Egypt. The cultivated areas of the study crops declined. The latency decreased by 5.1% With an average area of about 3,616 feddan and an average area of about 3651 feddan, while the average area of the basil was about 10.685 thousand feddans, while the average value of cash amounted to about 29,072, 41.561 million pounds for the quail and basil respectively, The value of their exports continues to rise by 10.6%, 15.42% from the average of 3866.8 and 2553 thousand dollars respectively for the period of study, as well as the increase in quantities exported from cumin and monetary value by 11.79% from the average of 1047 tons and 16.45% The statistical estimate of the production of the most important medicinal and aromatic plant crops in the sample of the study, Cumin and Rihan, was examined to determine the economic efficiency and productivity of the agricultural resources available and used for each and their importance in Egyptian agriculture, Illustrates the high economic efficiency of the majority of the elements of production of crops, cumin, basil sample study of farmers Samalout and Beni Mazar of basil in Beni Suef governorate, low economic efficiency of the element of seeds in crop cumin, manure and municipal phosphate crop basil which requires rationalization of the use by farmers of cumin sample study. The study also included the statistical estimation of the production cost functions of the most medicinal and aromatic plants in the sample of the study. Finally, the study dealt with the quantity, value and price of Egyptian exports of basil and cumin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buffalo breeding are one of the important agricultural activities of economic yield farms and breeding Buffalo in traditional farms mainly for milk in the area of Badush (study area) where the buffalo products are of great interest to citizens and represent a special place in the economic structure The research aims to analyze the economics of production and costs of these farms in the sample of the study (58) farm for the productive season 2013, which accounted about 50% of the research community in Nineveh province through the estimation of production and costs of the application of principles of selection in using of elements of production and to show the impact of these elements and contribute to help farmers in using their resources with a degree of efficiency and making productive decisions based on the economic derivatives of these functions to determine the optimal production and most of the profits. Results of the estimation showed that the double logarithmic formula is the best formula for the representation of production function and that the function and all the explanatory variables are statistically significant except for green feed and veterinary services.The most significant effect of the employment variable was on the production process، with elasticity of 0.277 and positive indication، and the results of the cost function estimate the best formulas to represent the relationship. The total cost house and total milk production is the spring formula. The optimum production volume was 10.77 kg / day 1266 ) و ) dinars / kg, while the maximum production volume of the profits (15.99) kg / day per animal and the average cost (988) dinars / kg، and in the light of the previous results recommend the need to work at the maximum level of profit at the farm when the potential for expansion exist especially the physical and the administrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]