4 results on '"Hagedorn, Brittany"'
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2. The cost saving opportunity of introducing a card review into measles-containing vaccination campaigns.
- Author
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Hagedorn BL, Dabbagh A, and McCarthy KA
- Subjects
- Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Health Personnel statistics & numerical data, Humans, Immunization economics, Immunization methods, Immunization Programs, Male, Measles Vaccine therapeutic use, Rubella Vaccine economics, Rubella Vaccine therapeutic use, Vaccination methods, Cost-Benefit Analysis methods, Measles prevention & control, Measles Vaccine economics, Vaccination economics
- Abstract
Measles vaccination is a cost-effective way to prevent infection and reduce mortality and morbidity. However, in countries with fragile routine immunization infrastructure, coverage rates are still low and supplementary immunization campaigns (SIAs) are used to reach previously unvaccinated children. During campaigns, vaccine is generally administered to every child, regardless of their vaccination status and as a result, there is the possibility that a child that is already immune to measles (i.e. who has had 2+ vaccinations) would receive an unnecessary dose, resulting in excess cost. Selective vaccination has been proposed as one solution to this; children who were able to provide documentation of previous vaccination would not be vaccinated repeatedly. While this would result in reduced vaccine and supply cost, it would also require additional staff time and increased social mobilization investment, potentially outweighing the benefits. We utilize Monte Carlo simulation to assess under what conditions a selective vaccination policy would indeed result in net savings. We demonstrate that cost savings are possible in contexts with a high joint probability of an individual child having both 2+ previous measles doses and also an available record. We also find that the magnitude of net cost savings is highly dependent on whether a country is using measles-only or measles-rubella vaccine and on the required skill set of the individual who would review the previous vaccination records., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Optimization of frequency and targeting of measles supplemental immunization activities in Nigeria: A cost-effectiveness analysis.
- Author
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Zimmermann M, Frey K, Hagedorn B, Oteri AJ, Yahya A, Hamisu M, Mogekwu F, Shuaib F, McCarthy KA, and Chabot-Couture G
- Subjects
- Computer Simulation, Humans, Measles transmission, Nigeria, Vaccination economics, Vaccination statistics & numerical data, Cost-Benefit Analysis methods, Immunization Programs economics, Measles prevention & control, Measles Vaccine economics, Vaccination Coverage economics
- Abstract
Background: Measles causes significant childhood morbidity in Nigeria. Routine immunization (RI) coverage is around 40% country-wide, with very high levels of spatial heterogeneity (3-86%), with supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) at 2-year or 3-year intervals. We investigated cost savings and burden reduction that could be achieved by adjusting the inter-campaign interval by region., Methods: We modeled 81 scenarios; permuting SIA calendars of every one, two, or three years in each of four regions of Nigeria (North-west, North-central, North-east, and South). We used an agent-based disease transmission model to estimate the number of measles cases and ingredients-based cost models to estimate RI and SIA costs for each scenario over a 10 year period., Results: Decreasing SIAs to every three years in the North-central and South (regions of above national-average RI coverage) while increasing to every year in either the North-east or North-west (regions of below national-average RI coverage) would avert measles cases (0.4 or 1.4 million, respectively), and save vaccination costs (save $19.4 or $5.4 million, respectively), compared to a base-case of national SIAs every two years. Decreasing SIA frequency to every three years in the South while increasing to every year in the just the North-west, or in all Northern regions would prevent more cases (2.1 or 5.0 million, respectively), but would increase vaccination costs (add $3.5 million or $34.6 million, respectively), for $1.65 or $6.99 per case averted, respectively., Conclusions: Our modeling shows how increasing SIA frequency in Northern regions, where RI is low and birth rates are high, while decreasing frequency in the South of Nigeria would reduce the number of measles cases with relatively little or no increase in vaccination costs. A national vaccination strategy that incorporates regional SIA targeting in contexts with a high level of sub-national variation would lead to improved health outcomes and/or lower costs., (Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Modeling the economic impact of different vial-opening thresholds for measles-containing vaccines.
- Author
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Wedlock PT, Mitgang EA, Oron AP, Hagedorn BL, Leonard J, Brown ST, Bakal J, Siegmund SS, and Lee BY
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Humans, Measles Vaccine administration & dosage, Measles Vaccine immunology, Vaccination methods, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Immunization Programs economics, Measles epidemiology, Measles prevention & control, Measles Vaccine economics, Models, Theoretical, Vaccination economics
- Abstract
Introduction: The lack of specific policies on how many children must be present at a vaccinating location before a healthcare worker can open a measles-containing vaccine (MCV) - i.e. the vial-opening threshold - has led to inconsistent practices, which can have wide-ranging systems effects., Methods: Using HERMES-generated simulation models of the routine immunization supply chains of Benin, Mozambique and Niger, we evaluated the impact of different vial-opening thresholds (none, 30% of doses must be used, 60%) and MCV presentations (10-dose, 5-dose) on each supply chain. We linked these outputs to a clinical- and economic-outcomes model which translated the change in vaccine availability to associated infections, medical costs, and DALYs. We calculated the economic impact of each policy from the health system perspective., Results: The vial-opening threshold that maximizes vaccine availability while minimizing costs varies between individual countries. In Benin (median session size = 5), implementing a 30% vial-opening threshold and tailoring distribution of 10-dose and 5-dose MCVs to clinics based on session size is the most cost-effective policy, preventing 671 DALYs ($471/DALY averted) compared to baseline (no threshold, 10-dose MCVs). In Niger (median MCV session size = 9), setting a 60% vial-opening threshold and tailoring MCV presentations is the most cost-effective policy, preventing 2897 DALYs ($16.05/ DALY averted). In Mozambique (median session size = 3), setting a 30% vial-opening threshold using 10-dose MCVs is the only beneficial policy compared to baseline, preventing 3081 DALYs ($85.98/DALY averted). Across all three countries, however, a 30% vial-opening threshold using 10-dose MCVs everywhere is the only MCV threshold that consistently benefits each system compared to baseline., Conclusion: While the ideal vial-opening threshold policy for MCV varies by supply chain, implementing a 30% vial-opening threshold for 10-dose MCVs benefits each system by improving overall vaccine availability and reducing associated medical costs and DALYs compared to no threshold., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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