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Background and Study Aim: Data from the AWARE study (A Worldwide Antihistamine-Refractory chronic urticaria patient Evaluation) illustrate a substantial disease burden in German patients with H1-antihistamine (-H1-AH)-refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Detrimental effects on patients' quality of life, poor disease control and impairment in the ability to work and perform other daily activities are reported. Based on these findings, this study aims to quantify the epidemiological and socio-economic burden of H1-AH-refractory CSU in Germany., Methods: To determine the epidemiological burden of H1-AH-refractory CSU, the age- and gender-specific prevalence of CSU and the proportion of H1-AH-refractory patients in Germany anonymized data from the InGef research database have been used. In a second step, the socio-economic burden in terms of lost numbers of hours in paid and unpaid work was calculated by extrapolating the age- and gender-specific work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI) observed in AWARE to the H1-AH-refractory CSU population in Germany. Finally, productivity losses in paid and unpaid work were monetized using the human capital and the friction cost approach respectively. Moreover, socio-economic burden was calculated depending on symptom control of the patients (measured by urticaria control test [UCT])., Results: In Germany, over 203,000 patients (20 years or older) had H1-AH-refractory CSU in 2018. The avoided lost paid and unpaid work hours attributable to H1-AH-refractory CSU summed up to over 100 million. Overall, the socio-economic burden of H1-AH-refractory CSU in monetary terms was evaluated at € 2.2 billion and the majority of this was due to unpaid work loss. Patients with poor disease control, as indicated by UCT score < 12, were more likely to suffer from high impairment than patients with controlled disease, resulting in a higher socio-economic burden., Conclusions: The results of our analyses picture the substantial socio-economic burden of H1-AH-refractory CSU and therefore the tremendous impact it has on daily lives of individuals and society overall., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.)

Background: Chronic urticaria (CU) manifests itself with hives and sometimes angioedema. Physical and social discomfort worsens patient quality of life. CU has an important impact on patients' economy., Objective: To evaluate the relationship of quality of life (QoL) with economic burden and chronic urticaria control of in patients treated at our center., Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study. We included CU-diagnosed adult patients. The CU-Q2oL and UCT questionnaires in Spanish and the economic burden and comorbidities questionnaire developed by our center were applied. A sample size of 36 patients was calculated., Results: 36 patients were included, out of which 58.3% were females. Mean age was 39.9 ± 15.6 years. Regarding QoL, 66.7% of patients reported being "A little" affected, 25% "Somewhat" and 8.3% "A lot", and its relationship with monthly income yielded a p-value of 0.017. 38.9% of patients reported having a monthly income of less than $ 5000 pesos. When disease control was compared with the CU-Q2oL, a significant difference was obtained for questions concerning itching., Conclusion: There was association between the quality of life of patients with chronic urticaria and monthly income, the lower the income, the more will the quality of life be affected. Furthermore, greater CU control was observed to reduce the negative effects on quality of life caused by itching.

Objective: To estimate annual direct and indirect health care costs in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) managed with conventional therapies., Design: A cost analysis consisting of a survey-guided and retrospective medical record review of direct and indirect health care costs from a societal perspective in patients with CIU., Setting: The Johns Hopkins University allergy and dermatology ambulatory clinics., Participants: Fifty adults with active CIU were recruited in sequential order. Individuals who were taking corticosteroids or other immunosuppressants in the month before enrollment were excluded from the study., Main Outcome Measures: We estimated direct health care costs, which included laboratory, medication, outpatient visit, and emergency department and hospital visit costs. We also estimated indirect costs, which included earnings lost owing to travel to outpatient visits and absences from work owing to CIU-related illness., Results: Patients with CIU consumed a mean (SD) of $2047 ($1483) annually. Because CIU is primarily an outpatient disease, medication costs alone accounted for 62.5% ($1280) of the total annual cost. Indirect costs accounted for 15.7% ($322) of the total costs., Conclusions: High medication costs, followed by total indirect costs, result in the largest economic burden among patients with CIU. High medication costs may place low-income patients at risk for suboptimal treatment and increased burden due to poorly controlled disease. Our estimated total health care costs for CIU are comparable to those of other skin diseases such as vitiligo and bullous disease.