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The in vitro production of animal-derived foods via cellular agriculture is emerging as a key solution to global food security challenges. Here, the potential for fiber-based scaffolds, including silk and cotton, in the cultivation of muscle cells for tissue formation was pursued. Mechanical properties and cytocompatibility with the mouse myoblast cell line C2C12 and immortalized bovine muscle satellite cells (iBSCs) were assessed, as well as pre-digestion options for the materials due to their resilience within the human digestive track. The fibers supported cell adhesion, proliferation, and guided muscle cell orientation, facilitating myotube formation per differentiation. A progressive increase in biomass was also documented. Interestingly, iBSC proliferation was enhanced with coatings of recombinant proteins while C2C12 cells showed minimal response. Thus, both cotton and silk yarns were suitable as fiber-based scaffolds towards cell supportive goals, suggesting an alternative path toward structured protein-rich foods via this initial stage of textile engineering for food. Biomass prediction models were generated, enabling forecasts of cell growth and maturation across various scaffold conditions and cell types. This capability enhances the precision of the cultivation process towards an engineering approach, building on the inherent benefits of hierarchical muscle tissue structure, but here via textile engineering with these initial muscle-coated edible fibers. Further, the approach offers to reduce costs by optimizing cultivation time and media needs. These approaches are part of a foundation for future scalable and sustainable cultivated meat production. This research investigates the use of one-dimensional fiber-based scaffolds for cultivated meat production, contributing to advancements in cellular agriculture. It introduces a method to measure changes in biomass and scaffold degradation throughout the cultivation process. Additionally, our development of biomass prediction models improves the precision and predictability of cultivated meat production. This research not only aids in scaling up cultivated meats but also enhances the use of textile engineering techniques in tissue engineering, paving the way for producing complex, three-dimensional meat structures more sustainably. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase change materials (PCMs) have been incorporated into textiles to provide thermoregulation and temperature buffering effects on the human body. From this point of view, the aim of this study was to develop the phase change material (PCM) incorporated into the yarns for the production of textiles with a thermo‐regulating function. In the study, two types of capsules poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) (P(MMA‐co‐MAA)) walled and 1‐tetradecanol core, and gelatin‐gum Arabic walled and n‐octadecane core were synthesized and applied to cotton textile fibers using an alternative application method developed by the authors. PCM dispersion with 6% concentration was incorporated into cotton ring spun yarns at 62.5 and 80 mL/h feeding rates. Morphological and thermal properties of the capsules and spun yarns were investigated. Thermoregulation properties of fabricated yarns were detailed evaluated by segmenting thermal history (T‐history) curves into four phases and logarithmic and linear trendlines were applied to the temperature change data for unloaded and PCM incorporated yarns. Data including temperature range (°C), R2 (coefficient of determination or regression factor), rate coefficient (a) and duration of phase (s) were analyzed for both capsule types and feeding rate values. The results indicated that PCM capsules with ideal spherical morphology and enough energy storage capacity were successfully applied into the cotton fibers. All cotton yarns with PCM additives exhibited lower surface temperature values greater than 2°C which is considered sufficient for the thermoregulation effect although with some distinct variations in their temperature profiles and rate coefficients. Compared to untreated cotton ring spun yarn, the temperature difference for 1‐tetradecanol core@P(MMA‐co‐MAA) walled capsules was found to be around 4.29°C–4.56°C, whereas it was around 8.2°C–9°C for n‐octadecane core@gelatin‐gum Arabic walled capsules. With respect to all the results, obtained novel heat storage cotton yarn is a promising material for thermal energy storage and desirable thermal comfort applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton and polyester fiber blends are commonly used to improve the aesthetic features of finished items. The denim industry's growing need for polyester fiber aids in analyzing the performance of denim fabrics woven from rigid and stretched weft yarn combined with cotton and polyester. This study evaluates the weight, dimensional changes, stiffness, tensile and tearing strength, stretch, and comfort properties of denim fabric woven from cotton and polyester in various blended ratios. Here, Ne 14/1 (42 tex) 100% cotton warp yarn and Ne 18/1 (33 tex) weft yarns, consisting of 100% cotton, 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 cotton/polyester (CO/PES) blends, as well as 100% polyester, were used to produce 3/1 Z twill denim fabric. The weft yarns were categorized into three groups: rigid, core-spun, and dual-core-spun yarns. Experimental results showed a higher polyester content in weft yarn, and denim fabrics' tensile and tearing strength was improved, whereas fabrics' weight loss, dimensional changes, and stretch properties were reduced. Furthermore, different statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the type of weft yarn and blending ratio interaction and correlation with fabric properties. Additionally, a regression model was developed with the weft yarn type and blending ratio as independent variables to predict the fabric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aesthetics and functionality of honeycomb woven assemblies qualifies them for a range of applications expanding across home textiles, fashion, functional apparels, and technical products. Researchers have explored honeycomb assemblies with the focus on shrinkage, sound absorption, thermal conductivity, and heat protection properties analysis via variation in their cell sizes. However, very minimal research is found on analysis of honeycomb woven fabric assemblies' thermal comfort characteristics by employing different weft insertion sequence and materials (cotton and stretchable yarns). This study reflects the thermal conductivity, dry fluid transmission (air permeability), wet fluid transmission (moisture management), and stiffness attributes of twelve stretchable honeycomb woven assemblies consisting of single ridge, double ridge, and brighton honeycomb weave structures along with different weft sequences of cotton and Type 400 (T-400) stretch yarns. Characterization data showed that single ridge honeycomb structure supports the highest dry fluid transmission property; however, brighton honeycomb offers the highest heat retention property. Double ridge honeycomb highlights the capability of the highest wet fluid transmission property, and brighton honeycomb has immense stiffness. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) also showed that honeycomb structures, weft yarn sequence and material have a statistically significant impact on thermal conductivity and fluid transmission behaviors with p -values less than 0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a detailed exploration of the effects of glycine treatment on the morphology and tensile properties of cotton yarn is presented. From the cross-sectional morphological studies, it can be noticed that glycine treatment at pH 11 swelled the cotton fibres. Linear density measurements showed that the yarn weight increased after glycine treatment irrespective of the pH. The increased linear density may be due to the weight gained by the yarn because of glycine treatment as well as shrinkage. The results of the tensile properties of cotton yarn treated with glycine showed that glycine treatment protected the samples from the significant drop in yarn tensile strength at acidic pH. The breaking strain was increased significantly in pH 11 glycine treated yarn by 70%. The glycine treatment at acidic condition has also changed the strain value, at pH 4, where the strain value increased by 38%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to weave the warp indigo-dyed cotton yarn with un-dyed or dyed silk yarn and analyze the impact of different weft yarn structures on the properties of denim fabrics. The dyed silk yarn was performed by a selection of different anionic indigo and non-indigo blue dyestuffs. The dyeing shades of the anionic Indigo Carmine dye on silk exhibited high build-up at the acidic pH range 2–2.5 with poor washing fastness and even so, the cationic aftertreatment of the dyed silk samples showed un-matched color with indigo-dyed cotton yarns. The dyeing properties of two commercial non-indigo reactive and acid dyes on silk add other advantages. To ascertain the dyeing shades evaluation of the non-indigo dyes on silk, two sets of blended denim fabrics were investigated. The first set included a weft-wise silk yarn dyed with reactive dye RB 5, and the second set included silk yarns dyed with acid dye AB 193. Weaving of the blended fabrics was carried out in Twill 3/1, 3/2 Z,and Satin 53 patterns and exhibited significant color effects of the dyed silk yarns to those of the un-dyed control samples. The dyeing shades of the non-indigo RB 5 and AB 193 dyed weft-wise silk yarns were found to be matched in color performance with the conventionally indigo- dyed cotton yarns. Ultraviolet resistance of the blend denim fabrics was evaluated, showing significant improvement in UPF of the weft-wise dyed silk. The study claimed that the dyed silk yarns a good candidate for newly developed blend denim fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a critical raw material for the textile industry, cotton lint provides various types of cotton yarns, fabrics and finished products. However, due to the complexity of the supply chain and its many links, information records are often missing, inaccurate or lagging, resulting in low transparency and traceability. In the traditional cotton lint supply chain, the data of each link are stored in isolation; due to the lack of an effective sharing mechanism and the formation of "information silos", complete traceability is challenging to achieve. In addition, the completeness and authenticity of documents such as lint quality reports and certificates of origin must be rapidly strengthened. Otherwise, quality problems may arise. To solve the above problems, this study proposes a cotton lint supply chain traceability system based on blockchain and non-fungible tokens (NFTs), covering the whole cotton lint production process from harvesting to selling. We use an NFT as an asset token to digitise seed cotton, cotton lint and quality inspection reports and allow participants to store and manage these assets on the blockchain. The system design includes architecture diagrams, sequence diagrams and Ethernet smart contract development based on the ERC721 standard. In addition, the integration of Interplanetary File System (IPFS) technology solves the problem of storing large files on the chain and ensures that the data are permanently preserved and cannot be tampered with. We provide a diagram of the interactions between the system components and the four core algorithms' design, testing and verification process. We present an in-depth analysis of the solution regarding the transaction costs and smart contract security. We confirm the solution's security, reliability and applicability through a cost evaluation and security analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Textile Industry / Tekstilna Industrija is the property of Union of Textile Engineers & Technicians of Serbia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Textiles & Engineers / Tekstil ve Mühendis is the property of Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers & Architects, Chamber of Textile Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the possibility of manufacturing vortex yarns directly from card slivers having two different sliver counts is investigated. The fiber type, card sliver count, and yarn count are considered as the selected parameters to be examined due to their effects on unevenness, yarn imperfections, hairiness, breaking strength, and elongation properties. For this purpose, cotton and viscose yarns in three yarn counts, 14.77, 19.69, and 29.53 tex, were produced from two card sliver counts (3.58 and 4.92 ktex) by a Murata Vortex Spinning (MVS) system. The study revealed that vortex yarns can be produced by feeding directly card slivers to the MVS system, and resulting yarns have features compatible with those yarns produced on a conventional production line. In the context of this study, where the drafting process is eliminated, it is recommended to produce yarns from fine card slivers to reach a lower CVm% and imperfection value and to produce yarns by coarser card slivers to reach lower hairiness and higher Rkm values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harvesting solar energy, as a clean and abundant resource, in the photothermal process, is the winning point of solar steam generation (SSG) systems. Herein, copper plasmonic nanoparticles were synthesized through a green method via red sanders extraction on the cotton fabric as the reducing matrix. The prepared fabrics were analyzed using FESEM, EDS, XRD, PL, Raman, and contact angle. The treated fabric on the stitched PU foam with cotton yarns with bio-inspired jellyfish structure was used for heat localization and water transmission, simultaneously. The evaporation rate, enhancement, and conversion efficiency of the plasmonic SSG were 1.73 kg m−2 h−1, 179%, and ~ 98%, under one sun irradiation, respectively. The quality of the collected water was investigated via induced coupled plasma which presents the proper solar desalination (> 99.83% for filtration of Na+ ion). Regenerating features of the treated fabric along with the simple and cost-effective preparation method promises viable aspects of our system for large-scale applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and application of new types of fibres and their wider application influence the continuous invention of a more economical starching process, as one of the most expensive stages in the technological process of woven fabric production. For example, aramid fibres are increasingly used in clothing with effective protection from mechanical, thermal and abrasion exposure. Simultaneously, comfort and regulation of metabolic heat are extremely important, and this is achieved by using cotton woven fabrics. For such a woven fabrics to satisfy the protective properties and the possibility of all-day wear, fibre is needed, and thus a yarn, that will enable the efficient production of fine, light and comfortable protective woven fabrics. This paper investigates the influence of starching on the mechanical properties of aramid yarns and their comparison to cotton yarns of the same fineness. This will lead to knowledge about the efficiency and necessity of aramid yarn starching. The tests were carried out on an industrial and laboratory starching machine. According to the obtained results, the necessity and the improvement of the physical-mechanical properties of cotton and aramid yarns can be determined, both by industrial and laboratory starching. Finer yarn starched by the laboratory starching process achieves greater efficiency in the yarn's strength and resistance to wear, which indicates the need for starching aramid yarns, especially fineness 16.6 × 2 tex, but also finer ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing thermal comfort of the human body is very important not only due to the physical and psychological health, but also in terms of energy consumption, productivity, and economy. Phase change materials (PCMs) meet the thermal management requirements for various cooling and heating applications, owing to the storage and release of high latent heat energy at near-isothermal conditions. In the textile industry, PCMs are also used for developing thermo-regulation smart textiles. In the present study, PCM nanocapsules were synthesized based on paraffin core and poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) shell. During the ring spinning, the synthesized PCM nanocapsules were incorporated within cotton fibres at the concentration of 6% and the yarns were produced at different nanocapsules feeding rates ranged from 62.5 mL/h to 80.0 mL/h. Aiming to benefit from the outstanding characteristics of nanofibers, the ring-spun cotton yarn was combined with polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibres. For this purpose, PCM-loaded ring-spun cotton yarn was fed as a core to a modified electrospinning set-up, where the PLA nanofibres containing PCM nanocapsules covered it to provide a core–shell structured composite yarn with thermo-regulation property. Morphology and thermal properties of PCM nanocapsules and composite yarns were characterized by various analysis tests. The results indicated that the composite yarns exhibited a temperature difference of 2 °C and above compared to the neat yarns. The developed composite yarns combining the properties of cotton, PLA nanofibres, and PCMs in one structure would present a potential to rival the multifunctional thermally adaptive textile products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The proposed study aims to discuss the methodology for measuring and evaluating controlled moisture distribution in woven fabric surfaces in the first part and the construction of woven fabric using hydrophobic and hydrophilic cotton yarns in the second part. Moisture distribution can be controlled in terms of the anisotropic (horizontal and vertical) and isotropic characteristics of the wetting of the cotton woven fabrics based on the combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic threads. A set of experimental samples using hydrophobic and hydrophilic threads in warp and weft was produced to monitor the moisture (water) distribution in woven fabric surfaces. For evaluating the controlled distribution of moisture (water) in these atypical woven fabric constructions, an algorithm (methodology) was proposed, where the object (liquid) was separated from the background (fabrics) and various objects and geometric characteristics depending on time were evaluated on the object. The algorithm itself consisted of several steps and was executed in a loop for the current frame at a given time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable electronics are a prevalent technology for personal heat management and health detection. However, these devices prepared by metal wires usually face challenges that inflexibility, insecurity and easy to damage. Here, the knitted cotton fabric, which has been decorated with conductive graphene and polypyrrole (PPy), has been developed into a flexible multifunctional fabric (G-PPy-COT). Conductive G-PPy-COT fabrics are constructed by a process of loading cotton yarns with graphene and PPy. The good synergy between graphene and PPy significantly improves the electrical conductivity of knitted cotton fabric. The great conductive properties of the G-PPy-COT fabric facilitate remarkable Joule heating performance (141.9 °C at 10 V) and strain sensing capabilities (GF=3.75). The good Joule heating performance exhibited by G-PPy-COT fabrics have the potential for thermal therapy. When the G-PPy-COT fabrics was attached on the arthrosis and powered by 7 V, the blood circulation of the arthrosis was improved in 200 s. This study establishes a foundation for the advancement of crop-derived electronic products with promising cost-effective and environmentally friendly applications in wearable technology. [Display omitted] • Simple method to achieve cotton fabric conductive function. • Synergistic effect improves electrical conductivity. • Both Joule heat and motion sensing performance. • The knitted structure realizes a negative change in resistance when stretched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the first kenaf spinning attempt in Tunisia. Indeed, kenaf fibers are rigid and lack of cohesion that makes their spinning difficult and a challenge. So, this paper describes the possibility of spinning different blends of kenaf/cotton fibers using open end spinning machine. Five different blends of kenaf/cotton (M1:10/90, M2:20/80, M3:30/70, M4:40/60, and M5:50/50) were considered. The higher kenaf content in the blend make spinning process difficult and even impossible. The produced yarns were characterized to evaluate their mechanical properties and compare it to similar yarn performances. These blends gave different yarn counts varying from 41.86 to 69.16 tex, tenacity of 8.80 cN/tex to 10.07 cN/tex, while elongation at break of 7% to 8.93%. The results proves that kenaf/cotton 40/60 blend ratio presents the better mechanical properties and regularity with 8.80 cN/tex for tenacity and 7.68% for elongation with good regularity index Ireg = 1.25. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has an extraordinary photocatalytic activity and it effectively provides self-cleaning properties for cotton products. With the presence of succinic acid, it helps the adherence of the TiO2 nanoparticles on cotton surfaces. However, the ability of succinic acid to keep the TiO2 adhered on cotton after washing is not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of washing cycles on nano-TiO2 coated cotton yarn with the aid of succinic acid on the morphological structures and self-cleaning properties. In this study, the nano-TiO2 was synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The cotton yarn was coated with succinic acid and was later dipped in a nano-TiO2 nanoparticles suspension. The nano-TiO2 coated yarn samples then underwent the 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th wash cycles and were tested for morphological structures and self-cleaning. The self-cleaning properties of the nano-TiO2 coated yarn were determined using the depth of colour stain. The depth of the colour stain was presented as K/S value, where K and S are corresponded to the absorption and scattering coefficients of the stained fabric, respectively. From the analysis, our synthesized nano-TiO2 had a size of 20–50 nm range with a band gap of 3.06 eV. After coating, the nano-TiO2 coated cotton yarn changed in its morphological structure at 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th wash cycles, respectively. At the 20th wash cycle, the weight (%) of the Ti element continued to decrease up to 4.45%, reducing the photocatalytic activity with the K/S value close to the stained yarn, which was about 0.4. The 5th wash cycle maintained a good photocatalytic activity with the K/S value of 0.06 near to the K/S value of the unstained cotton yarn. The presence of succinic acid in the nano-TiO2 coated cotton yarn provided good self-cleaning properties up to the 15th wash cycle. By undertaking this study, an enhanced cotton property has been developed that will benefit the textile and clothing industry. This nano-TiO2 coated cotton the has potential to be used for daily apparel and sportwear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contraction rates of weft knitted plain jersey fabric and some patterned single jersey fabrics with respect to machine gauge were determined. Fabric samples were knitted using cotton yarn at various stitch length values on a positive feed based multi feeder circular weft knitting machine. Widthwise contraction rates of the resulting fabric samples were then calculated using the values of wales per inch and needles per inch. It was discovered that when stitch length increased, the value of the contraction rate decreased. Additionally, it was found that the knitted stitches (knit, tuck and miss) greatly impacted how much the fabric contracts. Fabric with miss stitches showed higher contraction than fabrics knitted with tuck stitches. However, knit-miss based single jersey fabrics showed less contraction than plain single jersey fabrics while all courses are knitted at the same course length value. It was also observed that contraction rates also change due to different positioning of tuck and miss loops in the patterned structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being an agro-based natural product, cotton always poses vagueness in the parameters. Hence, formulation of decision rules for prediction of cotton yarn quality from the imprecise cotton fiber properties is an intricate problem. Yarn tenacity is considered an imperative quality parameter in the cotton textile industry. Modelling of yarn tenacity has remained as the cynosure of research for textile engineers. In recent years, rough set theory has evolved as one of the most important techniques used for handling imprecise data. One of the cardinal uses of rough set theory is its application to rule generation. Our approach focuses on the elimination of the redundant data set in order to generate effective decision rules which retain the accuracy of the original data set. In this work rough set theory is employed to generate decision rules to predict yarn tenacity from six input parameters. The validation results prove that the generated 45 decision rules accurately predicted 14 out of 16 unknown test data. Thus, in the present competitive market, this model is potent for getting recognition from the textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to obtain bioactive textiles suitable for skin applications using a polymeric bioactive system based on xanthan-propoliscinnamon essential oil. Oil-in-water emulsion was immobilized by padding method on two weave fabrics made from 100% cotton yarns (V1) and 100% cotton yarns in warp direction blended with 80% cotton/20% SmartcelTM Sensitive in weft direction (V2). The functionalized textiles were characterized regarding their physical-mechanical characteristics, hydrophilicity, and antibacterial activity. Cell viability, membrane integrity, and inflammation status of the functionalized fabrics were evaluated on HaCaT human keratinocytes. Mass of both textile fabrics increased depending on the amount of immobilized emulsion that remained after the functionalization process. Slightly lower values of hydrophilicity were obtained for both fabrics that showed a wettability of 1.30 seconds. Water vapor permeability and air permeability had lower values compared to control. An antibacterial activitiy was observed for both samples against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The organization of filamentous actin in cells cultured in the presence of bioactive textiles was kept within the normal limits. V2 sample displayed good biocompatibility without skin irritation, recommending for further dressings and clothes with medical applications or daily usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research, folding of yarns was applied as a method for designing thermal transport characteristics of hemp-based knits. The rib-knitted fabrics were made by combining one of two cotton two-folded yarns (differing in folding twist) with one of the two complex hemp yarns. The parameters describing the thermal properties in the steady-state and transient regimes of heat transfer were determined. The results indicated that the packing density of the fibers in the yarn plays a crucial role in the heat conduction through the fabric. The two-assembled hemp component appeared to be the main heat conductor in the knitted fabrics containing it. Between the knits composed of the two-folded hemp and two-folded cotton yarns, that having two-folded more twisted cotton yarn as a component was characterized by higher thermal conductivity. The higher thermal conductivity resulted in higher thermal absorptivity, but not necessarily in higher thermal diffusivity, as the increased volumetric heat capacity may limit the speed of heat spreading through the fabric. Therefore, the knits containing two-assembled hemp yarn differed in thermal diffusivity despite their similar thermal conductivity. Both knits with the two-folded more twisted cotton yarn as a component had similar thermal diffusivity despite their different thermal conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed to develop knitted denim fabrics by using cotton and eri silk yarns. Three combinations of 3/1 twill knitted denim fabrics were developed. Two materials cotton yarn 30s and eri silk yarn 2/80s Nm with three types (100% cotton, 50% cotton/50% eri silk, 100% eri silk) of knitted denim fabrics were produced. Moisture management properties were tested for the developed samples.100% eri silk knitted denim fabric was found with the excellent accumulative one way transport index % and a very good overall moisture management capability better than that of 100% cotton and 50% cotton/50%eri silk knitted denim fabrics. The results indicated that the eri silk knitted denim fabric is more suitable for active wear and functional wear applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Denim fabrics are one of the important research fields in the textile industry. Super stretch denim fabrics that have more than 30% elasticity are among the hottest trends in denim fabrics recently. The entire process chain, from raw material to finished product, must be considered when developing fabrics with high stretch values. Previously, only 100% cotton yarn was used in the denim industry; however, some new generation yarn types are currently being used. Different multi-component core-spun yarns were produced and used as a weft yarn in five different denim fabrics. The study aimed to investigate the influence of fiber types used as core (EL: elastane, PBT: polybutylene terephthalate, T400®: PET/PTT) or as wrap fibers (cotton, modal, EME: Elastomeric multi ester) into the new developed core-spun yarns, on the stretch properties of denim fabrics. Experimental and statistical results show that fiber types used as core/wrappers in the multi-component weft yarns significantly affect all stretch properties of denim fabrics. Fabrics composed of weft yarn with the EL+T400® in the core and EME/CO in the wrapper gave the best results in stretch properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural resources are getting scarcer by the day as the world's population grows. As a result, it is high time to repurpose textiles in order to save the environment and reduce waste. The textile industry is one of the most waste-generating industries, resulting in increased pollution. The goal of this study is to evaluate the performance of recycled cotton (R-CO) with conventional cotton (C-CO), organic cotton (O-CO), and better cotton (B-CO) in the denim fabric performance. Denim fabrics were produced using 7.2 Ne slub cotton warp yarn and 8.9 Ne C-CO, O-CO, B-CO, R-CO carded weft yarns. The results revealed that cotton fiber types only had a major impact on tearing and breaking strengths. Among those, recycled cotton had higher skewing movement and lower breaking and tearing strength according to a significance level of α = 0.05. The measured colors were compared to the C-CO fabric as a reference, and the overall color characteristics were found to be closer to the reference fabric, with the exception of the O-CO fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tearing strength of the woven fabric is an important mechanical property which directly decides the fabric serviceability. Yarn-yarn friction, one of the most important factors of fabric tearing strength, is a characteristic inherited from the surface and bulk properties of the interlacing yarns that decides the yarn interaction behavior. In this work, an experimental set-up was fabricated to measure the yarn-yarn friction on an UTM. By using this set-up, a study was carried out with the unraveled yarns obtained from commercial cotton woven fabrics consist of two sets of plain shirting fabrics, with different combinations of warp and weft type, i.e., ring-combed yarn, ring-compact yarn, and one set of plain suiting fabrics made of OE yarn. All these fabrics were processed through standard commercial chemical processing stages and samples were collected after each wet processing stages. It is found that, yarn-yarn co-efficient of friction (μ) of the compact yarn after finishing has the lowest μ, i.e., 0.32 as compared to ring and OE yarn μ of 0.36 and 0.45, respectively. However, after dyeing the μ is highest for all the yarns, i.e., μ of compact, ring and OE yarns are 0.35, 0.40, and 0.52, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present study, the comfort properties of knitted fabrics made from a two-ply yarn comprising a paper yarn and a cotton yarn were investigated. The objective was to elucidate the characteristics of paper yarn in comparison with cotton in terms of the design and development of comfortable and ecofriendly textiles that directly contact the skin. A two-ply yarn comprising a paper yarn made from abacá and a cotton yarn was prepared. Five fabrics with different proportions of paper were prepared by changing the knitting ratio of the two-ply yarn to a 100% cotton yarn. The mechanical properties (tensile, shearing, bending, compression, surface, contact area, and air permeability properties) and various thermal and moisture-transport properties of the fabric samples were determined. Those investigations revealed that the surface roughness increased, the friction coefficient decreased, the contact area decreased (in both the dry and wet state), the air permeability increased, the thermal conductivity increased, and the moisture diffusivity increased as the proportion of paper yarn increased. The fabric consisting of only the two-ply yarn was noticeably stiffer than the fabrics that also contained a pure cotton yarn. The results suggest the possibility of developing clothes that feel comfortable next to the skin, even when wet (e.g. underwear and socks) by knitting the two-ply yarn in a well-balanced ratio with cotton yarns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, aiming to improve the mechanical performance of the Poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-based nanofibrous structures, the electrospinning method was employed to develop twisted yarns with core-shell structure. Within this process, a conventional ring-spun cotton yarn fed to the electrical field, where nanofibers covered it by a certain orientation owning to the twisting procedure. This approach combines the excellent biological and physical-mechanical properties of cotton with outstanding features of the PLA nanofibers for biomedical applications. The effects of the core and shell structures on the ultimate properties of the electrospun core-shell yarns were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that relatively uniform and bead-free fibers with smooth surfaces were formed. SEM images also confirmed that the nanofibers were arranged around the core with a specific angle to the axis (with the angle range of 8–44 based on the twisting rate) to constitute a twisted core-shell yarn. The diameter of the electrospun yarns decreased (∼ 22%) by increasing the twist rate. The influence of the core on the mechanical behavior of core-shell yarn are also discussed. Improvements in mechanical performance of core-shell yarns were generally perceived at low twist levels of the core yarn (αe = 2.8), and electrospun shell (40 rpm). Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton fibers are the most important raw material of the textile industry. Clean collection of cotton fibers improves the quality of textile products. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of normal and late harvest period of different cotton varieties on cotton fiber and yarn properties. The HVI and AFIS values of the fibers obtained as a result of the late harvest period and the normal harvest period of different cotton varieties grown in the same field and obtained in different years, and the quality properties of the yarns obtained from these fibers were determined. As a result of the test, the quality characteristics were low due to the late harvest due to the exposure of the fibers to rain during the 2018 harvest period. According to the test results, the quality values of the fiber in the normal harvest period of 2019 and the yarns obtained from these fibers were better. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of late harvest period on fiber and yarn quality properties and thus on quality of textile products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton fiber is the most important raw material of the textile industry. Agricultural activities, harvesting methods, storage, ginning, and spinning process are important in determining the quality and efficiency of cotton fiber. Cotton fiber, which is mostly used in yarn factories, should be subjected to conditioning process before spinning, and the moisture (%) content should be at the desired level to optimize fiber length, flexibility, strength, and other similar quality values. In this study, in which the effects of moisture-induced improvement in cotton fiber quality on yarn quality were targeted; the aim is to use cotton fibers used in spinning mills at maximum performance and to improve the quality performance of the yarns produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the possibility of applying natural dyes on cellulose fibres were researched with respect to the impact of cotton material pre-treatment (scouring, chemical bleaching, mercerization and mordanting), using renewable sources of natural dyes (waste as a source). As mordants, metal salts of copper, aluminium and ferrum were used, and the influence on colour change as well as on fastness properties were analysed. The natural dyes were extracted from onion peel (Allium cepa L.) and pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.). In spectrophotometric analysis performed of the plant extracts, the onion extract has peaks at 400 and 500 nm, resulting in red-orange colourations and the pomegranate extract shows a maximum at 400 nm, i.e., in the yellow region, which is characteristic of punicalin. Results show significant influence of cotton pre-treatments on colour appearance and fastness properties, caused by pre-treatments affecting the properties and structure of the cotton itself. The positive effect of mercerization on dye absorption and bonding is confirmed. For wash and light fastness properties, more satisfactory results have been obtained for yarns dyed with pomegranate peel natural dye, and the key importance of mordants for fastness properties has been confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Dual-core yarn structures, one of the hybrid yarn types preferred in denim fabric structures recently, make it possible to improve the stretch properties of fabrics and to profit from the features of two or more materials simultaneously. In this study, innovative dual-core yarn structures containing elastane and wool yarn cores and cotton fiber as sheath fibers were developed by changing production parameters (twist, cores draft ratio). It is thought that innovative, relatively more natural denim fabrics with increased thermal insulation can produce with dual-core yarns containing wool fiber. The yarn type that meets the expectations of denim manufacturers among the 27 yarn types was selected with Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) from multi-criteria decision-making methods, and production parameters were determined. According to the MULTIMOORA method and expert opinion, 16 coded dual-core yarn sample (670 T/m, 1.05 wool draft ratio, and 3.3 elastane draft ratio) was the best alternative, and eight coded dual-core yarn sample (585 T/m, 3.5 elastane draft ratio, and 1.05 wool draft ratio) was the worst alternative found for denim fabric production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, most cotton textile waste is sent to landfill. However, due to the use of synthetic additives and the chemical treatment of cotton fibers, cotton textile waste is difficult to biodegrade. Cotton textile waste can also be subjected to material recycling, or to incineration/gasification to produce energy. Here, we present the optimization of acid hydrolysis of cotton yarn fibers for glucose efficiency. The cotton yarn hydrolysates showed great potential for replacing simple sugar solutions in fermentation media. The highest glucose concentration was obtained in the hydrolysates of cotton yarn hydrolyzed in a 2% solution of sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid at 140–160 °C for 2 h. After 2 h of hydrolysis at 140 °C with 2% H3PO4, the concentration of glucose in the cotton yarn hydrolysate (13.19 g/L) increased fivefold compared with cotton yarn treated under the same conditions with H2SO4 (2.65 g/L). The structural modifications in the solid residues after acid hydrolysis were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), and Raman spectroscopy. The SEM images, IR spectra, and Raman spectra revealed that the most significant changes in the morphology of the fibers occurred when the process was carried out at high temperatures (≥140 °C). Better growth of the yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ethanol Red and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tokay ŁOCK0204 was observed in the medium containing phosphoric acid hydrolysate. The maximum methane yield of 278 dm3/kgVS and the maximum hydrogen yield of 42 dm/kgVS were reported for cotton yarn waste after pretreatment with H3PO4. This might have been linked to the beneficial effect of phosphorus, which is a key nutrient for anaerobic digestion. The proposed hydrolysis method does not generate fermentation inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Conductive fiber plays increasingly important role in the field of multifunctional textile and smart clothing for the signal/power transmission, electrothermal function and so on. However, their major bottle necks are rigid, undyeable and limited durability. In this study, we manufactured a dyeable, washable and flexible conductive yarn by wrapping cotton roving fiber (wrapped fiber) on the surface of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) fiber (core yarn) and twisting them together by core-spun yarn spinning technique, named as cotton wrapped CNT yarn (CWC yarn). The appearance and flexibility of the CWC yarn are similar with the cotton yarn, but showing excellent conductivities of 100 Ω/cm, (undyed CWC yarn) and 50 Ω/cm (dyed CWC yarn). The electrothermal temperature of the CWC yarn with length of 5 cm reached 70 °C with applied voltage of 20 V, which was even higher than that of the pristine CNT yarn (60 °C). Furthermore, its electrical and electrothermal property changed slightly after being loaded, bent, knotted, fold-released (100 cycles) and washed, showing excellent durability. In addition, the electrochromatically dyed CWC yarn after weaving or embroidering into fabrics displayed changed colors with the various applied voltages. This work demonstrated a simple and referential method to design dyeable and washable multifunctional yarns for wearable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Spinning technology of high-proportion high-strength nylon cotton blended yarn was discussed. According to the property of high-strength nylon and problems in actual production, targeted technology measures were taken in each process. Spinning technology was optimized, finally several high-strength nylon cotton blended yarns were successfully spun. The test results showed that the high-proportion high-strength nylon cotton blended yarn had higher tensile property, evenness and hairiness level were better. It is considered that controlling temperature & humidity in workshop and taking targeted measures are the keys to ensuring successful production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of inaccurate calculation and inefficient statistical work in classification of cotton yarns and distribution cotton consumption per ton yarn in most cotton spinning enterprises, cotton consumption per ton yarn calculation system in cotton spinning enterprises was independently researched and developed. Design principle and detailed calculation process of accurate calculation system for cotton consumption per ton yarn were introduced. Through cases, setting of statistical parameters of cotton yarn and cotton assorting, reasonable classification entry of output, inventory and input raw materials and corresponding calculation formulas were briefly described. Practice showed that the calculation system of cotton yarn classification and distribution cotton consumption per ton yarn was accurate and reliable. It is considered that the system can provide timely and accurate cotton consumption statistics for financial raw material cost calculation and enterprise raw material arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic fabric composed of polyester and cotton single yarns was developed by alkali treatment and thermal aging. During the alkali treatment to make the nano-roughness of the polyester fibers, micro-roughness also increased due to differences in the thicknesses of the two yarns arising from the increased polyester surface roughness and swollen cotton. The superhydrophobicity, with a static contact angle of 155.8 ± 3.2° and shedding angle of 11.1 ± 0.8°, was achieved with 90% polyester/10% cotton fabric treated with 20% alkali concentration for 20 min under applied tension, then followed by 24 h thermal aging at 130℃. The tensile strength of the superhydrophobic polyester/cotton fabric (28.7 MPa) was higher than that of 100% polyester fabric (20.1 MPa). The breathability of the superhydrophobic polyester/cotton fabric was improved compared with 100% polyester fabric. In durability assessment, a static contact angle of ≥150° was shown for the tape tests. Five times of repeated adhesion with a clothing tape cleaner were conducted for the five samples each. Although washing and dry-cleaning decreased contact angles to as low as 137.7°, a static contact angle of 150° was achieved by additional thermal aging (130℃, 24 h). We developed a superhydrophobic fabric mixed with polyester and cotton yarns by exploiting differences in the characteristics of the two yarns induced by alkali treatment, which causes fabric surface roughness, and thermal aging without the use of any chemicals. Moreover, this superhydrophobic fabric has improved breathability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of process parameters of blow room machines on openness degree and quality of cotton tufts in a blow room. Design/methodology/approach: For this purpose, an experimental Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used, and the process parameters were the angles of the grid bars underneath the opening rollers of CVT3 beaters and the distance between feed roller of the first opening roller of CVT3. Findings: It was found that the cotton tuft openness increased by increasing the angles of grid bars and by decreasing the distance between the feed roller and first opening roller on CVT3 beater. Further, the optimization procedure showed that an optimum value of cotton tuft openness (in laser method) was determined for specific levels of the process parameters. Originality/value: The originality of this investigation is that it showed the individual effects and interactions of the most important factors in two tufting machines instead of only one machine. This study is important because it helps cotton yarn spinners to improve the quality of the final yarns by optimizing the levels of tuft openness which in turn improves fiber cleaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ring and rotor spinning predominate the cotton spinning market with ring spinning dominating globally while United States (U.S.) spinners prefer rotor because of its production speed and high automation level. Newer and faster spinning technologies such as "air jet" spinning, exemplified by Murata Vortex Spinning (MVS), are being deployed. Rotor spinning produces yarn five times faster than ring, and the MVS produces 100 % cotton yarn over 20 times faster than ring spinning. Fiber quality improvements will be necessary for Upland cotton to be competitive with other fibers on MVS. Texas A&M Agrilife Research has released improved fiber quality germplasm lines and cultivars that equal or exceed the fiber quality parameters associated with the New Mexico Acala germplasm pool, which is considered the elite quality among Upland breeding pools. Two improved quality Texas A&M germplasm lines were compared with Acala 1517-08 for High Volume Instrument (HVI) and Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) fiber quality parameters plus yarn strength and appearance parameters. These genotypes were grown in 2017 and 2019 at Weslaco, Texas under irrigated culture. The three genotypes were similar in all fiber quality measurements except lengh and fiber strength. TAM 06WE-621 and TAM KJQ14 produced stronger yarns with improved yarn appearance when spun on either ring or air jet spinning technologies. Data suggest that the Texas A&M quality germplasm pool can be used to develop Upland cotton cultivars that will produce fibers competitive for the emerging MVS technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]